University of Oxford Undergraduate Prospectus 2019 
Courses 
Oxford is… what you make it
This version was produced by the Oxford University Accessible Resources Acquisition and Creation Unit in 2018.
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[Transcriber's Note]
To ease navigation, heading levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 are used throughout the document. 
Print page numbers are recorded at the point where they occur and are given on a separate line enclosed in square brackets. This document covers pages 36 to 141 of the printed version.
Content’s List
Choosing what to study
Admission requirements
Archaeology and Anthropology BA 3 Years
Biochemistry (Molecular and Cellular] MBIOCHEM 4 Years
Biological Sciences BA 3 Years
Biomedical Sciences BA 3 Years
Chemistry MCHEM 4 Years
Classical Archaeology and Ancient History BA 3 Years
Classics (Literae Humaniores] BA 4 Years Classical Languages and Literature, Ancient History, Classical Archaeology, Philology, Ancient and Modern Philosophy
Classics and English BA 3 Years (Course I) Or 4 Years (Course II)
Classics and Modern Languages BA 4 or 5 Years including a year abroad
Classics and Oriental Studies BA 4 years (3 years if Oriental Studies is the main subject and no year abroad is taken)
Computer Science BA 3 Years or MCOMPSCI 4 Years
Computer Science and Philosophy BA 3 Years or MCOMPPHIL 4 Years
Earth Sciences (Geology] BA (Geology] 3 Years or MEARTHSCI 4 Years
Economics and Management BA 3 Years
Engineering Science MENG 4 Years
English Language and Literature BA 3 Years
English and Modern Languages BA 4 years with a year abroad English and either Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish
European and Middle Eastern Languages BA 4 years with a year abroad Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish, with either Arabic, Hebrew, Persian or Turkish
Fine Art BFA 3 Years
Geography BA 3 years
History BA 3 Years
History (Ancient and Modern] BA 3 Years
History and Economics BA 3 years
History and English BA 3 years
History and Modern Languages BA 4 years with a year abroad History and either Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish
History and Politics BA 3 years
History of Art BA 3 years
Human Sciences BA 3 years
Law (Jurisprudence] Ba 3 years (Equivalent to LLB); 4-year course option includes a year studying abroad
Materials Science MENG 4 years
Mathematics BA 3 years or MMATH 4 years
Mathematics and Computer Science BA 3 years or MMATHCOMPSCI 4 Years
Mathematics and Philosophy BA 3 Years or MMATHPHIL 4 years
Mathematics and Statistics BA 3 tears or MMATH 4 years
Medicine BA 3 years or BM BCH 6 years
Modern Languages BA 4 Years with a year abroad Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish
Modern Languages and Linguistics BA 4 years with a year abroad
Music BA 3 years
Oriental Studies BA 3 or 4 years (see individual subjects) Arabic, Chinese, Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Hebrew Studies, Japanese, Jewish Studies, Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish
Philosophy and Modern Languages BA 4 Years Philosophy and either Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish
Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) BA 3 Years
Philosophy and Theology BA 3 years
Physics MPHYS 4 years
Physics and Philosophy MPHYSPHIL 4 Years
Psychology (Experimental] BA 3 years
Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics (PPL) BA 3 years
Religion and Oriental Studies BA 3 years
Theology and Religion BA 3 years
Oxford is... What You Make It
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Choosing what to study
Getting this decision right is crucial to enjoying your time at university so do really explore your options, even if you think you know what you want to study. Your degree course will run for three or more years and your workload will feel much lighter if you genuinely love your course. In our view, the right subject is like a good book – it should be hard to put down.
A favourite subject
Having a clear favourite might make this decision easy but do still check out the structure and content of the course and consider how these might differ from other universities you are applying to. Subjects at degree level can be quite different from studying them at school.
Two or even three combined
Oxford offers a wide range of joint courses which give students the chance to explore different subjects and examine the connections between them. This will often reveal insights not necessarily found by studying them individually. There tend to be fewer places on our joint courses but this is not always the case. A few subjects are only available at undergraduate level as part of a joint course, for example Philosophy or Economics.
Something new
Don't forget to check out our courses not normally available at school, for example Archaeology and Anthropology, Biochemistry, Human Sciences, and Materials Science. For some they are the perfect opportunity to explore aspects of favourite subjects in an exciting new way, for others they are the chance to study something else.
“The vast majority of jobs do not specify the subject studied at university; all degree courses equip you with a wide range of valuable employability skills”. Jonathan Black, Careers Service
Studying abroad
Unless doing a language degree, it is unusual to be out of Oxford during term time as we want all our students to benefit from the University's teaching expertise and resources. However, you will still have lots of time to travel or do internships in the holidays. Whatever you are studying, you can learn languages whilst you are here. See page 5 [printed edition page number].
Research projects
Some courses, particularly those lasting four years, offer the chance to produce your own research and to work alongside other researchers at the University. These projects can lead to exciting career or further study opportunities. Read your course page for more on this.
Course assessment
Most of our degrees are assessed primarily by written examination and dissertation (an extended essay or thesis). These exams are typically divided between First (known as 'Prelims' or 'Mods') and Final University exams. At Oxford your results in your Finals determine your class of degree. See your course page for details.
Career opportunities
Whatever degree course you choose here, you will have a very wide choice of careers and internships. See page 4 and 6 for more [printed edition page number].
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“It's especially exciting when you meet the author of the article you have just been reading, standing right in front of you. They might be giving a lecture, or even engaging in heated debate with another author you've just read”. Leanne
Entrance requirements
To meet Oxford's entrance requirements and to make a competitive application, you need to have, or expect to achieve, three A-levels or any other equivalent qualifications. The exact requirements vary depending on the course you want to apply for, but as a guide you will need to achieve:
A-levels: AAA-A*A*A
Apart from any specific requirements, we accept all subjects (except General Studies). We expect you to have taken and passed any practical component in your chosen science subjects.
International Baccalaureate: 38-40 (including core points)
Many more qualifications are acceptable: see the list at ox.ac.uk/enreqs.
It is worth knowing that many successful candidates exceed the requirements of their courses.
Selection criteria
The selection criteria for all Oxford's courses relate to your academic achievement and potential. Extra-curricular activities are only relevant if they help to demonstrate how you meet the selection criteria.
Starting in 2020
Departments differ in whether or not they accept deferrals so be careful to check with them before choosing this option on your UCAS form. Alternatively, you might want to think about applying a year later when you have finished school and received your qualifications.
Visit ox.ac.uk/courses to use the A-Z search.
See page 38 [printed edition page number] for a summary of admission requirements for each subject.
See page 184 [printed edition page number] for an overview of our admissions process.
“Many of the textbooks are written by tutors and lecturers at the University, which is a reflection of the standard of the education”. Bertrand
“My course takes the two big beasts of the humanities (for me) and creates a chimera out of them. Tons of resources to draw from both disciplines, which are as complementary as they are broad”. Giuseppe
“I had the opportunity to dictate what I learnt; there was a lot of freedom for me to choose courses that interested me”. Naveed
“The most unexpected thing about my course has been the breadth of what you can study – you can write your dissertation on just about anything! All with the full support of your tutors”. Ryan
ox.ac.uk/courses;
ox.ac.uk/criteria
[38] and [39]
Admission requirements
Below is a summary of each course's requirements.
Please check the course page for details.
Check any subject requirements for your course choice:
Essential; Recommended; Helpful – may be useful on course
General Studies A-level is not accepted.
Course	Entrance requirements (at A-level or equivalent)	Subject choices	Test	Written work	
Archaeology and Anthropology	AAA	Helpful: Combination of arts and science subjects	[blank]	Two pieces	
Biochemistry (Molecular and Cellular)	A*AA with A* in Mathematics or a science	Essential: Chemistry and another science or Mathematics
Recommended: Mathematics
Helpful: Biology (beyond GCSE or equivalent)	[blank]	[blank]	
Biological Sciences	A*AA (with the A* in a science or Mathematics)	Essential: Biology or Human Biology
Recommended: Another science or Mathematics	[blank]	[blank]	
Biomedical Sciences	A*AA excluding Critical Thinking and General Studies	Essential: Two from Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics or Physics	BMAT	[blank]	
Chemistry	A*A*A (with both A*s in science subjects and/or Mathematics)	Essential: Chemistry and Mathematics
Recommended: Another science or Further Mathematics	TSA: section 1	[blank]	
Classical Archaeology and Ancient History	AAA	Helpful: A classical language, Classical Civilisation or Ancient History	[blank]	Two pieces	
Classics	AAA (in Latin and Greek if taken)	Essential: Latin and/or Greek (for Course I only)	CAT	Two pieces	
Classics and English	AAA (in Latin and Greek if taken)	Essential: Latin and/or Greek (for Course I only), English Literature or English Language and Literature	CAT; ELAT	Two pieces	
Classics and Modern Languages	AAA (in Latin and Greek if taken)	Essential: Latin and/or Greek (for Course I only), and a modern language (depending on course choice)	CAT; MLAT	Two/four pieces	
Classics and Oriental Studies	AAA (with As in Latin and Greek if taken)	Recommended: Latin and/or Greek	CAT or OLAT	Two pieces	
Computer Science	A*AA with the A* in Mathematics, Further Mathematics or Computing/Computer Science	Essential: Mathematics
Recommended: Further Mathematics	MAT	[blank]	
Computer Science and Philosophy	A*AA with the A* in Mathematics, Further Mathematics or Computing/Computer Science	Essential: Mathematics
Recommended: Further Mathematics	MAT	[blank]	
Earth Sciences (Geology)	A*AA/AAAA	Essential: Mathematics, plus Chemistry or Physics 
Recommended: Chemistry or Physics
Helpful: Biology, Geology, Further Mathematics	[blank]	[blank]	
Economics and Management	A*AA (with Mathematics at A or A*)	Essential: Mathematics	TSA	[blank]	
Engineering Science	A*A*A (with the A*s in Mathematics, Further Mathematics or Physics.)	Essential: Mathematics and Physics 
Recommended: Mathematics Mechanics modules
Helpful: Further Mathematics	PAT	[blank]	
English Language and Literature	AAA	Essential: English Literature or English Language and Literature
Helpful: A language, History	ELAT	One piece	
English and Modern Languages	AAA	Essential: A modern language (depending on course choice) and English Literature or English Language and Literature	ELAT
MLAT	One/three
pieces	
European and Middle Eastern Languages	AAA	Essential: A modern language (depending on course choice)	MLAT
OLAT	Two pieces	
Fine Art	AAA	Recommended: Art	[blank]	Portfolio (see page 76 [printed edition page number])	
Geography	A*AA	Recommended: Geography	see page 78 [printed edition page number]	[blank]	
History	AAA	Recommended History	HAT	One piece	
History (Ancient and Modern)	AAA	Recommended: History
Helpful: A classical language, Classical Civilisation, Ancient History	HAT	One piece	
History and Economics	AAA	Recommended: History, Mathematics	HAT; TSA: section 1	One piece (History)	
History and English	AAA	Essential: English Literature or English Language and Literature
Recommended: History	HAT	Three pieces	
History and Modern Languages	AAA	Essential: A modern language (depending on course choice)
Recommended: History	HAT; MLAT	One/three pieces	
History and Politics	AAA	Recommended: History
Helpful: Sociology, Politics, Government and Politics	HAT	One piece
(History)	
History of Art	AAA	Essential: A subject involving essay writing
Helpful: History of Art, Fine Art, History, English, a language	[blank]	One piece, one response	
Human Sciences	AAA	Helpful: Biology, Mathematics	TSA	[blank]	
Law (Jurisprudence)	AAA	Helpful: A subject involving essay writing	LNAT	[blank]	
Law with Law Studies in Europe	AAA	Essential: A relevant modern language (not required for European Law)
Helpful: A subject involving essay writing	LNAT	[blank]	
Materials Science	A*AA (with the A* in Mathematics, Physics or Chemistry)	Essential: Mathematics and Physics
Recommended: Chemistry
Helpful: Further Mathematics, Design and Technology (Resistant Materials)	PAT	[blank]	
Mathematics	A*A*A with the A*s in Mathematics and Further Mathematics if taken (see page 100 [printed edition page number])	Essential: Mathematics
Recommended: Further Mathematics	MAT	[blank]	
Mathematics and Computer Science	A*AA (with A*A in Mathematics and Further Mathematics (FM) or A* in Mathematics if FM is not taken)	Essential: Mathematics
Recommended: Further Mathematics	MAT	[blank]	
Mathematics and Philosophy	A*A*A with the A*s in Mathematics and Further Mathematics if taken (see page 104 [printed edition page number])	Essential: Mathematics
Recommended: Further Mathematics	MAT	[blank]	
Mathematics and Statistics	A*A*A with the A*s in Mathematics and Further Mathematics if taken (see page 106 [printed edition page number])	Essential: Mathematics
Recommended: Further Mathematics	MAT	[blank]	
Medicine	A*AA (excluding Critical Thinking and General Studies and at least an A in both Chemistry and one or more of Biology, Physics or Mathematics)	Essential: Chemistry with either Mathematics or Biology or Physics	BMAT	[blank]	
Modern Languages	AAA	Essential: One or more modern languages (depending on course choice)	MLAT	Two/three pieces	
Modern Languages and Linguistics	AAA	Essential: A modern language (depending on course choice)
Helpful: English Language, Mathematics, a science or any other language	MLAT	One/three pieces	
Music	AAA	Essential: Music
Recommended: ABRSM Grade V keyboard ability or above	[blank]	Two pieces	
Oriental Studies	AAA	Helpful: A language	OLAT for some options (see page 120 [printed edition page number])	Two pieces	
Philosophy and Modern Languages	AAA	Essential: A modern language (depending on course choice)	MLAT (including a Philosophy test)	One/two pieces	
Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE)	AAA	Helpful: Mathematics, History	TSA	[blank]	
Philosophy and Theology	AAA	Helpful: A subject involving essay writing	Philosophy test (see page 128 [printed edition page number])	One piece	
Physics	A*AA (with the A* in Physics, Mathematics or Further Mathematics)	Essential: Physics and Mathematics
Recommended: Mathematics Mechanics modules
Helpful: Further Mathematics	PAT	[blank]	
Physics and Philosophy	A*AA (with the A*in Physics, Mathematics or Further Mathematics)	Essential: Physics and Mathematics
Recommended: Mathematics Mechanics modules
Helpful: An arts subject and Further Mathematics	PAT	[blank]	
Psychology
(Experimental)	A*AA	Recommended: One or more science subjects (including Psychology) or Mathematics	TSA	[blank]	
Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics	A*AA	Recommended: For Psychology: one or more science subjects (including Psychology) or Mathematics
Helpful: For Linguistics: English Language, Mathematics, a science or any other language	TSA
MLAT (Linguistics only)	[blank]	
Religion and Oriental Studies	AAA	Helpful: A subject involving essay writing, a language	OLAT (Judaism and Islam only)	One piece	
Theology and Religion	AAA	Helpful: A subject involving essay writing	[blank]	One piece	
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Archaeology and Anthropology BA 3 Years
UCAS code: LV64
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
A background of studying both arts and science subjects can be helpful to students in completing the course, although there are no specific subject requirements for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 73%; Successful: 23%; Intake: 21
How to apply
Tests: None required
Written work: Two pieces of marked work, written over two weeks or less, and one shorter essay of no more than 500 words in response to a given question.
See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
Students must complete at least four weeks of approved fieldwork by the end of the second year. The cost of this will depend on the location. Funding is available from the University and potentially from your college to help with the costs.
Archaeology and anthropology together encompass the study of humankind from the origins of the human species to the present day. Both disciplines have a long history: archaeology grew from 18th-century antiquarianism, while anthropology began even earlier in the first days of colonial encounter. Today both subjects involve a range of sophisticated approaches shared with the arts, social sciences and physical sciences.
The Oxford degree is distinctive in the way it combines archaeology and anthropology throughout the course, offering an unusually broad perspective on human societies from earliest prehistory to the present. Six institutions specialise in these subjects: the Schools of Archaeology and of Social and Cultural Anthropology, the Ashmolean Museum, the Pitt Rivers Museum, the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, and the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art. All play a key role in the degree, are supported by world-class libraries and are well equipped with laboratories and computing resources.
Oxford's Archaeology and Anthropology course offers a comprehensive guide to the richness and diversity of human cultural experience throughout space and time. By choosing to study here you will be able to:
•	explore how humans evolved
•	get to grips with major transformational processes in human history such as the development of farming, the emergence of towns and
•	trading systems and the spread of world religions
•	assess the relative importance of environmental, genetic and social factors in understanding patterns of human growth and nutrition
•	learn why societies structure their families, economies and political systems in the ways that they do
•	investigate how material culture represents and reproduces beliefs and ideologies.
Fieldwork/international opportunities/work placements
As part of your course you will undertake at least four weeks of fieldwork anywhere in the world (subject to approval by tutors). Recent destinations include South Africa, Canada and Cuba. Fieldwork can take place in field settings, or in a laboratory or museum. Financial support for this fieldwork is available from the University and may be available from your college. You may also engage in fieldwork as part of your final-year dissertation, while other opportunities may exist for work-based learning in the University's museums.
A typical weekly timetable
Your work is divided among lectures, tutorials and practical classes. In the first year you will spend about six hours a week in lectures, closely tied to the course's core papers. Lectures for core and option papers take up about ten hours a week in years 2 and 3. Throughout the course, there are one or two tutorials a week, normally in a pair (typically a total of twelve in each term)
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What are tutors looking for?
Tutors will primarily be looking for an interest in, and enthusiasm for, the study of humans and their material culture, ideally from both humanities and science perspectives, combined with an ability to digest and assimilate significant quantities of data and to argue from evidence. You don't need any experience of archaeology or anthropology, but fieldwork experience and general reading in the subject further demonstrate your interest and commitment.
Our tutors will be looking for the following qualities at interview:
•	an ability to think independently
•	potential and motivation for studying archaeology and anthropology
•	enthusiasm and interest in the combined disciplines
•	commitment to the requirements of the course.
For further information on selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
A&A careers
Archaeology and Anthropology opens up a wide range of career opportunities, in part because the degree offers a unique perspective on how human societies operate and develop and on how people interact with each other. This is also due to the intellectually demanding requirements of an Oxford degree, and to its ideal combination of personal learning, independent study and tutorial teaching. Graduates of this course have found opportunities in heritage management, museum curation, education, regional archaeological services, international development, the Civil Service, advertising, marketing, computing, energy supply, community relations, the law and the media.
Oxford podcasts on iTunes
Audio and video podcasts are now available from the School of Archaeology. Interviews with Professor Barry Cunfiffe, Professor Mark Pollard, Professor Chris Gosden and Dr Wendy Morrison are available from the University of Oxford podcasts page or directly from iTunes at: podcasts.ox.ac.uk/units/institute-archaeology
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugarchant
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.arch.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 278246; ugsupport@arch.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course outline
1st year
Courses
Four core courses are taken:
•	Introduction to world archaeology
•	Introduction to anthropological theory
•	Perspectives on human evolution
•	The nature of archaeological and anthropological enquiry
Practical classes
Fieldwork
Assessment
First University examinations:
Four written papers
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Four core courses are taken:
•	Social analysis and interpretation
•	Cultural representations, beliefs and practices
•	Landscape and ecology
•	Urbanisation and change in complex societies
Options (three from a broad range of anthropological and archaeological courses)
Dissertation
A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations:
Seven written papers; dissertation (counting as the equivalent of two further papers)
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Biochemistry (Molecular and Cellular] MBIOCHEM 4 Years
UCAS code: C700
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA with A* in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry or Biology, or a closely related subject
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 7 in HL Chemistry and 6 in two other relevant subjects at HL or SL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Chemistry to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent, plus another science or Mathematics.
Mathematics to A-level or the equivalent is very helpful to students in completing the course and, although not required for admission, may make an application more competitive. Biology beyond GCSE or the equivalent (e.g. AS-level, Scottish Higher, Standard Level in the IB) can be helpful to students in completing the course, although is not required for admission.
More detailed information is available at: www.bioch.ox.ac.uk.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 64%; Successful: 17%; Intake: 103
How to apply
Tests: None required
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
Students in their fourth year undertake full-time research over an 18-week extended term. This means that your living costs will be higher in your final year.
The study of living things at the molecular level has undergone tremendous expansion in recent years, leading to ever-increasing insights into topics as various as the origin of life, the nature of disease and the development of individual organisms. Powerful new techniques, such as those of molecular genetics and NMR spectroscopy, enable us to analyse biological phenomena in more and more precise molecular terms. These studies have led to commercially valuable developments in drug design and synthesis, forensic science, environmental sensing and a whole range of other areas. Furthermore, advances in biochemistry are largely responsible for the breakdown of traditional boundaries between cell biology, medicine, physics and chemistry as their applications become increasingly wide reaching.
The Biochemistry Department in Oxford is one of the largest in Europe, and is subdivided into research areas: Cell Biology, Development and Genetics; Chromosomal and RNA Biology; Infection and Disease Processes; Microbiology and Systems Biology; and Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics. The department is extremely active in research, with about 300 postgraduate students and research staff. The breadth and excellence of these activities are reflected in the scope of the undergraduate course and underpin the teaching.
The department has superb research and teaching facilities and excellent IT resources together with access to a wide range of online and hard-copy journals.
An important aspect of the Oxford Biochemistry course is its fourth-year project, lasting 18 full-time weeks, which allows you to explore in detail both laboratory-based research and specific recent advances in biochemistry. You choose the project yourself. Under the supervision of a group leader, you will design your own experiments and will learn to plan research programmes and present your results and ideas - orally and in written form - to other workers in the field. The experience gained is much valued by employers. The project also gives you the opportunity to reflect on your aptitude and enthusiasm for a research career.
Research placements/ international opportunities
A wide choice of fourth-year research projects is available both within the Biochemistry Department and in related departments, such as Molecular Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, Pathology and Pharmacology. It is also possible to carry out your project outside the University or indeed the UK.
A typical weekly timetable
During years 1-3, your work is divided between lectures (about ten a week), tutorials and classes (one to three a week) and practicals (averaging one full day a week). The remaining time is spent on independent study (set reading or problem-solving exercises). In the fourth year, the project occupies you in full-time research for 18 weeks and the remainder of the year is spent in writing up your research project and studying
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specialist option topics. Your final degree class is derived from a combination of marks from courses taken in the second, third and fourth years.
What are tutors looking for?
As biochemistry is not taught as an A-level subject, tutors will not expect you to have a detailed knowledge of the subject. However, if you are shortlisted for interview, tutors will be looking for an informed interest in the subject (originating from news items, books, magazine articles etc) together with an ability to use information (from other school or college subjects, particularly Chemistry) to analyse and solve problems and to construct your own opinions. For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
Biochem careers
Biochemists are playing an increasingly wide role in biological, environmental and clinical fields, with employment areas stretching from healthcare through forensic science to the food and pharmaceutical industries. Typically about 60% of our biochemistry graduates go on to do research or further study, mostly in the biochemistry field, while others find employment in industry, commerce or other areas, such as finance and the law. Further details of careers in biochemistry can be found on the UK Biochemical Society website: www.biochemistry.org.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugbiochem
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.bioch.ox.ac.uk; admissions@bioch.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course outline
The course structure is currently under review, the results of which are likely to affect students starting from October 2020. Details will be on the department website (see above) as soon as they are available.
1st year
Courses
Five courses are taken:
•	Molecular cell biology
•	Biological chemistry
•	Biophysical chemistry
•	Organic chemistry
•	Mathematics and statistics
Assessment
First University examinations: Five written papers; satisfactory practical record
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Five courses are taken:
•	Structure and function of macromolecules
•	Energetics and metabolic processes
•	Molecular biology and genetics
•	Cell biology and integration of function
•	Data analysis and interpretation
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part I: Six written papers; satisfactory practical record
4th year (extended first term]
Courses
A research project (full-time, 18 weeks) plus two courses taken from a list of six options. The list typically includes subjects such as:
•	Bionanotechnology
•	Cancer biology
•	Clinical and applied immunology
•	Membrane transport
•	Neuropharmacology
•	Signalling and coordination in plants
•	Structural proteomics
•	Virology
These options are illustrative and may change (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part II: Project dissertation and oral presentation; options written papers and/or submitted coursework
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Biological Sciences BA 3 Years
UCAS code: C100
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA with the A* in a science or Mathematics
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 7 in HL Mathematics or a science
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Biology (or Human Biology) to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent. Another science or Mathematics are also recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 67%; Successful: 21%; Intake: 113
How to apply
Tests: None required 
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
All overseas work requires financial contributions from the student. Current costs are detailed at ox.ac.uk/ugbiosci: see Fees and Funding tab.
Biological sciences is an exciting and rapidly developing subject area. The study of living things has undergone tremendous expansion in recent years, and topics such as cell biology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology and ecology are advancing rapidly – all of these areas are covered in the taught course. This expansion has been accompanied by a blurring of the distinctions between disciplines: a biologist with an interest in tropical plants may well use many of the tools and techniques that are indispensable to a molecular geneticist and our modular structure encourages this cross-disciplinary approach.
The Biological Sciences degree is taught jointly by the Departments of Plant Sciences and Zoology. Additional resources include: Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Botanic Garden, Herbarium, Arboretum, the John Krebs field station and Wytham Woods.
Practical laboratory and fieldwork sessions are an integral part of teaching and there is a compulsory one-week field trip for all first-year students to Pembrokeshire to study ecology. Only the first two years have compulsory practical work, although two of our optional third-year courses involve overseas fieldwork. Practical work in the third year takes the form of a compulsory research project - this can be carried out in the lab or the field, either in the UK or abroad.
A typical weekly timetable
Almost all teaching takes place in the Science Area (page 192 [printed edition page number]) and in the first year can be broken down into the following categories:
•	Lectures: around ten hours a week
•	Practicals: around seven hours a week
•	Tutorials: one hour a week, plus preparation time.
In the second and third years, variable hours are also spent on research projects.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are looking for enthusiasm for biology and potential to study it at university. Interviews are not to test factual knowledge – they are designed to enable applicants to show an ability to think and to understand whatever facts have been encountered up to that time. Be prepared to talk intelligently about particular aspects of biology that are personally interesting. The process is rigorous but sympathetic. Applicants may be asked to examine and comment on biological objects, or to interpret a written passage or a simple set of data, provided during the interview.
For further information on selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
[45]
Biosci careers
Over half of Oxford biologists embark on a professional, scientific or technical career after graduating in areas such as industry, finance, medicine, the law, teaching, the media or conservation. More than a third go on to further study such as a research doctorate or a postgraduate course in an applied field.
After graduation, Jenny spent several years in a medical communication agency environment and now has her own business, working directly with major global pharmaceutical companies. She explains: 'The tutorial system and writing opportunities during my degree were critical in developing the skills needed to analyse and interpret data, present them clearly and concisely in context and discuss results of clinical trials.'
Hannah, now a research assistant at the Royal Veterinary College, reports: 'My degree gave me a keen interest in my subject and the skills to pursue it. So far I have tracked rhinos across deserts, chased birds across oceans, and am currently working with chickens!'
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugbiosci
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.biology.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 281 214; undergraduate.enquires@biology.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken:
•	Cells and genes
•	Organisms
•	Ecology and evolution
•	Quantitative methods (a two-year course, assessed during Final University examinations, Part I)
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers:
•	Organisms
•	Cells and genes
•	Ecology and evolution Satisfactory practical record
2nd year
Courses
Eight courses are offered. Students are encouraged to attend lectures on all themes.
Compulsory:
•	Evolution
•	Quantitative methods Themes:
•	Adaptations to the environment
•	Animal behaviour
•	Cell and developmental biology
•	Disease
•	Ecology
•	Plants and people
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part I: Three written papers:
•	Evolution paper
•	Essay paper covering the six
•	themes
•	Quantitative methods paper
Satisfactory practical record
3rd year
Courses 
Around 24 options are offered covering the full breadth of active research in the departments. Students are expected to take 6-8 of these specialist options, which are chosen freely. Two overseas field courses are also available but numbers able to attend are capped for logistical reasons.
A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part II: Four written papers:
•	A general paper
•	A data interpretation paper
•	A short essay-based paper
•	A long essay-based paper 
Two course assignments and research project (prepared work counts for 30% of overall assessment
[46]
Biomedical Sciences BA 3 Years
UCAS code: BC98
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA excluding Critical Thinking and General Studies. Candidates are required to have two of their A-levels from Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. We expect you to have taken and passed any practical component in your chosen science subjects.
Advanced Highers: AA Highers: AAAAA Candidates are required to have an Advanced Higher in at least one from Biology, Chemistry, Physics or Mathematics, and two Highers from Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics.
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL Candidates are required to have two subjects from Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics at Higher Level.
Or any other equivalent
If not taken on to a higher level (A-level or equivalent), all candidates will need to show that they have received a basic education (achieving at least a grade C/4 at GCSE, Intermediate 2 or Standard grade (Credit) or equivalent) in Biology, Chemistry, Physics (GCSE Dual Award Combined Sciences or equivalent is also acceptable) and Mathematics.
Please see www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/study/bms for further details.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 32%; Successful: 11%; Intake: 35
How to apply
Tests: BMAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number]and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
Some students opt to stay longer in Oxford at the end of year 2 to complete their project. This is not required, but can increase living costs.
Biomedical scientists focus on how cells, organs and systems function in the human body; an exciting and dynamic area that is highly relevant to the understanding and treatment of human diseases. This course does not provide a medical training.
Oxford is a highly respected and internationally recognised centre for biomedical research and on this interdisciplinary course students will receive the benefit of tuition from leading experts working within a variety of non-clinical and clinical departments.
This course provides students with an intellectually stimulating education in modern molecular, cellular and systems biology and neuroscience.
The course has been designed so that students first acquire an integrated understanding of biomedical science that allows them to shape their subsequent studies towards the topics that interest them the most.
As the course progresses, increasing emphasis is placed on relating knowledge to scientific research. That emphasis is demonstrated by the opportunity for all students to obtain first-hand experience of laboratory research in the later stages of the course. Students choose their own project and the possible areas for research within the University are wide ranging.
On the basis of the specialisation initiated by the selection of second-year modules and confirmed by the choice of third-year options, students will be awarded a degree in Neuroscience or Cell and Systems Biology.
For further details on the structure of the course, please refer to: www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/study/bms.
A typical weekly timetable
A first-year student would typically attend six to ten lectures, a Mathematics or Statistics class and a three-hour practical class. Practical work undertaken in laboratories forms an integral part of this programme; students are required to complete practical work to a satisfactory standard in order to progress through the degree course. In addition, students prepare for weekly tutorials during which students and tutors discuss, through consideration of experimental studies, the significance and limitations of a given topic. Students' remaining time is available for self-directed study and extra-curricular activities.
During the first two terms of the second year, work is divided between lectures (about five a week), tutorials (one or two a week) and practical classes. The final term of the second year concentrates on experimental research in a laboratory.
During the third year students attend lectures, seminars and tutorials in their chosen specialist area.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors look for lively, receptive minds with the ability to evaluate evidence critically. You should be able to consider issues from different perspectives and have a capacity for logical and creative thinking. BMAT results will be considered when shortlisting candidates for interview. For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
[47]
Biomedical careers
This course provides a strong foundation to pursue academic research, work in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors, or apply for an accelerated graduate entry course in medicine (page 108 [printed edition page number]).
Leaders in biometrical teaching and research
A flexible and modern under- graduate science programme at a university leading the way in biomedical teaching and research.
The Biomedical Sciences course at the University of Oxford is a basic science degree course, offering education in cell and systems physiology and neuroscience. It is not accredited by the Institute of Biomedical Science.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugbiomed
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/study/bms; bmsadmissions@medsci.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course outline
Terms 1-3 (1st year)
Courses
•	Numerical and scientific skills (Mathematics and Statistics, Chemistry and Physics)
•	Body and cells
•	Genes and molecules
•	Brain and behaviour
Assessment
Examined by five written papers at the end of the year.
A satisfactory practical record is required for progression to Year 2.
Terms 4-5: Part 1 Finals
Courses
Students select courses totalling ten units from a wide range of subject areas, which currently include:
•	Psychological processes and disorders
•	Neurophysiology
•	Cellular and systems physiology
•	Intra- and intercellular signalling
•	Genetics and developmental biology
•	Pharmacology
•	Cellular pathology and immunology
The full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Examined by two written papers at the start of Term 6. These papers contribute 20% to the final degree mark. An academic penalty will be applied for an unsatisfactory practical record.
Terms 6-9: Part 2 Finals
Term 6-8
Students work on their research project.
Terms 6-9
Options currently offered are:
•	Neuroscience (cellular and systems)
•	Molecular medicine
•	Cardiovascular, renal and respiratory biology
•	Infection and immunity
•	Cellular physiology and pharmacology
•	Experimental psychology
Cell and Systems Biology: students study two options from the above first five.
Neuroscience: students study the Neuroscience and Experimental psychology options.
Students select topics within an option to study in depth.
The full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Examined by four written papers during the third term of the final year. Students will also submit a project report and deliver a presentation on their research findings to the examiners.
80% of the final degree mark is determined by performance in the written papers and the project report/presentation.
[48]
Chemistry MCHEM 4 Years
UCAS code: F100
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*A*A (including Chemistry and Mathematics) with both A*s in science subjects and/or Mathematics
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB (including Chemistry and Mathematics)
IB: 40 (including core points) with 7 in HL Chemistry and EITHER 6/7 in HL Mathematics OR 7 in SL Mathematics plus a second science with 7 HL
Or any other equivalent
An additional science or Further Mathematics are also recommended
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 88%; Successful: 27%; Intake: 182
How to apply
Tests: TSA: section 1. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
Students in their fourth year undertake full-time research over three extended terms of 12-13 weeks each (38 weeks in total). This means that your living costs will be higher in your final year.
Chemistry is a wide-ranging science concerned with matter at the atomic and molecular scale. Important facets are synthesis, structure, microscopic mechanisms, properties, analysis and transformations of all types of materials.
Chemists are a constant source of innovation: it is hard to imagine any product introduced in recent times that did not require the creative efforts of a chemist. Chemistry underpins the conceptual framework and methodology of biochemistry and molecular medicine and is at the heart of many major industries.
A good Chemistry degree opens the door to an extensive choice of careers.
Teaching and research are closely linked: Oxford has one of the leading chemistry departments in the world with a state-of-the-art lab and international research in a broad range of areas including: synthesis and catalysis; medicinal and biological chemistry; sustainable energy; advanced materials; innovative measurement; and theoretical and computational chemistry. We expect to be teaching an exciting new practical course in a brand new lab from October 2018.
The department has an outstanding track record in commercialising the innovative work of research staff, which has raised millions of pounds for the University.
The MChem is a four-year course and is not modular, enabling us to explore the links within the subject. The core material is taken by all students, with opportunities to specialise later in the course. The fourth year (Part II) is devoted exclusively to research - a distinctive feature of Chemistry at Oxford since 1916.
A typical weekly timetable (years 1-3)
•	About ten lectures, at 9am and 10am
•	One or two tutorials in your college with set work to be completed in your own time
•	Two afternoons of laboratory work (11am to 5pm)
•	A problems class, e.g. a mathematics class in the first year.
The course is challenging but there is plenty of time for extra-curricular pursuits.
Work placements/international opportunities
Part II (the fourth year) involves full-time work with an established research group. There is the possibility of a few students spending time at laboratories in industry or at universities abroad. Many students find work placements during vacations – the Careers Service helps with this – and there are some opportunities within the department.
What are tutors looking for?
•	Evidence of motivation
•	Academic excellence
•	Potential for advanced study
•	Capacity to analyse, explain and use your knowledge
•	Readiness to have a go at problems even when you cannot see how.
For further information on selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
[48]
Chemistry careers
Chemistry provides an excellent opportunity for the development of your critical faculties and intellect, and also instils important transferable skills that will serve you well, whatever your subsequent choice of career. About 55% of our Chemistry graduates go on to do research or further study. Others enter professions such as publishing and marketing, banking and finance, manufacturing, IT, the law, and teaching.
Long term, more than half our graduates remain in posts related to chemistry in some way. The Royal Society of Chemistry provides further information about careers using chemistry at www.rsc.org.
Amazing chemistry at Oxford
The fourth year is entirely devoted to a research project. This unique feature of the degree can be a life- changing experience.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugchem
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.chem.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 272568; admissions@chem.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
The practical element of this course is currently under review. Up-to-date details on any course changes as well as options can be found on the course website (see above).
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken:
•	Inorganic chemistry
•	Physical chemistry
•	Organic chemistry
•	Mathematics for chemistry
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers; satisfactory practical record
2nd year
Courses
Core material, including courses on:
•	Theoretical chemistry
•	Biological chemistry
•	Molecular spectroscopy
•	Synthetic chemistry
•	Practical work
Optional supplementary subject course
Assessment
Part IA examinations: Three written papers; continuous assessment of practicals but overall results are not calculated until the end of the 3rd year
3rd year
Courses
Further core material, plus advanced courses with a choice from a wide variety of options
Optional supplementary subject course
Assessment
Part IB examinations: Seven written papers; continuous assessment of practicals
4th Year (extended terms)
Research
Full-time research under the supervision of a member of the academic staff
Optional supplementary subject course
Assessment
Part II examination: Dissertation; oral examination; determination of the class of honours degree
For the most up-to-date details on assessment, please refer to the course website.
[50]
Classical Archaeology and Ancient History BA 3 Years
UCAS code: VV14
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent
A classical language, Classical Civilisation or Ancient History can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 90%; Successful: 22%; Intake: 20
How to apply
Tests: None required
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
At the end of the first year, you will attend an archaeological fieldwork project. You will receive a grant (currently £1,000) from the faculty towards your fieldwork, but may need to budget for additional costs depending on your choice of project.
The course combines study of the history, archaeology and art of the classical world. It looks at the societies and cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world through their written texts, visual art and material remains, and has at its centre the two classical cultures of Greece and Rome. It is aimed at anyone interested in investigating ancient civilisations and their remains: from Greek temples and Roman amphitheatres to wall paintings and the poignant residues of everyday life. While it is primarily a historical and non-linguistic degree, ancient languages can be used and learned as part of the course.
The degree is taught through a mixture of tutorials, lectures and classes. Some cover specifically archaeological or historical approaches to ancient Mediterranean cultures, but the degree is unique in also offering courses that combine both approaches. In every year of the course there are classes led by both an archaeologist and a historian, which are designed to give an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to the topics studied.
The University's resources for this combined subject are excellent in terms of both library facilities, especially the Sackler Library, and the range and number of postholders in the two fields. The Ashmolean Museum also contains wide-ranging collections of art and artefacts from classical cultures.
Fieldwork and international opportunities
There are two practical elements – two weeks at the end of the first year spent on an archaeological field project, and the preparation of a report in the second and third years focusing either on a particular ancient site or on an artefact or set of artefacts in a museum of your choice.
A typical weekly timetable
First year:
•	lectures (four-six per week)
•	team-taught classes (one per week for the first two terms)
•	tutorials (one every one to two weeks) and/or language classes.
Second and third years:
You will take six options and produce a site or museum report. Currently, the options are chosen from:
•	integrated classes, bringing together historical and archaeological approaches to a particular period
•	core papers, which deal with central topics in Greco-Roman studies
•	further papers, which allow you either to build up concentrated expertise in some central areas and periods or to extend into earlier and later periods, and into non-classical cultures
•	Greek or Latin language papers.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are looking for intellectual potential, the specific visual, textual and reasoning abilities required for this course and, of course, serious interest in and commitment to both classical archaeology and ancient history.
Tutors will consider all the available information – past and predicted examination results, the personal statement, academic reference, submitted written work and interviews – to assess your potential to benefit from the course, to be a good tutorial student, and to attain good results in examinations.
[51]
The weight given to the different criteria will vary according to your individual background and circumstances.
For further information on selection criteria, see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
CAAH careers
Some CAAH graduates go on to further study and research to become professional archaeologists and historians. Others move into different areas, including museum curation, heritage management, education, finance, advertising, publishing, the Civil Service and the law. Recent CAAH graduates include a financial adviser, a teacher and a curator. Sarah became a personal adviser. She says: 'My degree at Oxford provided the challenging environment in which I developed the skills I later needed to successfully complete Reed's rigorous application procedure.
Sackler Library
The Sackler Library is a principal research library of the University specialising in Archaeology Art History and Classics (Ancient History and Literature).
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugcaah
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oxford and Cambridge Classics Open Day in Cambridge: 16 March 2018 – booking required; www.classics.ox.ac.uk/admiss-open.html 
Course details: www.classics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288372; undergraduate@classics.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken.
Core elements:
•	Aristocracy and democracy in the Greek world, 550-450 BC
•	Republic to empire: Rome, 50 BC to AD 50
•	Current optional elements:
•	Archaeology: Homeric archaeology and early Greece from 1550 to 700 BC; Greek vases; Greek sculpture c600- 300 BC; Roman architecture
•	History: Thucydides and the West; Aristophanes' political comedy; Cicero and Catiline; Tacitus and Tiberius
•	Ancient Languages: Beginning Ancient Greek; Beginning Latin; Intermediate Ancient Greek; Intermediate Latin; Advanced Ancient Greek; Advanced Latin
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Six courses are taken from a wide choice of options. These currently include:
•	Rome, Italy and the Hellenistic East, 300-100 BC
•	Imperial culture and society, c AD 50-150: Archaeology and history
•	The Greeks and the Mediterranean world, c950-500 BC
•	Greek art and archaeology, c500-300 BC
•	Cities and settlement under the Empire
•	Art under the Roman Empire, AD 14-337
•	Archaeology of the late Roman Empire, AD 284-641
•	Thucydides and the Greek world, 479-403 BC
•	Alexander the Great and his early successors
•	Roman history 146-46 BC
•	Egyptian art and architecture
•	Archaeology of Minoan Crete, 3200-1000 BC
•	Etruscan Italy, 900-300 BC
•	Science-based methods in archaeology
•	Greek and Roman coins
•	Mediterranean maritime archaeology
•	Epigraphy of the Greek and/or Roman world
•	Athenian democracy in the classical age
•	Sexuality and gender in Greece and Rome
•	Cicero: Politics and thought in the late Republic
•	Religions in the Greek and Roman world, c31 BC-AD 312
•	St Augustine and the Last Days of Rome, AD 370-430
•	Intermediate Ancient Greek or Latin
•	Advanced Ancient Greek or Latin
•	Research for a site or museum report
More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Six written papers; one site or museum report
[52]
Classics (Literae Humaniores] BA 4 Years Classical Languages and Literature, Ancient History, Classical Archaeology, Philology, Ancient and Modern Philosophy
UCAS codes: Q800 (Course I) or Q810 (Course II)
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL (and an aggregate of 12 in Latin and Greek, if taken)
Or any other equivalent
For Course I, candidates should normally have Latin and/or Greek to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or equivalent. Course II is for candidates with no or lesser experience of these languages.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 96%; Successful: 38%; Intake: 116
How to apply
Tests: CAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Classics (Literae Humaniores) is a wide-ranging degree devoted to the study of the literature, history, philosophy, languages and archaeology of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. It is one of the most interdisciplinary of all subjects, and offers the opportunity to study two foundational ancient civilisations and their reception in modern times. The degree permits students also to take extensive options in modern philosophy, a flexibility which makes Oxford's Literae Humaniores different from most other Classics courses.
Oxford has the largest Classics department and programme of courses in the world, with outstanding teaching, library and museum resources, including the Sackler and Bodleian Libraries, the Ashmolean Museum and a designated Classics Centre. The degree involves extensive study of ancient languages, with a view to studying texts in the original. Applications are welcomed from candidates with and without prior knowledge of Greek and/or Latin. The breadth of options available means you can study papers ranging from Homeric Archaeology to Byzantine Literature, and the four-year course allows all students to explore the various disciplines within this vast subject and to engage with their particular interests within the classical world in real depth.
The Philosophy Faculty is the largest in the UK and one of the largest in the world, with more than 70 full-time members and admitting around 450 undergraduates annually to read the various degrees involving Philosophy. Many faculty members have a worldwide reputation. The large number of undergraduates and graduates reading Philosophy with a variety of other disciplines affords the opportunity to participate in a diverse and lively philosophical community.
Fieldwork/international opportunities
Fieldwork is not a requirement in any part of the course, but some undergraduates may participate in archaeological excavations.
A typical weekly timetable
Your time is divided between lectures, tutorials and private study. Most of your work will be in preparation of essays for your tutorials, although systematic language-learning and reading of texts also require considerable time and effort.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are looking for potential and an enquiring mind, and a real commitment to this wide-ranging subject. For information about the selection criteria see ox.ac.uk/criteria.
Classics careers
The breadth of subjects studied and variety of skills learned to a high level leave Classics graduates in high demand among employers. Occupations for Classics graduates have recently included teaching, the Civil Service, finance, the media, software development, film production, conducting, NHS administration, consultancy, accountancy, the law, medicine, publishing and further classical study.
[53]
Menai is a project manager for Kent County Council. She says: 'I joined Kingfisher Retail and subsequently WHSmith. I then worked for a charity and finally moved to local government. The training in logical thinking and a questioning approach I developed while studying for my degree have been invaluable.'
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugclassics
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oxford and Cambridge Classics Open Day in Cambridge: 16 March 2018 – booking required www.classics.ox.ac.uk/admiss-open.html 
Course details: www.classics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288372; undergraduate@classics.ox.ac.uk; www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/courses
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
Course IA 
(Latin and Greek, for those who have studied Latin and Greek to A-level or equivalent)
Terms 1–5 Courses
•	Homer’s Iliad
•	Virgil’s Aeneid
•	Texts and contexts: integrating literary/ archaeological material
•	A special subject in Philosophy (ancient or modern)
•	A classical special subject: historical, archaeological or philological
Work on the Greek and Latin languages
Terms 1–5 Assessment
First University examinations IA: Ten papers, including four language papers (Latin and Greek)
Terms 6–12 Courses
Choose eight options from more than 80 in the following subjects (no area is compulsory; in most of these subjects it is possible to offer an undergraduate thesis in place of one of the papers):
•	Greek and Roman history (choose up to five): some are period papers, others topic-based
•	Philosophy (choose up to five ancient): numerous ancient and modern options; up to four can be in modern Philosophy
•	Greek and Latin literature (choose up to five)
•	Greek and Roman archaeology (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Philology and Linguistics (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Second classical language: Course II students can take up the second classical language if they wish (will count as two papers in the final exam)
Terms 6–12 Assessments
Final University examinations: Eight exam subjects taken, with the possibility of offering one paper as a thesis. For some Literature options instead of a three-hour paper, assessment involves the composition of one long essay over a three-week period.
The options listed here are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the Classics website (details above).
Course IB 
(Latin and Greek, for those who have studied only Latin to A-level or equivalent)
Terms 1–5 Courses
•	Homer’s Iliad
•	Virgil’s Aeneid
•	Texts and contexts: integrating literary/ archaeological material
•	A special subject in Philosophy (ancient or modern)
•	A classical special subject: historical, archaeological or philological
Work on the Greek and Latin languages
Terms 1–5 Assessments
First University examinations IB: Ten papers, including four language papers (Greek language work at a less advanced level than IA, Latin at the same level as IA)
Terms 6–12 Courses
Choose eight options from more than 80 in the following subjects (no area is compulsory; in most of these subjects it is possible to offer an undergraduate thesis in place of one of the papers):
•	Greek and Roman history (choose up to five): some are period papers, others topic-based
•	Philosophy (choose up to five ancient): numerous ancient and modern options; up to four can be in modern Philosophy
•	Greek and Latin literature (choose up to five)
•	Greek and Roman archaeology (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Philology and Linguistics (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Second classical language: Course II students can take up the second classical language if they wish (will count as two papers in the final exam)
Terms 6–12 Assessments
Final University examinations: Eight exam subjects taken, with the possibility of offering one paper as a thesis. For some Literature options instead of a three-hour paper, assessment involves the composition of one long essay over a three-week period.
The options listed here are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the Classics website (details above).
Course IC 
(Latin and Greek, for those who have studied only Greek to A-level or equivalent)
Terms 1–5 Courses
•	Homer’s Iliad
•	Virgil’s Aeneid
•	Texts and contexts: integrating literary/ archaeological material
•	A special subject in Philosophy (ancient or modern)
•	A classical special subject: historical, archaeological or philological
Work on the Greek and Latin languages
Terms 1–5 Assessments
First University examinations IC: Ten papers, including four language papers (Latin language work at a less advanced level than IA, Greek at the same level as IA)
Terms 6–12 Courses
Choose eight options from more than 80 in the following subjects (no area is compulsory; in most of these subjects it is possible to offer an undergraduate thesis in place of one of the papers):
•	Greek and Roman history (choose up to five): some are period papers, others topic-based
•	Philosophy (choose up to five ancient): numerous ancient and modern options; up to four can be in modern Philosophy
•	Greek and Latin literature (choose up to five)
•	Greek and Roman archaeology (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Philology and Linguistics (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Second classical language: Course II students can take up the second classical language if they wish (will count as two papers in the final exam)
Terms 6–12 Assessments
Final University examinations: Eight exam subjects taken, with the possibility of offering one paper as a thesis. For some Literature options instead of a three-hour paper, assessment involves the composition of one long essay over a three-week period.
The options listed here are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the Classics website (details above).
Course IIA 
(Latin only, for those who have not studied Greek or Latin to A-level or equivalent)
Terms 1–5 Courses
•	Virgil’s Aeneid
•	Special subjects and Texts and contexts (as Course I)
•	Work on the Latin language
Terms 1–5 Assessments
First University examinations IIA: Seven papers, including two language papers
Terms 6–12 Courses
Choose eight options from more than 80 in the following subjects (no area is compulsory; in most of these subjects it is possible to offer an undergraduate thesis in place of one of the papers):
•	Greek and Roman history (choose up to five): some are period papers, others topic-based
•	Philosophy (choose up to five ancient): numerous ancient and modern options; up to four can be in modern Philosophy
•	Greek and Latin literature (choose up to five)
•	Greek and Roman archaeology (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Philology and Linguistics (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Second classical language: Course II students can take up the second classical language if they wish (will count as two papers in the final exam)
Terms 6–12 Assessments 
Final University examinations: As Course I, but Latin only, unless you take optional second classical language
Course IIB 
(Greek only, for those who have not studied Latin or Greek to A-level or equivalent)
Terms 1–5 Courses
•	Homer’s Iliad
•	Special subjects and Texts and contexts (as Course I)
•	Work on the Greek language
Terms 1–5 Assessments
First University examinations IIB: Seven papers, including two language papers
Terms 6–12 Courses
Choose eight options from more than 80 in the following subjects (no area is compulsory; in most of these subjects it is possible to offer an undergraduate thesis in place of one of the papers):
•	Greek and Roman history (choose up to five): some are period papers, others topic-based
•	Philosophy (choose up to five ancient): numerous ancient and modern options; up to four can be in modern Philosophy
•	Greek and Latin literature (choose up to five)
•	Greek and Roman archaeology (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Philology and Linguistics (choose up to two, plus a thesis if you wish)
•	Second classical language: Course II students can take up the second classical language if they wish (will count as two papers in the final exam)
Terms 6–12 Assessments
Final University examinations: As Course I, but Greek only, unless you take optional second classical language
[54]
Classics and English BA 3 Years (Course I) Or 4 Years (Course II)
UCAS codes:
QQ38 (Classics and English)
QQH8 (Classics II and English)
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL (with an aggregate of 12 in Latin and Greek, if taken)
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have English Literature, or English Language and Literature, to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. Applicants for Course I would be expected to have Latin and/or Greek to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. Course II is designed for candidates with no experience of studying the classical languages.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 82%; Successful: 27%; Intake: 11
How to apply
Tests: CAT and ELAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Classics and English appeals to those interested in the interactions of historically diverse literary cultures. English may be taken with Latin or Greek or both. Course I is for candidates with an A-level or equivalent in either Latin or Greek or both: this is a three-year course. Course II is for those who have not had the opportunity to study either language at school or college. It includes a preliminary year, in which students learn Latin or Greek alongside some study of classical literature, so this course lasts four years.
Oxford has a long and distinguished tradition of research and teaching in both Classics and English, and possesses remarkable library provision in both subjects.
The first year of the course (which follows the preliminary year of language learning for those taking Course II) is divided between the classical and English elements. The highlight of the Classics and English course is the link papers, which are studied over the second and third years. They provide an opportunity to compare texts from both sides of the course and to study classical influence. Further papers are also chosen from each of the 'parent' subjects.
A typical weekly timetable
Students usually have two tutorials a week, plus language classes. They are often (but not always) working on two papers simultaneously. Most students attend three to four lectures a week and produce around twelve pieces of written work during a term.
What are tutors looking for?
Successful candidates will be expected to display competence in Latin or Greek (or general language aptitude if applying for Course II). They will have read widely in English and classical literature (in the original or translation), and will enjoy talking and writing about literature and approaches to it. Shortlisted candidates may be asked to discuss a piece of prose or verse, supplied before or in the interview.
For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
[55]
C&E careers
Many graduates in Classics and English have entered fields such as teaching, the media, management, advertising and librarianship, or have continued to further study in their subject.
Philip, now a writer, says: 'Since graduating I have embarked on a career in writing and journalism. I have published two novels, write for a wide range of magazines and papers, and am a Contributing Editor to Literary Review, the Periscope Post and Port. My degree helped me develop the analytical, presentational and linguistic skills that are paramount in the media world.'
From a C&E student
“Classics & English at Oxford is an excellent course for those who have a real interest in how the two subjects interact; not only through the fascinating range of link papers available, but also through the number of other papers associated with only one half of the course.
There is so much choice, and such personalised teaching due to the small year size, that there are always opportunities to specialise in your own interests, which is a real privilege. I have also been able to study both Greek and Latin from scratch since starting at Oxford, which makes for a deep understanding of classical and modern languages, and a far richer understanding of literature”. India, Course II
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugce
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oxford and Cambridge Classics Open Day in Cambridge: 16 March 2018 – booking required www.classics.ox.ac.uk/admiss-open.html 
Course details: www.classics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288372; undergraduate@classics.ox.ac.uk
www.english.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271055; undergrad@ell.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Five papers are taken:
•	Introduction to English Language and Literature
•	Literature in English 1550-1660
•	Unseen translation for Classics
•	Greek and/or Latin literature (two papers)
Note: Course II students spend an additional preliminary year learning Latin or Greek, alongside some study of classical literature.
Assessment 
Four written papers form the First University Examination, together with a submitted portfolio of two essays for Introduction to English Language and Literature.
All exams must be passed, but marks do not count towards the final degree.
2nd and 3rd years
Course
Seven papers are taken:
•	Two link papers, one compulsory (Epic), and a choice from Comedy, Tragedy, Reception
•	Two papers from the English single honours course, including one period paper not taken in the first year
•	One core paper in Latin or in Greek literature
•	One Classics option
•	Dissertation of 8,000 words, either interdisciplinary or focused on English or Classics
More information on current options is available on the Classics course website (details above).
Assessment
Up to three papers examined as coursework (extended essays and dissertation). The remaining papers will then be examined by final written examinations
[56]
Classics and Modern Languages BA 4 or 5 Years including a year abroad
UCAS code: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL.
Or any other equivalent.
Candidates are not required to have studied Greek or Latin at the point of application. Course I is designed for candidates with Greek and/or Latin to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or equivalent. Course II is tailored for candidates without an A-level or other qualifications in either Greek or Latin. Course II candidates would usually be expected to have studied the modern language before, or to speak it at home or school.
For French, German, Russian and Spanish
Candidates would usually be expected to have the language to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another academic equivalent.
For Czech, Modern Greek, Italian and Portuguese
Candidates may apply with an A-level or equivalent in the relevant language or for a beginners' course, which allows students to start studying one of these languages from scratch. Beginners' courses are not available to Course II candidates, who will be taking a beginners' course in Ancient Greek or Latin.
Course combinations
Classics (I or II) and:
Czech: QR87
French: QR81
German: QR82
Modern Greek: QQ87
Italian: QR83
Portuguese: QR85
Russian: QRV7
Spanish: QR84
Classics I and Beginners':
Czech: Q8R7
Modern Greek: QR8Y
Italian: QR38
Portuguese: QR8N
3-year average (2015-17))
Interviewed: 81%; Successful: 23%; Intake: 6
How to apply
Tests: CAT and MLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two to four pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Classics and Modern Languages enables you to combine study of Latin and/or Ancient Greek with a modern language. The course involves extensive study of major literary texts, alongside training in linguistic skills. Some papers on offer provide an opportunity to compare texts from both sides of the course, and to study classical influence on modern European literature.
Oxford has the largest Classics department in the world, and the Modern Languages Faculty is also one of the largest in the country, with a major research library and a well-equipped Language Centre. Undergraduates also develop oral proficiency in the modern language by regular contact with native speakers.
International opportunities
Students spend a year abroad before their final year. Please see Modern Languages (page 112 [printed edition page number]) for more information.
A typical weekly timetable
Your time is divided between lectures, language classes, tutorials and private study. Most of your work will be in preparation of essays for your tutorials and classes, although independent language work and systematic reading, not necessarily aimed at any particular tutorial, also requires a considerable input of time and effort.
What are tutors looking for?
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
[57]
CML Careers
Careers for CML graduates include the media, teaching, acting, management, advertising and librarianship, as well as working with international companies or organisations. Recent Classics and Modern Languages graduates include an investment manager and a trainee solicitor.
From a CML student
“I'd recommend CML to anyone passionate about languages and literature who likes to keep their area of study broad” Olivia
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugcml
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oxford and Cambridge Classics Open Day in Cambridge: 16 March 2018 – booking required www.classics.ox.ac.uk/ admiss-open.html
Modern Languages and joint courses Open Day: 28 April 2018 - booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details: www.classics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288372; undergraduate@classics.ox.ac.uk
www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Erasmus +
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for details of current Erasmus opportunities for this course.
Course structure
Two routes through the course, called 'options', are available to CML students. This is separate from whether you will study Course I (if you have studied Latin and/or Greek to A-level standard) or Course II (if you have not). You will be asked which route you wish to take only after you have applied to Oxford. The two routes are identical in their last two years, and lead to the same final exams; they differ only in their first one or two years.
Option A divides its time evenly between Classics (mostly language and literature) and Modern Languages. This option (also known as the 'Prelims route', because you will take a Preliminary Examination similar to that taken by Classics and English or Modern Languages students) lasts three years for Course I students, and four years for Course II students. (With the year abroad, this makes a total of four or five years.)
Option B begins with a focus on Classics. For the first five terms, students take all the same options in Greek and/or Latin language, literature, ancient history, archaeology, philology and ancient or modern philosophy as are available to students of Classics. This option (also known as the 'Mods route', because you will take Honour Moderations (first exams) in Classics identical to those taken by Classics students) lasts four years for students on both Course I and Course II. (With the year abroad, this makes a total of five years.)
Option A 1st year (Course I) or 1st and 2nd year (Course II)
Course II students spend a preliminary year studying Latin or Greek, then follow Course I
Courses
•	Translation from the ancient language(s) into English (one paper)
•	Literature in the ancient language or languages (two papers)
•	Practical language work for the modern language (two papers)
•	Literature in your modern language (two papers)
Assessment
First University examinations: Three papers in the ancient language; four papers in the modern language
Option B 1st and 2nd Year (Terms 1-5)
Courses
As for Classics (see entry for Classics (page 52 [printed edition page number]) for the first five terms). 
Course II students follow Classics Course II.
In addition, undergraduates normally maintain their modern language through language classes.
Assessment
First University examinations in Classics: Ten papers
Options A and B (plus Intercalated Year Abroad) Terms 4-9 (Option A Course I), 6-12 (Option B), or 7-12 (Option A Course II)
Courses
•	Classics (three/four papers): a core paper in Latin or in Greek literature, two or three Classics options
•	Modern Language (four/five papers)
•	Possibility of a paper or a long essay exploring the links between ancient and modern literatures
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Nine papers in total (eight compulsory, one optional) plus oral exam in the modern language. A thesis may be offered in place of one of the compulsory papers in Classics.
[58]
Classics and Oriental Studies BA 4 years (3 years if Oriental Studies is the main subject and no year abroad is taken)
UCAS codes:
Q8T9 (Classics with Oriental Studies)
T9Q8 (Oriental Studies with Classics)
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA (with As in Latin and Greek, if taken)
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB, with As in Latin and Greek, if taken 
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL and an aggregate of 12 in Latin and Greek, if taken 
Or any other equivalent
Candidates for Classics with Oriental Studies without an A-level or similar qualification in either Greek or Latin will follow Classics Course II – please see page 52 [printed edition page number] for details.
How to apply
Tests: Classics with Oriental Studies: CAT including part 3 (CLAT) for Arabic/Hebrew/Persian/Turkish options; Oriental Studies with Classics: OLAT (Arabic/Hebrew/Persian/Turkish options only). For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
This course allows you to combine the study of an Oriental language and culture with Latin and/or Greek and the study of the ancient world. There are two options: Classics with Oriental Studies (Q8T9) and Oriental Studies with Classics (T9Q8). In each case the subject mentioned first is the main subject (about two-thirds of the degree) and the second subject is an additional subject (about one-third of the degree).
Oxford is ideally placed for the combined study of Classics and Oriental Studies, not least in the numerous and varied teaching staff in each faculty, and the resources of the Ashmolean Museum and the Sackler Library.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are keen to find out about your linguistic ability and commitment to a wide-ranging course. Ability to sustain an argument is also important.
For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
COS Careers
Students develop good linguistic and analytical abilities and will be very attractive to employers from a wide variety of sectors. Knowledge of a modern language opens up opportunities for careers with international companies and organisations.
From a COS Student
“The Classics and Oriental Studies course is an enriching opportunity to broaden the usual frontiers of the study of Classics, by adding to it one language considered to be culturally external to the Greek and Roman civilisations. The languages to choose between are numerous, each of which has the potential to change your perspective both of Classics and of the world. On the other hand, the study of Classics will teach you a lot about how to look at the language of the Oriental Studies part. I am reading Classics IB with Arabic. Having chosen a linguistics paper for Mods (second-year examinations), which focuses on Indo-European, the study of Arabic, a Semitic and unrelated language, is fascinating. In many ways, this course can be remarkably stimulating for students who wish to learn about linguistics. You can choose to take Sanskrit or Armenian, for example, both instrumental in understanding Indo-European. The relationship between a language and its literature is also something which I find particularly interesting, and Latin, Greek and Arabic are an inviting combination of cases to observe. On an intellectual level, I find my course satisfactory because it is thorough: the fact that I must follow the Classics course until after the middle of second year means that my knowledge of Greek and Latin is stable and accurate when starting to learn Arabic. I also believe that the Classics with Oriental Studies course is interesting in times where cultural prejudices are commonplace. So far, this course has taught me that looking at some things from the outside is the finest lens to see through to their innermost workings. Overall, this external eye has helped me to think about the roots of civilisation and the relationship between language and society. Simply look at the name of the course: who are Classics classic for?” Dominique
[59]
Bodleian Oriental Institute Library
The Bodleian Oriental Institute Library has core collections comprising Islamic, South Asian and Jewish Studies.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugcos
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oxford and Cambridge Classics Open Day in Cambridge: 16 March 2018 – booking required www.classics.ox.ac.uk/admiss-open.html 
Oriental Studies Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required https://orinst.web.ox.ac.uk/article/open-days
Course details: www.classics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288372; undergraduate@classics.ox.ac.uk
www.orinst.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 278312; undergraduate.admissions@orinst.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Classics with Oriental Studies
1st Year, 2nd Year (Terms 1-5]
Courses
Follow the course for Classics (see page 52 [printed edition page number])
Assessment
First University examinations in Classics (see page 52 [printed edition page number])
2nd, 3rd and 4th Years (Terms 6-12]
Courses
Carry on with Classics options and start with chosen Oriental language from
•	Akkadian
•	Arabic
•	Aramaic and Syriac
•	Armenian
•	Coptic
•	Egyptian
•	Hebrew
•	Old Iranian
•	Pali
•	Persian
•	Sanskrit
•	Turkish
The options listed here are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Eight written papers (five in Classics, three in Oriental Studies); one paper may be substituted by a thesis
Oriental Studies with Classics
1st year
Courses
Select main language:
•	Akkadian
•	Arabic: This language include a year abroad in the second year
•	Egyptian
•	Hebrew	
•	Persian: This language include a year abroad in the second year
•	Sanskrit	
•	Turkish: This language include a year abroad in the second year
Assessment
First University examinations in Oriental Studies (see page 120 [printed edition page number])
2nd year(for languages with a year abroad]
Courses
Year abroad: approved course of language instruction
2nd and 3rd year (for languages without a year abroad] or 3rd and 4th year (for languages with a year abroad]
Courses
Carry on with Oriental Studies options and choose classical language: Greek or Latin
A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Eight to ten written papers (five to seven in Oriental Studies, three in Classics)
[60]
Computer Science BA 3 Years or MCOMPSCI 4 Years
UCAS code: G400
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA with the A* in Mathematics, Further Mathematics or Computing/Computer Science 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Mathematics to A-level (A or A* grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 7) or another equivalent. Further Mathematics is highly recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 28%; Successful: 8%; Intake: 31
How to apply
Tests: MAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Computer Science is about understanding computer systems and networks at a deep level. Computers and the programs they run are among the most complex products ever created; designing and using them effectively presents immense challenges. Facing these challenges is the aim of Computer Science as a practical discipline, and this leads to some fundamental questions:
•	How can we capture in a precise way what we want a computer system to do?
•	Can we mathematically prove that a computer system does what we want it to?
•	How can computers help us to model and investigate complex systems like the Earth's climate, financial systems or our own bodies?
•	What are the limits to computing? Will quantum computers extend those limits?
The theories that are now emerging to answer these kinds of questions can be immediately applied to design new computers, programs, networks and systems that are transforming science, business, culture and all other aspects of life.
Computer Science can be studied for three years (BA) or four years (Master of Computer Science). The fourth year allows the study of advanced topics and an in-depth research project.
Students do not need to choose between the three-year or four-year option when applying to the course; all students apply for a four-year course, and then decide at the start of the third year whether they wish to continue to the fourth year (which is subject to achieving a 2:1 at the end of the third year).
The course concentrates on creating links between theory and practice. It covers a wide variety of software and hardware technologies and their applications. We are looking for students with a real flair for mathematics, which you will develop into skills that can be used both for reasoning rigorously about the behaviour of programs and computer systems, and for applications such as scientific computing. You will also gain practical problem-solving and program design skills; the majority of subjects within the course are linked with practical work in our well-equipped laboratory.
A typical weekly timetable
During the first part of the course, your work is divided between lectures (about ten a week), tutorials (about two a week) and practical classes (about two sessions a week).
In tutorials you discuss ideas in depth with an experienced computer scientist, usually with just one or two other students. You will be expected to spend a considerable amount of time developing your own understanding of the topics covered in lectures, answering questions designed to check your understanding, and preparing for tutorials. As the course progresses, you will also begin to work in small classes (up to ten people) on more specialised topics. In the second year you will take part in a group design practical, many of which are sponsored by industry. In years three and four about a third of your time is spent working on your chosen individual project.
[61]
What are tutors looking for?
We look for proven mathematical flair, the ability to think and work independently, the capacity to absorb and use new ideas, and enthusiasm. We use these criteria and the Mathematics Admissions Test (MAT) results to decide whom to interview.
At interview, we explore how you tackle unfamiliar problems and respond to new ideas; we are more interested in how you approach problem-solving than the solution. We don't require any previous formal qualification in computing, but we do expect a real interest in the subject.
CS Careers
Common roles for graduates include computer programmer, software designer and engineer, financial analyst and scientific researcher.
Graduates in Computer Science from Oxford were the top earners in the 2017 Sunday Times league table of graduate salaries. Six months after graduation our students had achieved a mean salary of £45,000, higher than graduates of all other UK undergraduate degree courses.
Amazing Computer Science at Oxford
We’re changing the world: modelling the human body in the fight to cure cancer; programming swarms of autonomous helicopters that can find survivors in disaster zones; ensuring privacy online.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugcs
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Computer Science Open Day: 12 May 2018 – booking required www.cs.ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.cs.ox.ac.uk/ugadmissions; +44 (0) 1865 273821 / 273863; undergraduate.admissions@cs.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Core courses (100%):
•	Continuous mathematics
•	Design and analysis of algorithms
•	Digital systems
•	Discrete mathematics
•	Functional programming
•	Imperative programming
•	Introduction to formal proof
•	Linear algebra
•	Probability
Assessment
Four exam papers
2nd year
Courses
Core courses (50%):
•	Algorithms
•	Compilers
•	Concurrent programming
•	Models of computation
Current options (50%) include:
•	Computer architecture
•	Computer graphics
•	Computer networks
•	Databases
•	Intelligent systems
•	Logic and proof
The courses listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Four exam papers
3rd year
Courses
Current options (67%) include:
•	Computational complexity
•	Machine learning
•	Computer security
•	Computer-aided formal verification
•	Geometric modelling
•	Knowledge representation and reasoning
•	Lambda calculus and types
•	Principles of programming languages
Project work (33%)
The courses listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Ten exam papers plus project report
4th year
Courses
Current options (62%) include:
•	Automata, logic and games
•	Advanced security
•	Categories, proofs and processes
•	Computational game theory
•	Computational learning theory
•	Computer animation
•	Concurrent algorithms and data structures
•	Database systems implementation
•	Probabilistic model checking
•	Probability and computing
•	Quantum computer science
•	Requirements
Project work (38%)
The courses listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Five take-home exams or written papers plus project report
[62]
Computer Science and Philosophy BA 3 Years or MCOMPPHIL 4 Years
UCAS code: IV15
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA with the A* in Mathematics, Further Mathematics or Computing/Computer Science 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Mathematics to A-level (A or A* grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 7) or another equivalent. Further Mathematics is highly recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 41%; Successful: 14%; Intake: 10
How to apply
Tests: MAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding 
Artificial intelligence (AI), logic, robotics, virtual reality: fascinating areas where Computer Science and Philosophy meet. There are many others, since the two disciplines share a broad focus on the representation of information and rational inference, embracing common interests in algorithms, cognition, intelligence, language, models, proof and verification. Computer scientists need to be able to reflect critically and philosophically about these, as they push forward into novel domains. Philosophers need to understand a world increasingly shaped by technology, in which a whole new range of enquiry has opened up, from the philosophy of AI, to the ethics of privacy and intellectual property.
Some of the greatest thinkers of the past – including Aristotle, Hobbes and Turing – dreamed of automating reasoning and what this might achieve; the computer has now made it a reality, providing a wonderful tool for extending our speculation and understanding.
The study of Philosophy develops analytical, critical and logical rigour, and the ability to think through the consequences of novel ideas and speculations. It stretches the mind by considering a wide range of thought on subjects as fundamental as the limits of knowledge, the nature of reality and our place in it, and the basis of morality. Computer Science is about understanding computer systems at a deep level. Computers and the programs they run are among the most complex products ever created. Designing and using them effectively presents immense challenges. Facing these challenges is the aim of Computer Science as a practical discipline.
Both subjects are intellectually exciting and creative. The degree combines analytical and technical knowledge with rhetorical and literary skills, and the chance to study within two internationally acclaimed academic departments.
Computer Science and Philosophy can be studied for three years (BA) or four years (Master of Computer Science and Philosophy). Students do not need to choose between the three-year or four- year option when applying: all students apply for a four-year course, and then decide at the start of the third year whether they wish to continue to the fourth year (which is subject to achieving a 2:1 at the end of the third year).
The first year covers core material in both subjects, including a bridging course studying Turing's pioneering work on computability and artificial intelligence. Later years include a wide range of options, with an emphasis on courses near the interface between the two subjects. The fourth year allows the study of advanced topics and an in-depth research project.
A typical weekly timetable
For the first two years, your work is divided between lectures (about ten a week), tutorials in your college (two or three a week) and Computer Science practical classes (about one session a week). In the second year you will take part in a Computer Science group design practical, many of which are sponsored by industry. In your third and fourth years the Philosophy courses continue similarly, but most Computer Science courses are run as classes in the department rather than tutorials.
[63]
What are tutors looking for?
For Computer Science: strong mathematical aptitude, the ability to think and work independently, the capacity to absorb and use new ideas, and enthusiasm. For Philosophy: a critical and analytical approach to abstract questions, the ability to defend a viewpoint by reasoned argument, and a desire to delve deeper into the way we think about things. You do not need to have previously studied either subject.
CSP Careers
Graduates will have highly marketable skills. Computer Science teaches you how to program, to design processes that are effective and efficient, to reason logically and formally. Philosophy teaches how to analyse complex concepts and the interconnections between them and – crucially – how to express this analysis, elegantly and precisely, in written form.
This ability to analyse complex issues, both technically and discursively, provides the intellectual equipment needed for technical leadership and high-level positions in today's complex world.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugcsp
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Computer Science Open Day: 12 May 2018 – booking required www.cs.ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.cs.ox.ac.uk/ugadmissions; +44 (0) 1865 273821 / 273863; undergraduate.admissions@cs.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Computer Science:
•	Functional programming
•	Design and analysis of algorithms
•	Imperative programming
•	Discrete mathematics
•	Probability
Philosophy:
•	General philosophy
•	Elements of deductive logic
•	Turing on computability and intelligence
Assessment
Five written papers
2nd year
Courses
Computer Science core courses (25%):
•	Models of computation
•	Algorithms 
Computer Science options (25%): 
•	Current options include:
•	Compilers
•	Concurrent programming
•	Databases
•	Intelligent systems
Philosophy (50%): 
Current options include:
•	Knowledge and reality
•	Early modern philosophy
•	Philosophy of science
•	Philosophy of mind
•	Ethics
The courses listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Two Computer Science papers
3rd year
Courses
Computer Science (25-75%):
Current options include:
•	Computational complexity
•	Machine learning
•	Computer-aided formal verification
•	Computers in society
•	Knowledge representation and reasoning
Philosophy (25-75%):
Current options include:
•	Philosophical logic
•	Philosophy of cognitive science
•	Philosophy of mathematics
•	Philosophy of logic and language and many others
The courses listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Between nine and eleven three-hour written papers, including at least two in Computer Science and at least three in Philosophy
4th year
Courses
Computer Science:
Current advanced options include:
•	Advanced security
•	Automata, logic and games
•	Computational game theory
•	Computational learning theory
•	Concurrent algorithms and data structures
•	Quantum Computer Science
•	Optional Computer Science project
Philosophy: 
Advanced options in Philosophy; 
Optional Philosophy thesis
The courses listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Computer Science: written paper or take-home exam; Philosophy: three-hour written paper and 5,000-word essay
[64]
Earth Sciences (Geology] BA (Geology] 3 Years or MEARTHSCI 4 Years
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA/AAAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent Candidates are required to have Mathematics plus Physics or Chemistry either to A-level, Advanced Higher,
Higher Level in the IB, or an equivalent qualification. Chemistry or Physics are also highly recommended as a third subject. Biology, Geology or Further Mathematics can also be helpful to candidates in completing this course.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 91%; Successful: 28%; Intake: 31
How to apply
Tests: None required
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
There are several compulsory field courses outside term. Costs of travel and accommodation are covered by the department, although students must provide suitable attire and sometimes their own lunch. The final term of this course is a week longer than usual, which may lead to slightly higher living costs.
The Earth Sciences are changing rapidly in scope and nature. The course at Oxford reflects these changes, and provides sound and broadly based scientific training. Students are trained in the skills required for the interpretation of rock materials and geological phenomena as well as applying theory and techniques from physics, chemistry, materials science and biology to the study of the Earth and the environment.
The department has an international reputation, and houses state-of-the-art laboratories and computing facilities. Students, teachers and visitors mix and work together. Offices and teaching labs are close together but with plenty of shared open space, so you will become part of a vibrant community. This creates an atmosphere in which a student does not only learn the basics, but also gets some feel for the discoveries emerging from current research.
The diversity of the subject is reflected in the range of courses which cover processes from the Earth's interior, as mapped by seismic waves, to the evolution of the Earth's crust documented in the rocks at the surface, to ocean and atmospheric circulation, through to the evolution of life on Earth.
Fieldwork/international opportunities
The Earth Sciences course includes several excursions. These link closely to material covered in lectures, and convey the practice of geology, geophysics, geochemistry and palaeontology in the field environment. This work culminates in an independent project to study and map an area chosen by the student. Many of the field excursions take place out of term time, so students must be available outside term.
A typical weekly timetable
During years 1-3, your work is divided between lectures, tutorials, and practical classes. In year 4 you have the opportunity for independent work on special topics or in a research laboratory.
Application information
Students can apply for a three-year BA in Geology or a four-year MEarthSci. These are the same for the first three years. If students are not sure which course they would prefer, it is best to apply for the MEarthSci, as it is easier to transfer to the BA later on. Continuation to 4th year and the MEarthSci is dependent on satisfactory performance in the 3rd year. Students who do not meet the MEarthSci requirements will be awarded the BA Geology.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are looking for highly motivated individuals with the intellectual skills necessary to do well on the course. As part of the interview process, candidates may be asked to comment on geological specimens, or carry out simple calculations, but always with due recognition of their previous knowledge of the subject being discussed.
For information about selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
[65]
ESG Careers
Typical destinations for Earth Sciences graduates include the energy industry, the environmental sector and engineering/ technical consultancies. Some enter unrelated professions, in which the analytical and problem-solving skills they have developed are highly sought after. Around 40% continue to study, through a PhD or further master's course.
Martin works in the mining industry for De Beers Canada as a Field Geologist. He says: 'My Oxford degree helped me to develop the knowledge, understanding and confidence to approach geological problems in a critical and informed manner. I appreciate the course's focus on both the theoretical and practical side of geology.'
Rachael works for BP as a geoscientist. She says: 'I am currently working as an Operations Geologist in London for a project based in North Africa. My degree gave me the technical basis for my career, but more importantly it taught me how to think out complex issues from basic principles and to motivate myself to produce the best results I can.'
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugearth
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.earth.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 272040; enquiries@earth.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Students take all courses in five parallel streams:
•	Planet Earth
•	Fundamentals of geology I
•	Fundamentals of geology II
•	Physics, chemistry and biology for Earth Sciences
•	Mathematics for Materials and Earth Sciences
Field courses
•	Pembroke field course (pre-session)
•	Arran field course (introduction)
•	Local field courses
Assessment
First University Examinations: Theory and Practical
2nd year
Courses
Students take all courses in five parallel streams:
•	Earth deformation and materials
•	Palaeobiology
•	Petrology
•	Geochemistry and ocean chemistry
•	Mathematical and geophysical tools
Field courses
•	Dorset field course
•	Assynt field course (mapping)
Assessment
Part A1 Examinations: Theory and Practical
3rd year
Courses
Students take a combination of core and optional papers from the following:
•	Natural resources
•	Sedimentary basins
•	The oceans
•	Climate
•	Seismology and earth structure/ Vector calculus
•	Geodynamics and continental deformation
•	Volcanology, igneous processes and petrogenesis
•	Evolutionary turning points/ Vertebrate palaeobiology
•	Earth materials, rock deformation and metamorphism
Field courses
•	South-east Spain field course
Independent field mapping project (conducted over summer break between 2nd and 3rd years) Extended essay
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Part A2 Examinations: Theory, Practical for Field course: BA (Geology)
4th year
Courses
Students choose four options (currently out of eight to ten), generally two in each term:
•	Anatomy of a mountain belt
•	Planetary chemistry
•	Structure and dynamics of the Earth's mantle
•	Records of major environmental change in Earth's history
•	Palaeobiology
•	Environmental, rock and palaeomagnetism
•	Topics in oceanography
•	Topics in volcanology
Field courses Optional field courses as announced each year 
Independent work Research project over 2.5 terms
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. A. full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Part B Examination: (Theory) MEarthSci (Earth Sciences)
[66]
Economics and Management BA 3 Years
UCAS code: LN12
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA including Mathematics at grade A or above 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are required to have Mathematics to A-level (A* or A grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 6 or 7) or another equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 25%; Successful: 7%; Intake: 83
How to apply
Tests: TSA. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Economics studies how consumers, firms and governments make decisions that together determine how resources are allocated. An appreciation of economics helps to make sense of government policy-making, the conduct of businesses and the enormous changes in economic systems which are occurring throughout the world.
Management is concerned with the effective use and coordination of materials and labour within organisations in the pursuit of the organisation's defined objectives. It considers the inter-relationship and interactions between distinct parts of an organisation, and between the organisation and its environment. Management students look at theories, models and frameworks in order to understand how managers behave and consider their role in the process of decision-making.
This top-ranking Economics and Management undergraduate degree programme examines issues central to the world: how the economy and organisations function, and how resources are allocated and coordinated. Economics and Management are ideal intellectual partners. Economics provides a broad understanding of economic activity within which all organisations function; Management in turn analyses the character and goals of that functioning.
The lectures and seminars are provided by the Department of Economics and the Said Business School.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Six lectures and two tutorials or classes
•	Preparation for the tutorials and classes: reading, writing essays, solving problem sets; up to two and a half days for each tutorial or class
•	Discussing the essay or the problems in the tutorial or class
What are tutors looking for?
•	An interest in and a motivation for studying the organisation of businesses and the economy
•	Independence and flexibility of mind
•	An ability to analyse and solve problems logically and critically
•	A capacity to construct and critically assess arguments
•	A willingness and an ability to express ideas clearly and effectively both on paper and orally.
The interview is not primarily a test of existing knowledge and, in particular, is not a test of economics or management, unless these subjects have been studied before.
From an E&M student
“It's not just about doing the work – it's about engaging fully in the subject. You're going to discuss this subject each week with a world expert, who is passionate about it as well.” Dara
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E&M Careers
Graduates in Economics and Management are among the most sought after by employers. Their current employers include leading international organisations in traditional activities, as well as new start-up companies in a variety of high-tech fields. Recent graduates have secured positions in banking and finance, consultancy, research and teaching as well as a wide range of other sectors.
Dean is an analyst for Greenhill & Co, a leading independent mergers and acquisitions advisory firm. He says: 'Oxford provided an unparalleled opportunity to enhance my self-confidence, develop thorough analytical skills and hone my ability to communicate in a clear and articulate manner – prerequisites for a career in investment banking.'
Top-Rated Degree
Oxford's undergraduate degree in Economics and Management is ranked number one in the 2018 Guardian league table for degrees in business, management and marketing.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugem
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.economics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271098 econundergrad@economics.ox.ac.uk
www.sbs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288800
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Three courses are taken:
•	Introductory economics
•	General management
•	Financial management
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Compulsory courses:
•	Microeconomis
•	Macroeconomics
•	Quantitative economics
Optional courses, of which at least two must be in Management. Choose from more than 20 options papers. Current options include:
•	Strategic management
•	Finance
•	Organisational behaviour
•	Marketing
•	Economics of Industry
•	International economics
•	Development economics

The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the Said Business School website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: The three core Economics papers and five optional papers (including at least two from Management) are examined by written examinations. It is possible to write a thesis in either Economics or Management in place of one optional paper.
[68]
Engineering Science MENG 4 Years
UCAS codes: see table
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*A*A to include Mathematics and Physics. The A*s must be in Mathematics, Physics or Further Mathematics
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 40 (including core points) with 776 at HL (with 7s in HL Mathematics and Physics)
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Physics and Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. Inclusion of Mathematics Mechanics modules is highly recommended. Further Mathematics can be helpful to students in completing this course, although it is not required for admission. Details of the requirements for other qualifications, including the Advanced Diploma in Engineering, can be found at www.eng.ox.ac.uk.
For candidates who are predicted A*AA serious consideration will be given to extenuating circumstances, such as disruption to education or bereavement, which have led to under-performance in exams and which are described in their application. Any offer would be conditional on achieving A*A*A.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 49%; Successful: 18%; Intake: 167
How to apply
Tests: PAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Course options
Engineering Science H100
Biomedical Engineering H811
Chemical Engineering H800
Civil Engineering H200
Electrical Engineering H620
Information Engineering H630
Mechanical Engineering H300
Engineering Science encompasses a vast range of subjects, from micro-electronics to offshore oil platforms, and involves the application of creative reasoning, science, mathematics (and of course experience and common sense) to real problems.
The Department of Engineering Science at Oxford has a top-level quality assessment rating for teaching, and a world-class reputation for research. Because we believe that future engineering innovation will benefit from broad foundations as well as specialised knowledge, teaching is based on a unified course in Engineering Science, which integrates study of the subject across the traditional boundaries of engineering disciplines. Links between topics in apparently diverse fields of engineering provide well-structured fundamental understanding, and can be exploited to give efficient teaching.
The Engineering Science programme is a four-year course, leading to the degree of Master of Engineering. The first two years are devoted to topics which we believe all Engineering undergraduates should study. In the third and fourth years there is scope for specialisation into one of six branches of engineering: Biomedical, Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Information and Mechanical. Decisions about which of these will be your specialisation can be deferred until the third year. In the fourth year there may be opportunities to study abroad.
The course is accredited every four years by the major engineering institutions in respect of the initial requirements for the designation of chartered engineer.
Industrial experience is an extremely important adjunct to an academic engineering education, and under- graduates are strongly encouraged to obtain it. One way to do so is by being sponsored. Further information is generally available through your careers teacher, or from the engineering institutions.
If your sponsoring company wants you to spend a year with them before university, you will be asked to declare this at your interview and in your UCAS application.
A typical weekly timetable
As a guide, in an average week you will have approximately ten lectures and two college tutorials or classes. In some weeks in the first two years you will also have up to five hours of practical work.
What are tutors looking for?
Enthusiasm for engineering combined with high ability in mathematics and physics is essential for those wishing to study any engineering course. These qualities will be tested at the interview and combined with an assessment of your predicted and attained examination performance (especially in mathematics and physics, and your PAT score) to decide who will be offered places.
[68]
ES Careers
Oxford Engineering Science graduates work in many different sectors such as banking and investment, consultancy, accountancy, IT and computing, energy and the environment.
However, as you may expect, most go on to work in the engineering and manufacturing sector. Some decide to continue their studies at Oxford, or elsewhere, by working towards a doctorate.
Mark now works as a race strategy modeller at Ferrari and says: “My work involves applying mathematical techniques to a variety of engineering problems related to Formula One cars. One recent example has been with race strategy, where we try to choose the optimum times to pit the car throughout a race and the best tyres to put on. I believe the reputation of the Oxford engineering degree was an important factor in securing a job in Formula One.”
No. 1 in the world
Oxford is ranked first in the world for general engineering in the 2018 Times Higher Education subject league tables.
SET awards success
These are Europe's most important science, engineering and technology awards for undergraduates.
A small number of students from Oxford's Department of Engineering Science choose to enter for these awards each year, gaming recognition for themselves and the department.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/uges
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.eng.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 273006; faculty.office@eng.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
•	Mathematics
•	Electrical and information engineering
•	Structures and mechanics
•	Energy and the environment
•	Engineering practical work
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers; Assessment of Engineering practical work
2nd year
Courses
•	Mathematics
•	Electrical and information engineering
•	Structures, materials and dynamics
•	Energy systems
•	Engineering practical work
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part A: Four written papers; Assessment of Engineering practical work
3rd year
Courses
•	Five optional Engineering courses
•	Engineering in society
•	Engineering computation
•	Engineering practical work
•	Group design project
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part B: Six written papers; Assessment of Engineering practical work; Project reports (Engineering Computation and Design Project)
4th Year
Research
A major project, plus six specialist courses chosen from within the areas of:
•	Biomedical engineering
•	Chemical engineering
•	Civil engineering
•	Electrical engineering
•	Engineering mathematics
•	Information engineering
•	Mechanical engineering
•	Production engineering
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part C: Six written papers; Project report
[70]
English Language and Literature BA 3 Years
UCAS code: Q300
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have English Literature, or English Language and Literature to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. A language or History can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 59%; Successful: 23%; Intake: 226
How to apply
Tests: ELAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One piece See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living, costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The English Language and Literature course is one of the broadest in the country, giving you the chance to study writing in English from its origins in Anglo-Saxon England to the literature of the 20th and early 21st centuries. As well as British literature, you can study works written in English from other parts of the world. The course also allows you a considerable degree of choice about the topics you would like to concentrate on. Studying literature at Oxford involves the development of sophisticated reading skills and of an ability to place literary texts in their wider intellectual and historical contexts. It also requires you to consider the critical processes by which you analyse and judge, to learn about literary form and technique, and to study the development of the English language.
The Oxford English Faculty is the largest English department in Britain. All Oxford colleges have at least two tutors in English who are responsible for tutorial teaching in their own college. Many also give lectures to all students in the English Faculty. You therefore have the opportunity to learn from a wide range of specialist teachers.
Library provision for English at Oxford is exceptionally good. All students have access to the Bodleian Library, the English Faculty Library, other faculty libraries and their own college libraries. The English Faculty has long pioneered the use of electronic resources in teaching, and has a wide range of resources and facilities. The faculty building has its own computer room and all colleges have computing facilities for undergraduates to use.
In your first year you will be introduced to the conceptual and technical tools used in the study of language and literature, and to a wide range of different critical assumptions and approaches. At the same time, you will be doing tutorial work on early medieval literature, Victorian literature and modern literature up to the present day.
In your second and third years you will extend your study of English literary history in four more period papers ranging from late medieval literature to the Romantic age. These papers are assessed by three-hour written examinations at the end of your third year. You will also produce a portfolio of work on Shakespeare; an essay (or occasionally an examination) relating to a Special options paper with topics based on faculty research expertise; and an 8,000-word dissertation on a subject of your choice. Submitted work will constitute almost half of the final assessment for most students.
Alternatively, in the second and third years, you can choose to follow our specialist course in Medieval Literature and Language, whose papers cover literature in English from 650-1550 along with the history of the English language up to 1800, with a further paper either on Shakespeare or on manuscript and print culture. You will also take a Special options paper and submit a dissertation on a topic of your choice.
[71]
A typical weekly timetable
Although details of practice vary from college to college, most students will have one or two tutorials and classes each week. A tutorial usually involves discussion of an essay, which you have produced based on your own reading and research that week. You will normally be expected to produce between eight and twelve pieces of written work each term.
Most students also attend three or four lectures each week.
What are tutors looking for?
Successful candidates will tend to be those who can give evidence of wide, enthusiastic and thoughtful reading. Tutors appreciate that you may be nervous in interview. You should not be afraid to defend your views or to suggest authors whose work you would particularly like to discuss. Shortlisted candidates may be asked to discuss a piece of prose or verse supplied before or in the interview.
For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
ELL Careers
A number of English graduates (about 7%) choose to undertake research, while many more use the communication and analytical skills they develop at Oxford in a range of careers including advertising, acting, publishing, teaching, librarianship, public relations, journalism, the law, management consultancy and finance.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugenglish
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.english.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271055; undergrad@ell.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four papers are taken:
•	Introduction to English Language and Literature
•	Early medieval literature 650-1350
•	Literature in English 1830-1910
•	Literature in English 1910-present day
Assessment
Three written papers form the First University Examination, together with a submitted portfolio of two essays for Introduction to English Language and Literature.
All exams must be passed, but marks do not count towards the final degree.
2nd year
Courses
Course I:
•	Literature in English 1350-1550
•	Literature in English 1550-1660
•	Literature in English 1660-1760
•	Literature in English 1760-1830 
Course II:
•	Literature in English 650-1100
•	Medieval English and related literatures 1066-1550
•	Literature in English 1350-1550
•	The history of the English language to c1800
3rd year
Courses
Course I:
•	Shakespeare (may also be studied in the 2nd year)
Course II:
•	The material text or Shakespeare (choice of option)
Both courses:
•	Special options paper
•	Dissertation
More information on current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment (3rd year)
All period papers will be examined by final written examinations at the end of the third year.
Most students will submit one extended essay for Special options, due in at the end of the first term; dissertation and portfolio for Shakespeare/The material text, due during the second term.
[72]
English and Modern Languages BA 4 years with a year abroad English and either Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish
UCAS codes: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have English Literature, or English Language and Literature, to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 66%; Successful: 20%; Intake: 20
How to apply
Tests: ELAT and MLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One to three pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Course combinations
You can either study English with a Modern Language you already speak, or with a Modern Language you'd like to learn from scratch.
For the following course combinations you would usually be expected to have the Modern Language to A-level, or another academic equivalent.
English and:
Czech QR37
French QR31
German QR32
Modern Greek QQ37
Italian QR33
Portuguese QR35
Russian QRH7
Spanish QR34
The following course combinations allow you to begin studying a Modern Language from scratch.
English and:
Beginners' Czech QR3S
Beginners' Modern Greek QR39
Beginners' Italian RQ33
Beginners' Portuguese QR3M
The English side of the course offers you a choice from a list of papers covering all literature written in the English language from its origins in Anglo-Saxon through to works produced in English-speaking countries across the world in the present day. The Modern Language side of the course will give you practical linguistic training, encourage you to think coherently about language as a subject of study and introduce you to an extensive and fascinating field of Western literature and thought.
The English Faculty is the largest in the UK, and the Modern Languages Faculty is one of the largest, with both faculties including major scholars in all areas of the respective subjects. Students thus have access to a range of expert tutors. Library provision at Oxford is excellent: all students have access to the English Faculty Library, the Taylor Institution Library (for languages), the Bodleian Library and their own college libraries.
The course is extremely flexible. In the first year you will do practical work in your chosen language and study a selection of important texts from its literature. On the English side, you will be introduced to the conceptual and technical tools used in the study of language and literature, and to a wide range of different critical assumptions and approaches. You will also do tutorial work on either early medieval, Victorian or modern literature. In the second year, a wide range of options opens up for you. Language work in your modern language will continue and you will study literature from a wide range of periods in English and in your language. The third
[73]
year of this four-year course is spent abroad – see below. On your return, you will choose from a range of special option papers in both English and Modern Languages, and in comparative literature.
International opportunities
Students spend a year abroad before their final year. Please see Modern Languages (page 112 [printed edition page number]) for more information.
A typical weekly timetable
Most students will have one or two tutorials a week as well as compulsory language classes. Typically, students also attend three to four lecture courses per subject.
What are tutors looking for?
Successful candidates will have an aptitude for their modern language, will read widely and will enjoy writing and talking about literature and language. Candidates who are shortlisted may be asked to talk about a piece of prose or verse supplied before or in their interview.
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
EML Careers
Graduates in English and Modern Languages go on to careers in fields including broadcasting, publishing, teaching, journalism, the theatre, administration, management, advertising, translation, librarianship and the law. Knowledge of a modern language opens up opportunities for internationally focused careers and working with international companies or organisations.
More About
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugeml
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Modern Languages and joint courses Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details: www.english.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271055; undergrad@ell.ox.ac.uk
www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Erasmus +
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for details of current Erasmus opportunities for this course.
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Six papers are taken:
•	Introduction to English Language and Literature
•	One period paper from single honours English Language and Literature (see page 70)
•	Two practical languages papers
•	Two literature papers in modern languages
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Six written papers form the First University Examination including a submitted portfolio of two essays for Introduction to English Language and Literature.
All exams must be passed, but marks do not count towards the final degree
2nd and 4th years (3rd year spent abroad]
Courses
•	Three papers from single honours English Language and Literature (see page 70)
•	Dissertation
•	Modern Language (four papers) including: practical language work (two papers plus oral examination), a period of literature and options (prescribed authors and texts from the 12th to 20th centuries, a special subject or a linguistics paper)
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Papers will be examined by extended essays over the course of the second and fourth years, and by practical and written examinations at the end of your fourth year.
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European and Middle Eastern Languages BA 4 years with a year abroad Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish, with either Arabic, Hebrew, Persian or Turkish
UCAS codes: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent
You would usually be expected to have the European language to A-level, or another academic equivalent. We would not normally expect you to have any knowledge of the Middle Eastern language before starting the course.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 90%; Successful: 31%; Intake: 15
How to apply
Tests: MLAT and OLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Course combinations
Czech and Arabic RT7Q
Czech and Hebrew RQ7K
French and Arabic RT16
French and Hebrew RQ14
German and Arabic RT26 
German and Hebrew RQ24
Modern Greek and Arabic QT76 
Modern Greek and Hebrew QQ74
Italian and Arabic RT36
Italian and Hebrew RQ34
Portuguese and Arabic RT56
Portuguese and Hebrew RQ54
Russian and Arabic RT76
Russian and Hebrew RQ74
Spanish and Arabic RT46
Spanish and Hebrew RQK4
Czech and Persian RTT6
Czech and Turkish RTRP
French and Persian RTC6
French and Turkish RT1P
German and Persian RT2P
German and Turkish RT2Q
Modern Greek and Persian QT7P
Modern Greek and Turkish QT7Q
Italian and Persian RTH6
Italian and Turkish RT3P
Portuguese and Persian RTM6
Portuguese and Turkish RT5P
Russian and Persian RT7P
Russian and Turkish RTR6
Spanish and Persian RT4P
Spanish and Turkish RTK6
How to apply
Tests: MLAT and OLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
This course in European and Middle Eastern Languages (EMEL) enables students to combine papers in one of the languages taught in the Faculty of Modern Languages with papers in Arabic, Hebrew, Persian or Turkish, providing opportunities to take advantage of the cultural links which exist between a number of European and Middle Eastern languages. For example, appropriate combinations might well be French and Arabic, German and Turkish, or Hebrew and Russian, but even some of the less obvious pairings would provide similar cultural and historical linkage. So, Spanish and Turkish would be an interesting combination for the history of Sephardi Judaism, while Persian and Portuguese are important for the study of early imperialism.
Through its long-standing traditions and more recent gifts, Oxford has outstanding resources for the study of Middle Eastern and modern European languages. The Bodleian Library and Taylor Institution Library (for languages) have a magnificent collection of books and manuscripts. The Taylor Institution Library is one of the biggest research and lending libraries devoted to modern European languages in the world. Associated with the University is the Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, which houses the
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International opportunities
You will normally spend your second year on an approved course of study in the Middle East. There are arrangements in place with partner universities to help you make the most of your time abroad. You are strongly advised to spend the adjacent summers in a country where the European language of your choice is spoken.
A typical weekly timetable
Your work is divided between language classes, lectures and tutorials (one or two a week). In the first year, the emphasis is on intensive learning of the Middle Eastern language. Throughout your course, you will prepare essays for your weekly tutorials and classes.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors will be looking for a good command of the grammar of any language you have already studied at school or college and want to continue studying at Oxford, in addition to an interest in literature and culture.
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
EMEL careers
Oxford graduates in these subjects regularly go into highly competitive areas such as the law, finance, commerce, management consultancy, accountancy, the media, advertising, the Foreign Office and the arts.
Recent European and Middle Eastern Languages graduates include a Foreign Office diplomat, a translator at the UN and a journalist at a foreign news channel.
Accelerated Language Learning
Start a Middle Eastern language from scratch and within a year you'll be studying full authentic texts.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugemel
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oriental Studies Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required https://orinst.web.ox.ac.uk/article/open-days 
Modern Languages and joint courses Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days
Course details: www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk 
www.orinst.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 27831 2; undergraduate.admissions@orinst.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
European languages: two language papers and one literature paper
Middle Eastern language: intensive language learning
Assessment
First University examinations: Five written papers; plus oral/aural examination (Arabic only)
2nd year
Courses
For the Middle Eastern Language, students attend an approved course of language instruction in the Middle East.
For the European Language, students are encouraged to spend as much of their vacation time as possible in a relevant country.
Refer to sections on Oriental Studies (page 120) and Modern Languages (page 112).
Assessment
Qualifying examination at the end of the 2nd year course (Middle Eastern language only)
3rd and 4th years
•	Practical language work in the European language
•	Period of literature and further paper chosen from a wide range of options in the European language
•	Practical language work in the Middle Eastern language
•	Three papers including literature and a range of options in the Middle Eastern language
•	Extended essay on a topic bridging the European and the Middle Eastern language
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Nine written papers are taken including a bridging extended essay;
Oral exam (both languages, but not Hebrew on the Middle Eastern side)
[76]
Fine Art BFA 3 Years
UCAS code: W100 (no deferred applications accepted)
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent
It is highly recommended for candidates to have studied Art at A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent and to take an Art Foundation course.
Applicants interested in applying for Fine Art who are studying for a BTEC National Extended Diploma (BTEC) will, as other candidates, have to submit a portfolio of work, and any offer will require candidates to achieve DDD grades. As the Fine Art degree also includes a substantial history and theory component, BTEC applicants will be expected to have successfully completed a range of modules that include art history.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 22%; Successful: 11%; Intake: 28
How to apply
Tests: No pre-interview tests
Written work: None required You must submit a portfolio and, if shortlisted, sit a practical test. For details visit: www.rsa.ox.ac.uk
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Fine Art is the making and study of visual art. It educates and prepares students to become artists and to follow other practices that are aligned to the making of art. The curriculum is centred on the individual student's potential and imagination.
The Ruskin School of Art offers a three-year studio-based BFA course in which students work alongside each other in collaboratively organised studios. Whereas many fine art courses run in an environment devoted exclusively to art and design, Ruskin students, as members of a collegiate university, have the advantage of contact with their contemporaries on all of Oxford's other courses.
The Ruskin course aims to develop strong independent points of view and a mature grasp of the range of critical debate surrounding contemporary art and its many international histories. Oxford's short terms, coupled with the ambitious atmosphere at the Ruskin, suit highly motivated and resourceful students with a good sense of how to organise their time both in and out of Oxford.
The first year of the course is structured to introduce students to each other, to the resources of the school and to the staff involved in teaching and running the Ruskin. Students will familiarise themselves with their fellow students' work, take part in group criticism and engage in intensive dialogue with tutors and visiting artists.
The intimate working environment of the school, arranged in two buildings, allows art history, theory and criticism to be treated as integral to the development of studio work. The Ruskin also enjoys a strong and constructive relationship with Modern Art Oxford (an exciting and influential contemporary art space) and students have full access to the many exceptional University libraries and museums, including the Ashmolean.
A typical weekly timetable
Most students' weeks will typically consist of several, or all, of the following: a history and theory lecture and seminar, a group critique of student art work, a one-to-one studio-based tutorial focusing on the individual student's art work, a skills-based workshop, and a talk by a visiting artist or lecturer. Students spend much of their time working in their own studio spaces, where they are supported by specialists in the art-making tools, concepts, ideas and associated techniques available at the Ruskin.
What are tutors looking for?
All applicants are required to submit a portfolio of their art work. Tutors look for work that goes beyond the mere fulfilment of school curricula. The Ruskin seeks evidence of a breadth of engagement, a sense of purpose and an emerging artistic voice in the way the portfolio is edited. Candidates who are shortlisted are asked to bring a small number of additional recent pieces of their work to discuss during interview.
For further information about selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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Fine Art careers
After graduation, most students go on to work in fine art as practising artists, teachers and art writers, or as curators in public and private galleries and for arts councils and organisations. Many also pursue careers in academia, architecture and the film industry.
We maintain close ties with former students and keenly follow their developing careers.
Holly Muir, 2016 BFA graduate, says: 'Unlike most other art courses in the UK, the Ruskin does not require you to specialise in any particular medium. The freedom of this approach really appealed to me as I wanted the chance to determine how my work developed without an academic structure. As someone who loves reading and writing, the interesting blend of academic and practical that this course offers was perfect for me.'
Many Ruskin students have won or been shortlisted for several prestigious awards and art prizes. Ruth Spencer Jolly (BFA 2016), Melanie Eckersley (BFA 2015) and Emily Motto (BFA 2014) were amongst the Bloomberg New Contemporaries in their year of graduation. Elizabeth Price (BFA 1988) won the Turner Prize in 2012. Conrad Shawcross (BFA 1999) won the Jack Goldhill Award for Sculpture in 2014.
In 2016, Helen Marten (BFA 2008) won the Turner Prize and the Hepworth Prize for Sculpture.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugfineart 
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.rsa.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276940; info@rsa.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Top-Rated Art School in the UK
The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide and The Complete University Guide have both placed the Ruskin as the leading art school in the UK in 2015, 2016 and 2017.
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Students develop their studio work in discussion with the school's lecturers, tutors and visiting staff. They are allocated a tutor at the outset, who monitors progress, sets targets and directs them in their studies. Work is regularly presented and discussed at group critiques involving staff and students from across the school. Alongside this, workshops and projects designed to introduce a range of techniques and approaches are offered throughout the year. In addition, students attend taught practical classes in drawing and human anatomy as well as lectures, seminars and tutorials in art history. Experimentation is highly encouraged.
Assessment
Practical studio-based work, human anatomy
Three submitted essays
One written paper in the history and theory of visual culture
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Years two and three are similar in structure and continue the tutorial system introduced in the first year. All students are required to continue the study of art history and theory and to submit three essays during the course of the second year. In the first term of the third year they agree an extended essay title with their tutor. This essay is submitted at the end of the second term of the third year as part of the Final Examination. Students are expected to establish a strong bond between the interests of the essay and their studio studies.
Assessment (2nd year)
Satisfactory record in all areas of the course
Assessment (3rd year)
A final exhibition and a supporting portfolio of work made during the second and third years 
An extended essay
One written paper in the history and theory of visual culture since 1900
[78]
Geography BA 3 years
UCAS code: L700
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 points with 766 at higher level 
Or any other equivalent 
It is highly recommended for candidates to have Geography to A-level, Advanced Higher or Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 74%; Successful: 21%; Intake: 76
How to apply
Tests: please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Geography is a diverse discipline that bridges the arts and social and natural sciences, providing a broad education and addressing pressing issues including environmental change, regional and global inequalities and the transformation of global economy and culture. Students obtain a coherent view of the rapidly changing world and the ways in which society influences and is influenced by it.
The Oxford Geography degree focuses on the interrelationships between society and the physical and human environment. Students are introduced to the full range of geographical topics in the foundational courses, which they can then follow up in more detail in the optional papers. There is considerable emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches in the course, with opportunities to explore the cross-fertilisation between Geography and other disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, history, political science, economics, earth sciences and biology.
The facilities available are among the best in the country, notably:
•	the Radcliffe Science Library (RSL), which holds a geography collection of over 28,000 volumes on its open shelves with many more held in closed stack storage. There are over 100 print journals on the open shelves of the RSL as well as electronic access to over 600 core journals;
•	well-equipped Geolabs for practical physical courses and individual research projects.
Fieldwork and international opportunities
The School of Geography and the Environment emphasises the importance of fieldwork since it believes there is no substitute for teaching subjects at first hand. In the first year, all students take part in a four-day physical geography field trip at the start of term and local skills-related field days. Second-year students will undertake a week-long overseas residential field course (currently to Berlin and Tenerife). Independent research in the field or in archives is a key element of the dissertation. Each year, around 30% of our undergraduates choose to do their dissertation overseas.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Lectures in the morning
•	Seminars/practical classes in the afternoon
•	Tutorials: at least one college tutorial a week, and some college-based classes.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are looking for students who match academic achievement with enthusiasm, commitment and an awareness of the world around them.
For further information see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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GEO careers
Geography graduates have a broad set of transferable skills including literacy, numeracy and graphicacy, along with their experience of research projects and working in groups. Some graduates are able to use their geographical knowledge directly in their work or in higher degrees. In recent years Geography graduates have proceeded to employment in management consultancy, local and central government, conservation and heritage management, the law, the media, teaching and research. You can see alumni profiles at www.geog.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/ course/careers.html.
Geography Podcasts
The School of Geography and the Environment's recorded talks and lectures are available at www.geog.ox.ac.uk/news/podcasts.
No. 1 in the World
Oxford Geography is ranked number one in the 2017 QS World University rankings, by subject.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/uggeo
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Geography Open Day: 11 June 2018 – booking required www.geog.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/opendays.html 
Course details: www.geog.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/course/course.html; +44 (0) 1865 275887; undergraduate.enquiries@geog.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four compulsory courses:
•	Earth systems processes
•	Human geography
•	Geographical controversies
•	Geographical techniques
Induction physical geography field trip to Dorset (four days)
One-day human geography field trip exercise in Oxford
Assessment
Four written papers: Two fieldwork reports; submitted essay on Geographical controversies
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Geographical Research (core)
Foundational courses (two chosen)
•	Space, place and society
•	Earth system dynamics
•	Environmental geography 
Options (three chosen)
Options currently offered include:
•	African societies
•	Biogeography, biodiversity and conservation
•	Climate change impacts and adaptation
•	Climate change and variability
•	Complexity
•	Cultural spaces
•	Desert landscapes and dynamics
•	European integration
•	Geographies of finance
•	Geographies of nature
•	Geography at war
•	Geopolitics in the margins
•	Island life
•	New approaches to urban geography
•	The Quaternary period
•	Transport and mobilities
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. The University may cap the number of students who are able to take a particular one. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Dissertation 
Overseas field trip
Assessment
Six written papers: Three extended essays; fieldwork report; dissertation
[80]
History BA 3 Years
UCAS code: V100
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
It is highly recommended for candidates to have History to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 72%; Successful: 23%; Intake: 224
How to apply
Tests: HAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: One piece See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The study of History at Oxford combines the examination of large regions over extended periods of time with more focused work on smaller groups, shorter periods and particular problems. It provides a distinctive education by developing an awareness of differing political, cultural, social and economic structures in past societies and their interrelationship. It combines vigorous debate over questions of interpretation with rigorous attention to the source materials. Its constant enrichment by cross-fertilisation from other disciplines leads to new questions about the past.
Oxford is celebrated for the broad chronological sweep of its courses and the enormous amount of choice offered to students. Students can study options on any part of British and European history from the declining years of the Roman Empire to the present day. The geographical range is also broad: there are options on North American, Latin American, Asian and African history (see website for further details). Students are encouraged to adopt a variety of interdisciplinary approaches to their work, and the faculty is strong on intellectual and cultural history options. The Oxford History Faculty is at the forefront of research.
A typical weekly timetable
Students are expected to attend about five lectures a week during the first year, participate in regular meetings with tutors to discuss work, research in libraries and write at least one essay a week. In the second and third years students choose from an enormous variety of lectures and their regular tutorials are supplemented by faculty classes where they discuss work with a larger number of students. The thesis gives all students the opportunity to engage in a piece of independent research. Throughout the course, students are very much in charge of their own timetable.
What are tutors looking for?
If you are shortlisted, your submitted work and UCAS personal statement may form starting points for discussion in your interview. Some colleges may require you to read a short passage of historical writing which they will ask you to discuss as part of the interview process. The tutors are not so much interested in the level of your knowledge as in your ability to think historically.
For further information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
History careers
History graduates go on to follow careers in fields such as the law, investment banking and consultancies, advertising, accountancy, the Civil Service, publishing, journalism and the media, global charity work, museums, librarianship and archive work, and teaching. Recent graduates include a civil servant at the Department of Health, an investment management associate and a barrister.
Edward, now a curator, says: 'My degree helped me acquire a position with the Pendle Heritage Centre and then at Historic Scotland. Afterwards I became a
[81]
curator for the National Museum of the US Navy.'
David is a history teacher at Taunton School. He says: 'A History degree was a prerequisite to teaching history to A-level and IB, but the Oxford degree accelerated my career path, allowing me to step straight into a position at an academic school. I use my degree on a daily basis, in teaching a wide range of historical topics as well as advising students about Oxford.'
Robin is the Managing Director of Schneider-Ross. He says: 'On graduating, I joined Esso UK. Having met my wife there, in 1989 we decided to set up our own consultancy, Schneider-Ross, specialising in global diversity and inclusion. I feel History gave me all the skills I've called on to analyse data, make arguments and convince people of the need to change... and the confidence to work at board level with FTSE 100 companies (it's just like a tutorial really).'
Sian says: 'Since graduating I have worked as assistant brand manager on Pringles and Braun at Procter & Gamble. My degree taught me analytical skills, time management and the ability to think critically, all of which are crucial in my role.'
Top-Rated History Department in the UK
for largest volume of world- leading research in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ughistory
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.history.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615020; schools.liaison@history.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken:
•	History of the British Isles
•	European and world history
•	Historical methods (choice of Approaches to history; Historiography: Tacitus to Weber; Quantification; one of several foreign text papers)
•	Optional subject (choice of around 20 including: Theories of the state; Making England Protestant, 1558-1642; The rise and crises of European socialisms, 1881- 1921; Radicalism in Britain, 1965-75)
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course website (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Four timed written exams
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Six courses are taken:
•	History of the British Isles
•	European and world history
•	Further subject (choice of about 35, including: China since 1900; The Near East in the age of Justinian and Muhammad, c527-700; The Middle East in the age of empire, 1830-71; The authority of nature: Race, heredity and crime, 1800- 1940; Culture, politics and identity in Cold War Europe 1945-68; Britain at the movies: Film and national identity since 1914)
•	Special subject: a paper and an extended essay (choice of about 30, including: The Norman conquest of England; Politics, art and culture in the Italian Renaissance, Venice and Florence c1 475-1525; The Scientific Movement in the 17th century; English architecture, 1660-1720; Race, religion and resistance in the US, from Jim Crow to Civil Rights; Britain in the seventies; Terror and forced labour in Stalin's Russia; From Gandhi to the Green Revolution: India, independence and modernity, 1947-73; Nazi Germany, a racial order, 1933-45; The Northern Ireland troubles, 1965-85)
•	Disciplines of history
•	Thesis
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Four timed written exams; one portfolio of submitted essays; one extended essay; one thesis; an additional thesis may be offered
[82]
History (Ancient and Modern] BA 3 Years
UCAS code: V118
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
It is highly recommended for candidates to have History to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent. A classical language, Classical Civilisation and Ancient History can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 63%; Successful: 23%; Intake: 21
How to apply
Tests: HAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: One piece See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
This course enables students to study history from the Bronze Age Mediterranean and Near East, through the Roman Empire, middle ages and early modern period, right up to British, European and world history in the present day. Fruitful comparisons between societies abound, and the methods by which we study them are mutually illuminating.
The extraordinary range of choices (more than 90 options) for this course reflects the breadth of interests of those who teach here. The Oxford Classics and History Faculties are world famous for teaching and research. The people who will teach you here will be leading researchers in their field, and lecturers are encouraged to put on new courses which reflect their own interests.
A typical weekly timetable
Your work is divided between lectures and classes, tutorials (one or two a week) and private study (including preparing essays for your weekly tutorials).
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are keen to find out whether you can demonstrate the skills needed by History undergraduates. Even if you have not previously studied ancient history or classics, it is important to show some awareness of and interest in the ancient world, including its material remains.
Some colleges may require you to read a short passage of historical writing which they will ask you to discuss during your interview.
For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
History (A&M] careers
Oxford historians typically move on to careers in fields as varied as the law, investment banking and consultancies, advertising, accountancy, the Civil Service, publishing, journalism and the media, global charity work, museums, librarianship and archive work, and teaching.
Recent Ancient and Modern History graduates include a civil servant, a librarian and a charity campaign manager. Mary-Kate says: 'Through my joint course I developed skills in working flexibly and under pressure, enhanced my analytical skills and learnt to be independently minded. These have all proven to be invaluable assets in my career as a Fast Streamer for the Home Office. Being a Fast Streamer means that you follow an accelerated training and development graduate programme.'
[83]
Heather now works as a Lecturer in British History at the Humboldt University in Berlin. She says: 'Learning to work independently and under time pressure as an undergraduate was the perfect preparation for an academic career. It gave me the skills I needed to teach successfully at a university level and the self-confidence necessary to publish and present my research before my peers.'
Top-Rated History Department in the UK
for largest volume of world- leading research in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugham
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.history.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615020; schoolsJiaison@history.ox.ac.uk
www.classics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288372; undergraduate@classics.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course websites (details above).
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken:
•	One period of either Greek or Roman history
•	One of the periods of European/World history offered
•	The world of Homer and Hesiod; or Augustan Rome; or one of the History optional subjects
•	A text-based paper on Herodotus; or Sallust; or Approaches to history; or Historiography: Tacitus to Weber from the History syllabus or Greek/Latin language paper
Assessment
First University examinations: Four timed written exams
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Six courses are taken:
•	A period of Greek or Roman history
•	A period of European/World history or one of the periods of the history of the British Isles
•	Further subjects including work on primary sources, textual or archaeological
•	A choice of further subjects (at least one of the further or the special subjects must be ancient) from the History syllabus; or an ancient further subject, including:
•	Athenian democracy in the classical age
•	Politics, society and culture from Nero to Hadrian
•	Religions in the Greek and Roman world c31 BC-AD 312
•	The Greeks and the Mediterranean world 950-500 BC
•	Art under the Roman Empire AD 14-337
•	The Hellenistic world: societies and cultures, c300 BC-100 BC
•	Special subjects (at least one of the further or the special subjects must be ancient) (including work on primary sources, textual or archaeological). A choice of about 30 special subjects from the History syllabus or an ancient special subject, including:
•	Alexander the Great and his early successors
•	Cicero: politics and thought in the late Republic
•	The Greek city in the Roman world from Dio Chrysostom to John Chrysostom
•	Disciplines of history
•	Thesis
•	Optional Greek/Latin language paper
Assessment
Final University examinations: Six timed written exams and one thesis; (or five timed written exams, one extended essay and one thesis); (or four timed written exams, one portfolio of submitted essays, one extended essay and one thesis); (optional additional language paper)
[84]
History and Economics BA 3 years
UCAS code: LV11
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
It is highly recommended for candidates to have both History and Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 57%; Successful: 12%; Intake: 15
Applicants for this course may instead be offered a place for History. Such offers are not included in these statistics.
How to apply
Tests: HAT and TSA: section 1. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One piece (History) See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The History and Economics course integrates these two subjects to form a coherent and intellectually stimulating programme. The combination allows insights that neither subject can realise alone. However, it is possible to specialise primarily in either History or Economics while still preserving the benefits of an integrated approach.
The combination of economics, economic history and history (political as well as social) means that you will be equipped to view issues in the real world from a variety of contrasting perspectives. You will learn both the historian's careful approaches to evidence and argumentation and the economist's analytical and quantitative methods, providing an excellent preparation for a range of professional, financial and academic careers.
The course is designed to equip you with the basic tools of both history and economics, while introducing you to some of the areas which you can study later in more depth. You will be given a wide choice of subjects. Everyone studies introductory economics, which is designed to give a solid understanding of the foundations of both microeconomics and macroeconomics. The Economics core papers are identical to those for Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) and students for both courses are generally taught together.
A typical weekly timetable
You will be expected to attend about five lectures a week during the first year, participate in regular meetings with tutors to discuss work, research in libraries and write at least one essay a week. In the second and third years you will have the opportunity to write a thesis on economic history, which will enable you to do a piece of independent research.
What are tutors looking for?
If you are shortlisted, your submitted work and UCAS personal statement are likely to form starting points for discussion in your interview.
Some colleges may require you to read a short passage of historical writing which they will ask you to discuss as part of the interview process. The tutors are not so much interested in the level of your knowledge as in your ability to think historically. We do not require any previous formal qualification in economics, but we do expect you to demonstrate a real interest in the subject.
For further information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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HECO careers
Some of the most popular careers for History and Economics graduates include working in industry, management consulting, the law, teaching and many branches of public service, including the Civil and Diplomatic Services, and the Bank of England. Recent History and Economics graduates include a management consultant, a charity officer and an economist.
Michael is currently the Managing Director for Thomson Reuters' Treasury business across Asia Pacific. He says: 'Running a broad region as diverse as Asia Pacific requires me to think laterally across cultures coupled with a concise and engaging focus – traits that one hones quickly from the tutorial approach at Oxford.'
Top-Rated History Department in the UK
for largest volume of world- leading research in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugheco
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.history.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615020; schools.liaison@history.ox.ac.uk
www.economics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271098; econundergrad@economics.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course websites (details above).
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken:
•	Introductory economics
•	European and World history: four options available
•	Quantification in history (available options: Approaches to history; Historiography: Tacitus to Weber; Foreign texts)
•	Optional subject (involving the use of primary sources): 21 options available
Assessment
First University examinations: Four timed written exams
2nd and 3rd years
Core courses in Economics and Economic History
Economics core papers:
•	Microeconomics
•	Macroeconomics
•	Quantitative economics
History core papers:
•	A period of British history or European/World history
•	Development of the world economy since 1800 
Optional papers:
•	two further subjects in History
•	two further subjects in Economics
•	one further subject in History and one in British history/General history
•	one further subject in History and one further subject in Economics Compulsory thesis
A thesis from original research, usually in Economic history
Assessment
Final University examinations: Seven timed written exams, and one compulsory undergraduate thesis or six timed written exams, one portfolio of submitted essays, one compulsory undergraduate thesis
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History and English BA 3 years
UCAS code: VQ13
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are expected to have English Literature, or English Language and Literature, to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. It is also highly recommended for candidates to have History to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 62%; Successful: 14%; Intake: 11
Applicants for this course may instead be offered a place for History or for English. Such offers are not included in these statistics.
How to apply
Tests: HAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: Three pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
A joint degree in History and English requires students to think critically about how we define 'history' and 'literature', and about how the two disciplines interrelate and, in large measure, overlap. Close attention is given to changing methodologies, to the nature of evidence and to styles of argument. It is assumed that historical documents are just as much 'texts' as are poems, plays or novels, and are therefore subject to interpretation as works of narrative, rhetoric and, fundamentally, language. Equally, it is assumed that poems, plays and novels represent historically grounded ways of interpreting a culture.
The History and English Faculties are among the largest in Britain, with long and distinguished traditions of teaching and research. Students are offered a great deal of choice in the course over their three years, and whether their interests are in the medieval period, the Renaissance or the later periods, intellectually fruitful combinations are always possible.
The course structure at Oxford is intended to enable students to relate literary and historical ideas as effectively as possible in the investigation of their chosen historical periods, topics or authors, while recognising that some students will wish to opt for variety rather than close congruity between their historical and literary papers. Interdisciplinarity is embedded in each year of the course with dedicated classes in the first year as part of the Introduction to English Language and Literature paper, a bridge paper taken in the second year and examined by extended essay, and an interdisciplinary dissertation in the final year. All interdisciplinary elements of this course are co-taught or co-supervised by a historian and a literary scholar.
Oxford possesses exceptional library provision for both subjects in the Bodleian Library, the History Faculty and English Faculty libraries, other faculty libraries and the college libraries.
A typical weekly timetable
Most students have up to two tutorials a week and are often, but not always, working on two papers simultaneously. Most students attend three to four lectures a week. In the first and second years, students will also attend interdisciplinary classes with both English and History tutors present, in preparation for the interdisciplinary bridge paper. For the final-year dissertation they will have an adviser from each discipline.
What are tutors looking for?
Shortlisted candidates will usually be given at least two interviews, one with the History tutor or tutors in the college, and one with the English tutor or tutors. In the English interview, the candidate may be asked to discuss a piece of prose or verse, provided before or at the interview. Successful candidates will read widely, will enjoy writing and talking about history, literature and language and will be interested in pursuing a comparative approach to historical and literary texts.
For further information on selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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From an H&E student
“I cannot imagine studying two subjects that more perfectly complement and enhance one another. I love the constant opportunity to explore the cross-over between History and English, be it in the unique interdisciplinary module, or throughout my tutorial essays. The variety of papers is also beyond compare, allowing you to mix and match topics, or specialise completely in one period. My first year papers were as diverse as 20th-century literature and Early Modern European witch hunts – the degree is as extensive as you want to make it!” Holly
H&E careers
Studying this degree provides you with the opportunity to acquire a range of skills valued by recruiters, including the ability to work independently, to evaluate the significance of evidence and to present arguments clearly and persuasively. Graduates from this course have worked in the media, legal professions, public administration, teaching and finance.
Top-Rated History Department in the UK
for largest volume of world-leading research in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ughe
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.history.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615020; schools.liaison@history.ox.ac.uk
www.english.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271055; undergrad@ell.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course websites (details above).
1st year
Courses
Four courses are taken:
•	Introduction to English Language and Literature
•	One period paper from single honours English Language and Literature
•	One British history paper from single honours History
•	One of: Approaches to history; Historiography; optional subject (from single honours History)
Assessment
Three timed written exams form the First University Examination, together with a submitted portfolio of two exam essays of 2,000 words for Introduction to English Language and Literature.
All exams must be passed, but marks do not count towards the final degree.
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Seven courses are taken:
•	One interdisciplinary bridge essay (6,000 words)
•	Two papers from single honours English Language and Literature (see page 70 [printed edition page number])
•	One British period paper from single honours History (see page 80 [printed edition page number])
•	Either:
One History special subject (counts as two papers)
Or two from:
•	European/World history paper from single honours History
•	Further subject from single honours History
•	One of papers 1-6 from single honours English Language and Literature
•	Interdisciplinary dissertation (10,000 words)
Assessment
Final University examinations: between two and four timed written exams will be examined at the end of the third year; plus a combination of one portfolio of submitted essays; one or two extended essays; one bridge essay; one interdisciplinary dissertation.
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History and Modern Languages BA 4 years with a year abroad History and either Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish
UCAS codes: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
It is highly recommended for candidates to have History to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 79%; Successful: 23%; Intake: 23
Applicants for this course may instead be offered a place for History or for Modern Languages. Such offers are not included in these statistics.
How to apply
Tests: HAT and MLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One to three pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Course combinations
You can either study History with a Modern Language you already speak, or with a Modern Language you'd like to learn from scratch.
For the following course combinations you would usually be expected to have the Modern Language to A-level, or another academic equivalent.
History and: 
Czech VR17
French VR11
German VR12
Modern Greek VQ17
Italian VR13
Portuguese VR15
Russian VRC7
Spanish VR14
The following course combinations allow you to begin studying a Modern Language from scratch.
History and:
Beginners' Czech VR1R
Beginners' Modern Greek VR1X
Beginners' Italian RV31
Beginners' Portuguese VR1N
In recent years history has experienced a 'linguistic turn' while literary studies have undergone a 'historical turn', making this combination of subjects stronger than ever. Knowledge of the past contextualises literary artefacts, while the forensic literary skills of the linguist are vital for interrogating historical documents. Historians have to be aware of genre, plot and rhetorical techniques in the creation both of their sources and their own arguments, while linguists need to appreciate the social and political concerns that are woven into literary works. This degree brings these two skill sets together.
Oxford has a long and enduring commitment to the teaching of European history and European languages, leading to a particularly rich environment in terms of staff expertise, library resources, language training and overseas contacts. The fullness and variety of the curriculum means that students can combine papers from the two faculties in stimulating ways. The two parts come together most directly in a bridge essay, where students can make their own innovative contributions.
International opportunities
History and Modern Languages is a four-year course with a compulsory year abroad in your third year. Please see Modern Languages (page 112 [printed edition page number]) for further information. Students are encouraged to travel and speak their specialist language in the vacations, and travel grants and scholarships may be available to assist.
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A typical weekly timetable
Your week's work will include:
•	tutorials in history and in the literature and culture of the language you study
•	a number of lectures/classes for each subject (including language classes involving different skills, eg translation, oral and grammar)
•	independent study preparing essays for your weekly tutorials.
What are tutors looking for?
During the interview, your submitted work may be a starting point for discussion. Some colleges may also ask you to read and discuss a short text in English and/or the modern language. Tutors wish to test your capacity for independent thought, your flexibility, your skills in conceptualising and relating ideas, the precision of your thinking and your oral competence in the language.
For further information on selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
HML careers
Employers value language skills combined with the many transferable skills of a History and Modern Languages degree.
Recent graduates from this course are employed in international institutions such as the UN and the EU, by NGOs as well as by national governments. They work in the media, publishing, the law, banking, consultancy, teaching, research, commercial industry and many other sectors.
Matthew, now an investment manager, says: 'I enjoyed the sheer variety and choice of a History and Modern Languages degree. I benefit hugely in my professional life from the skills I learned from historical argument and literary criticism, not to mention the ability to speak French. Every time I tell my clients how politics and financial markets might affect their investments, I draw on the analytical and presentational skills I acquired at Oxford.'
Erasmus+
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for details of current Erasmus opportunities for this course.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ughml
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Modern Languages and joint courses Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details: www.history.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615020; schools.liaison@history.ox.ac.uk
www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course websites (details above).
1st year
Courses
Six courses are taken:
History
•	European/World history (four options: 370-900; 1000-1300; 1400-1650; 1815-1914)
•	Either a British history period, or a historical methods paper, or a foreign text or an optional subject
Modern Language
•	Practical language work (two papers)
•	Two literature papers
Assessment
First University examinations: Six timed written exams
2nd and 4th years (3rd year spent abroad]
Courses
•	A period of European/World history
•	Either a special subject in History (two papers, see History (page 80 [printed edition page number])), with one additional history or literature option; or three papers selected from history (British history, further subject, thesis) or literature (special subjects, prescribed authors, extended essay)
•	An optional additional thesis in History
•	Practical language work (two papers)
•	A period of literature
•	A paper on one of a wide range of options
•	A bridge essay
Assessment
Final University examinations: Between six and nine timed written exams; between one and four submitted essays, including the compulsory bridge essay; oral examination in the modern language
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History and Politics BA 3 years
UCAS code: LV21
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
It is highly recommended for candidates to have History to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. Sociology, Politics or Government and Politics can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 53%; Successful: 13%; Intake: 45
Applicants for this course may instead be offered a place for History. Such offers are not included in these statistics.
How to apply
Tests: HAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One piece (History) See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The History and Politics course aims to bring together complementary but separate disciplines to form a coherent and stimulating programme. The degree not only enables students to set contemporary political problems in their historical perspective, but also equips them to approach the study of the past with the conceptual rigour derived from political science.
The special feature of the Oxford course is the chance to choose subjects very broadly across the two disciplines, so that it is possible to combine medieval historical options with the analysis of contemporary political systems. The expertise of a number of Oxford's political theorists and historians in the history of political thought, the thematic approach taken to the teaching of general history in the first year, and the emphasis placed on interdisciplinarity in a number of both politics and history papers strengthen the intellectual rigour of this course.
A typical weekly timetable
You will be expected to attend about five lectures a week during the first year, participate in regular meetings with tutors to discuss work, research in libraries, and write at least one essay a week. You will be required to submit a thesis which will enable you to do a piece of independent research during your second and third years.
What are tutors looking for?
If your application is shortlisted, submitted work and your UCAS personal statement are likely to form starting points for discussion in your interview. Some colleges may require you to read a short piece of prose or other material, which they will ask you to discuss as part of the interview process. The tutors are not so much interested in the level of your knowledge as in your ability to think analytically.
For further information on selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
From an H&P student
“I specialised more in Politics than in History. The 'Introduction to the practice of Politics' paper at Prelims (first University exams) provided me with an excellent foundation for studying specific countries at Finals level. I was able to use the knowledge I obtained here, and apply it within several political contexts – from Japan to South Africa! I especially loved writing my thesis, where I was able to analyse the political challenges of the past with reference to the leading political models of the present.” Stefan
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H&P careers
While some History and Politics graduates go on to further study and research to become professional historians, others move into different areas. Recent graduates have started their careers in accountancy, advertising, archive work, finance, the Civil Service, consultancy, international charity work, the media, the law, librarianship, management consultancy, museums, politics, publishing, research, social work, teaching and the theatre. Graduates include a PhD researcher in political science, a senior account executive in public relations and a civil servant.
Top-Rated History Department in the UK
for largest volume of world- leading research in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ughp
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.history.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615020; schools.liaison@history.ox.ac.uk
www.politics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 278706; ug.studies@politics.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
For the latest information on all course details and options see the course websites (details above).
1st year
Courses
Four examination papers and a short piece of assessed coursework:
•	Either any one of the seven periods in the history of the British Isles or any one of the four periods of European/World history
•	Introduction to the theory of politics or Theories of the state
•	One optional subject: choice of Quantification in history; Approaches to history; Historiography: Tacitus to Weber or any of the optional subjects (see History (page 80 [printed edition page number]) except Theories of the state) or any one of six foreign texts
•	The practice of politics
•	Quantitative methods: political analysis (not examined)
Assessment
First University examinations: Four timed written exams
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
The course has seven components:
•	A period of the history of the British Isles
•	A period of European/World history
•	Any two of the five core subjects in Politics:
Comparative government
British politics and government since 1900
Theory of politics
International relations
Political sociology
•	One of the following combinations:
•	A special subject in History (two papers) and an optional subject in Politics (either a core paper not yet taken or a further subject)
•	A further subject in History and two optional subjects in Politics
•	A further subject in History, one optional subject in Politics and one special subject in Politics
•	A thesis in either History or Politics
Assessment
Final University examinations: Five timed written exams; one portfolio of submitted essays; one thesis in History or Politics or four timed written exams; one portfolio of submitted essays; one extended essay; one thesis in History or Politics
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History of Art BA 3 years
UCAS code: V350 (no deferred applications accepted)
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are required to have taken an essay-based subject to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. History of Art, Fine Art, History, English or a language can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 35%; Successful: 11%; Intake: 14
How to apply
Tests: None required
Written work: one marked piece, one response See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
History of Art aims to arrive at an historical understanding of the origins, meaning and purpose of art and artefacts from a wide range of world cultures, asking about the circumstances of their making, their makers, the media used, the functions of the images and objects, their critical reception and – not least – their subsequent history. As well as educating students in the historical interpretation of art in its cultural contexts, a degree in History of Art provides skills in the critical analysis of objects through the cultivation of visual literacy. The acquired skills have broad applicability in a wide range of professional settings, as well as serving the needs of enduring personal enlightenment.
The University collections, including the world-famous Ashmolean Museum, provide subjects for first-hand study under the supervision of those entrusted with their care. The historic architecture of the city and its environs supplies a rich source of study in its own right. The Oxford degree is designed to provide innovative insights into a wide range of world art, drawing its expertise from various University faculties and the staff of University collections, as well as from the department itself. There is a strong emphasis upon how the primary visual and written sources from various periods and places can be analysed in different ways. Students are encouraged to enquire about the nature of reactions to what we call 'art'.
A typical weekly timetable
Each week you will have around two lectures, classes, and museum visits as well as a weekly tutorial. Outside the classroom most of your time will be spent preparing essays for your tutorials and working on longer research papers.
What are tutors looking for?
Candidates should show evidence of lively engagement with visual culture, both contemporary and historical. Prior knowledge of the History of Art is absolutely not a requirement: many successful applicants have never studied the subject before university. What is looked for in applicants is a keen and critical observation of art and of the material environment in general.
At interview, candidates are invited to demonstrate willingness to engage in focused discussion and debate about visual issues, and in addition to respond to one or more photographs of unfamiliar images, which applicants will not be expected to recognise.
HOA careers
The cultural industries are one of the biggest employers in the world. In addition to museums and galleries, there are many governmental and non- governmental agencies that work to conserve, research and promote cultural heritage and to further the production of art. Furthermore, History of Art graduates will be especially competitive for posts in any area that requires combinations of visual and verbal skills, such as publishing, advertising, marketing and web-based media, as well as entering the wide range of professions available to all humanities graduates.
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History of Art Podcasts
A number of core lectures and some public lectures and seminars are available at podcasts.ox.ac.uk/units/department-history-art.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ughoa
2018 Open Days: 27 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.hoa.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 286830; admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four elements are taken:
•	Core course: Introduction to the History of Art
•	Core course: European Art 1400-1900: Meaning and interpretation
•	Core course: Antiquity after Antiquity
•	Supervised extended essay on a building, object or image in Oxford.
Students also have the opportunity to undertake a French or Italian for Art Historians course through the University's Language Centre (see page 5). No previous experience or qualifications are required for these courses and they do not form part of the assessment.
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers and one extended essay
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Seven elements are taken: a full list of current options is at www.hoa.ox.ac.uk
Core Course: Approaches to the History of Art
Further subject in Art History – regularly taught options include:
•	Anglo-Saxon archaeology
•	The Carolingian Renaissance
•	Culture and society in Early Renaissance Italy
•	Northern European portraiture 1400-1800
•	Flanders and Italy in the Quattrocento
•	Court culture and art in Early Modern Europe
•	Intellect and culture in Victorian Britain
Two 2nd-year options – regularly taught options include:
•	Egyptian art and architecture
•	Greek art and archaeology
•	Byzantine art: The transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages
•	Art under the Roman Empire
•	Hellenistic art and archaeology
•	Encountering South Asian sculpture
•	Gothic art through medieval eyes
•	Art in China since 1911
•	Understanding museums and collections
•	Literature and the visual arts in France
•	German Expressionism in literature and visual arts
•	European cinema
•	Modernism and after
•	The experience of modernity: visual culture, 1880-1925
•	American Art, 1560s-1960s
Special subject and extended essay in Art History – regularly taught options include:
•	Art and culture in Renaissance Florence and Venice
•	The Dutch Golden Age: 1618-72
•	Painting and culture in Ming China
•	English architecture
•	Art and its public in France, 1815-67
•	The social life of photographs
•	The South Seas in European and American art and literature
Undergraduate thesis
Students also have the opportunity to undertake a collections placement in one of the University museums, libraries or colleges in their second year.
Assessment
Final University examinations: Four or five written papers, one or two extended essay(s) and one thesis
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Human Sciences BA 3 years
UCAS code: BCL0
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Biology or Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 56%; Successful: 14%; Intake: 28
How to apply
Tests: TSA. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Human Sciences is a diverse discipline which enables students to study the biological, social and cultural aspects of human life, and provides a challenging alternative to some of the more traditional courses offered at Oxford.
The school was founded in 1969 in recognition of the need for interdisciplinary understanding of fundamental issues and problems confronting contemporary societies. Central topics include the evolution of humans and their behaviour, molecular and population genetics, population growth and ageing, ethnic and cultural diversity and the human interaction with the environment, including conservation, disease and nutrition. The study of both biological and social disciplines, integrated within a framework of human diversity and sustainability, should enable the human scientist to develop professional competencies suited to address such multidimensional human problems.
The course draws on specialists from a number of different faculties in the University. Lectures introduce most of the material you will need and provide the core concepts and theories for each paper. Tutorials, given by specialists in different fields, allow you to consider particular topics in greater depth. They also allow students from different academic backgrounds to gain the necessary grounding across a range of subjects.
A typical weekly timetable
During years 1 and 2 your work is divided between lectures (about ten a week) and tutorials (one or two a week with more in the first year). In addition, some practical experience in genetics, physiology, demography or statistics is offered in certain terms. Computers are used in the teaching of quantitative methods. In the third year the tutorial and class requirement is reduced to allow more time for option papers and students' research for their dissertations.
What are tutors looking for?
The attributes tutors are looking for in applicants include:
•	keenness
•	an ability to see things in context and make connections
•	readiness to modify ideas in the light of evidence
•	the capacity to form and express a personal point of view.
For further information on selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
HUMSCI careers
Recent graduates have found opportunities in fields including the Civil Service, government, health services, social policy, teaching, the media, the law, industry, commerce, computing, management consultancy and accountancy.
Alison currently works as the Principal Scientist in HIV epidemiology within Public Health England. She says: 'My undergraduate degree in Human Sciences was excellent preparation for
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my career. The field of HIV is multifaceted which means we not only measure the prevalence and incidence of HIV but also seek to understand the complexities of sexual behaviour and the political and social context of HIV. Human Sciences gave me a solid grounding in statistical methods, biological and social sciences. Specifically, the cross-disciplinary ethos of the course taught me the importance of collaboration with academics and advocates with a wide range of expertise and the need to interpret data within a social, human context.'
Graduate Vanessa produced the series Frozen Planet. She has worked as a producer/director on a variety of wildlife series including Wildlife on One, The Natural World, Life of Mammals and Planet Earth. She also co-wrote the book accompanying Frozen Planet and has contributed to a number of academic books including The Biology of Religion, as well as magazines on various wildlife and conservation subjects. Several scientific papers have also been published on the basis of exceptional behavioural footage taken on films she has produced.
Cutting Edge Human Sciences
From the nature of evil to apes with a GSOH, find out what Oxford's Human Scientists are up to by following us on Twitter @Oxford_HumSci.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ughumsci
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.ihs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 274702; admissions@ihs.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Five compulsory courses are taken:
•	The biology of organisms including humans
•	Genetics and evolution
•	Society, culture and environment
•	Sociology and demography
•	Quantitative methods for the human sciences
Assessment
First University examinations: Five written papers; satisfactory practical record
2nd year
Courses
Five courses are taken:
•	Behaviour and its evolution, animal and human
•	Human genetics and evolution
•	Human ecology
•	Demography and population
•	Either Anthropological analysis and interpretation or Sociological theory
Assessment
The Human ecology course is assessed by an extended essay written in the final term of the second year and a presentation given in the first term of the third year.
3rd year
Courses
•	Dissertation to be completed by the beginning of the final term
•	Option courses (two chosen) from a list which may vary slightly depending on teaching availability: Anthropology of a selected region (for example Africa, Japan, Lowland South America, South Asia); Biological conservation; Evolution and medicine; Gender theories and realities: Cross-cultural perspectives; General linguistics; Health and disease; Language and social anthropology; Medical anthropology; Physical and forensic anthropology: An introduction to human skeletal remains; Quantitative methods; Social policy; South and southern Africa; plus a range of psychology options
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Currently six written papers and a dissertation plus the extended essay and presentation (see under second year)
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Law (Jurisprudence] Ba 3 years (Equivalent to LLB); 4-year course option includes a year studying abroad
UCAS codes: see table
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA
Advanced Highers: AAB, or AA plus an additional Higher at grade A 
IB: 38 (including core points) with at least 666 at HL 
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are also expected to have at least a C/4 grade in GCSE Mathematics, or other evidence to demonstrate that they are appropriately numerate. We accept any subjects at A-level except General Studies. To study in France, Germany or Spain candidates would be expected to have the relevant modern language to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. To study in Italy, candidates may be admitted without A-level Italian, though they would be expected to demonstrate sufficient language aptitude to be able to achieve the standard required to study successfully in Italy during the year abroad. Intensive language training will be offered during the first two years of the course.
3-year average (2015-17)
Law:
Interviewed: 44%; Successful: 14%; Intake: 197
Law with Law Studies in Europe:
Interviewed: 37%; Successful: 10%; Intake: 28
How to apply
Tests: LNAT. For test dates and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Course options
Course I: Law (Jurisprudence) M100 
Course II: Law with Law Studies in Europe: 
Law with European Law M190
Law with French Law M191
Law with German Law M192
Law with Italian Law M193
Law with Spanish Law M194
Please note the arrangements for and content of the courses may be subject to change as a consequence of developments regarding the UK's EU membership.
Applicants for Law with Law studies in Europe may instead be offered a place on the three-year Law programme.
Studying law will not only give you the opportunity to qualify as a solicitor or barrister: it will also help you develop a diverse set of skills which you will be able to apply in many different situations. You will learn to assimilate and analyse complex information, construct arguments, write with precision and clarity, and think on your feet.
The Oxford Law degree aims to develop all these skills, but its particular strength is in teaching you to think for yourself. Students are expected to read a good deal, mostly from primary sources, and to develop views not simply about what the law is, but also about why it is so, whether it should be so, and how it might be different.
There are two Law courses at Oxford: Course I is a three-year course; Course II is a four-year course which follows the same syllabus, but with a third year abroad at a university in France, Germany, Italy, or Spain (studying French, German, Italian, or Spanish law), or the Netherlands (studying European and International law). Students on Course II (Law with Law
Studies in Europe) gain additional skills through exposure to different legal systems and the different approaches to teaching practised by our European partner institutions. Students who have graduated in other subjects may undertake the accelerated 'Senior Status' version of Course I. For further information about the courses, please refer to www.law.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate.
A typical weekly timetable
You will be studying between one and two subjects at any one time (or up to three subjects in your third year) so in any given week you are likely to have one to two tutorials of an hour each (in a group of two to four students) and to write an essay for each tutorial. Lectures are, unusually, often regarded as an optional extra in Oxford, with the tutorial system being our core form of teaching. This means you can go to as many or as few lectures in a week as you like, depending on what you think will most help your studies. On average, most students will go to two to three hours of lectures (or seminars for third year options) each week. Most of your working time (we anticipate the workload is 45 hours per week) will be devoted to reading, thinking, and writing your essays in preparation for the tutorial.
What are tutors looking for?
For more on admissions, including a video of a demonstration interview, please see: www.law.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate.
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Law careers
There is no assumption that our Law graduates pursue a legal career: around 75% of Oxford Law graduates go on to the legal profession. Although Oxford Law graduates gain a BA in Jurisprudence rather than an LLB, each of the Oxford Law courses counts as a qualifying law degree so Oxford Law graduates can immediately go on to the Legal Practice Course (for solicitors) or the Bar Professional Training Course (for barristers).
Many Oxford Law graduates go on to successful careers practising law outside England and Wales. The Oxford Law courses naturally focus on English law, but the fundamental principles of English common law play a key role in other jurisdictions. Graduates of the four-year course also gain important international knowledge during their year abroad. If you want to know the status of an English law degree in another jurisdiction, please contact the relevant local regulatory body.
Amal is a barrister at Doughty Street Chambers in London specialising in international law, human rights, extradition and criminal law. She was previously a lawyer for the United Nations in the Middle East and at various international courts in The Hague. She says: 'Studying Law at Oxford taught me to identify what is important, challenge accepted wisdom and not be intimidated. These skills helped me follow an unusual career path that I have found fascinating and meaningful.'
Erasmus+
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for up-to-date details of Erasmus opportunities for this course.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/uglaw
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Law Open Days: 12, 13 and 14 March 2018 – booking required www.law.ox.ac.uk
Course details: www.law.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate; +44 (0) 1865 271491; lawfac@law.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year (terms 1 and 2)
Courses
•	Criminal law
•	Constitutional law
•	A Roman introduction to private law
•	Research skills and mooting programme
For those on Course II, there are also French/German/Italian/Spanish law and language classes during the first six terms, or, for those going to the Netherlands, introductory Dutch language courses in the second year
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers: one each in Criminal law, Constitutional law and a Roman introduction to private law
1st year (term 3), 2nd and 3rd (4th) years
Courses
•	Tort law
•	Contract law
•	Trusts
•	Land law
•	Administrative law
•	European Union law
•	Jurisprudence
•	Two optional subjects, chosen from a very wide range of options
•	Course II: year 3 is spent abroad
A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations:
•	Tort law, Contract law, Trusts, Land law, Administrative law, European law: one written paper each at the end of the final year
•	Jurisprudence: one shorter written paper at the end of the final year, plus an essay written in the summer vacation at the end of the second year
•	Two optional subjects: normally written papers but methods of assessment may vary
Course II students will also be assessed during their year abroad by the university they attend.
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Materials Science MENG 4 years
UCAS code: FJ22
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA (including Mathematics and Physics, with an A* in either Mathematics, Physics or Chemistry)
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB (with AA in Mathematics and Physics)
IB: 40 (including core points) with 766 at HL (including Mathematics and Physics, with 7 at HL in either Mathematics, Physics or Chemistry) 
Or any other equivalent 
GCSE-level Chemistry, or an equivalent, is also required. It is highly desirable to have Chemistry to A-level or equivalent, and if it is not studied to this level it is strongly recommended that it is studied to AS-level or equivalent. Further Mathematics (FM) can be helpful to students completing this degree programme but is not required for admission. For candidates studying Maths, Physics, Chemistry and FM to A-level, normally our conditional offer will require A*AA in the first three (the A* in any of these) and an expectation that you continue to study FM; an analogous offer will apply if instead of FM you are studying a different A-level in addition to the first three.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 72%; Successful: 21%; Intake: 33
How to apply
Tests: PAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
Students in their fourth year undertake full-time research over three extended terms of 11-13 weeks each (37 weeks in total). This means that your living costs will be higher in your final year.
Materials Science is an interdisciplinary subject, spanning the physics and chemistry of matter, engineering applications and industrial manufacturing processes.
Modern society is heavily dependent on advanced materials: lightweight composites for faster vehicles, optical fibres for telecommunications and silicon microchips for the information revolution. Materials scientists study the relationships between the structure and properties of a material and how it is made. They also develop new materials and devise processes for manufacturing them. Materials Science is vital for developments in nanotechnology, quantum computing and nuclear fusion, as well as medical technologies such as bone replacement materials.
This diverse programme spans the subject from its foundations in physics and chemistry to the mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of materials, and the design, manufacture and applications of metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, composites and biomaterials. This work is supported by excellent laboratory and teaching facilities.
In a course taught partly by the Saïd Business School, the programme also offers an opportunity to develop an introductory understanding of entrepreneurship (learning how to write a business plan, raise capital and start a company). There are also voluntary options to learn a language (see page 5 [printed edition page number]).
The Oxford Materials degree includes in its fourth year the special feature of an eight-month full-time research project, when you join a research team here at
Oxford in one of the strongest Departments of Materials in the UK or, occasionally, at an overseas university or in an industrial laboratory (additional costs may be associated with a project outside Oxford). You will learn how to break down a complex problem, design an experiment or model, manage a project and communicate your results. These research skills are transferable to many career paths and are valued highly by employers.
The current MEng degree is accredited by the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) on behalf of the UK Engineering Council, towards the achievement of Chartered Engineer status.
Work placements/international opportunities
Students are encouraged to undertake a voluntary summer project in industry or a research laboratory. Recent locations for overseas summer projects have included Beijing, Zhejiang, Tokyo, Bochum, Krakow, Santa Barbara and Boston.
A voluntary industrial tour to an overseas destination is organised in most Easter holidays. Recent destinations include China, Sweden, Italy, Poland and Ontario.
A typical weekly timetable
During years 1 and 2, the work is divided between lectures (about ten a week), tutorials/classes (about two a week) and practicals (two or three afternoons a week). Typically the work in preparation for each tutorial or class is expected to take six to eight hours. Year 3 starts with a two-week team design project, and about eight lectures and two classes/ tutorials a week for the first two terms.
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Most of term 3 is set aside for revision. Year 4 consists of a supervised research project spanning three extended terms.
What are tutors looking for?
At interview, tutors are aware that students may not have encountered Materials Science at school or college. Tutors look for an ability to apply logical reasoning to problems in physical science, and an enthusiasm for thinking about new concepts in science and engineering.
For further information on selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
MATSCI careers
Many of our graduates apply their technical knowledge in the manufacturing industry, both in management and in research and development positions. Others enter the financial, consultancy and IT sectors. A significant proportion of graduates undertake research degrees in universities in the UK and abroad.
Katherine says: 'After leaving university I started work for Rolls-Royce (on aeroplanes, boats and power stations) as a graduate engineer, moving engineering roles within the company and around the globe every three months.'
Materials research
The final year of this course is a full-time eight-month research project.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmatsci
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.materials.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate; +44 (0) 1865 273682; schools.liaison@materials.ox.ac.uk
Materials Science Open Days 13, 14 March and 17 April 2018 – booking required: schoolsliaison@materials.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
For important additional detail on course content, progression and assessment, please visit the course details webpages (see above). The programme outline above is for Illustrative purposes and details may change from time to time.
The 1st year is currently under review – see the course details webpages for the latest information.
1st year
Courses
•	Structure of materials
•	Properties of materials
•	Transforming materials
•	Mathematics for materials science
•	Crystallography
•	Practical work
•	Foreign language (optional)
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers; continual assessment components equivalent to a fifth paper
2nd year
Courses
•	Structure and transformation of materials
•	Electronic properties of materials
•	Mechanical properties
•	Engineering applications of materials
•	Foreign language (optional)
•	Supplementary subject (optional)
•	Mathematics
•	Practical work
•	Industrial visits
•	Entrepreneurship module
•	Industrial talks
•	Communication skills
3rd year
Courses
•	Materials options courses 1
•	Materials options courses 2
•	Team design project
•	Characterisation of materials or Materials modelling module
Examples of current options courses are available on the course website (details above).
(At the start of Year 3 it is possible to transfer to a 3-year BA degree in Materials Science, graduating at the end of Year 3. See essential further information about this on the course website (details above). The BA is not accredited.)
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part I: Six written papers; continual assessment components equivalent to a further two papers
4th year
Research
Research project (full-time)
(Students are required to achieve 50% minimum in the Part I assessment in order to progress to Part II.) Additional elements include Project management, Presentation skills and an optional foreign language course
Examples of project titles are available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part II (equivalent to 4 papers): Project dissertation submitted and assessed; oral examination of project dissertation
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Mathematics BA 3 years or MMATH 4 years
UCAS code: G100
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*A*A with the A*s in Mathematics and Further Mathematics (if taken). For those for whom A-level Further Mathematics is not available: either A*AAa with A* in Mathematics and a in AS-level Further Mathematics or A*AA with A* in Mathematics.
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are expected to have Mathematics to A-level (A* grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 7) or another equivalent. Further Mathematics is highly recommended. Please see the Requirements tab for Mathematics at ox.ac.uk/ugmaths for further information.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 44%; Successful: 14%; Intake: 183
How to apply
Tests: MAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Mathematicians have always been fascinated by numbers. One of the most famous problems is Fermat's Last Theorem: if n≥3, the equation xn+yn=zn has no solutions with x, y, z all nonzero integers. An older problem is to show that one cannot construct a line of length 3√2 with ruler and compass, starting with a unit length.
Often the solution to a problem will require you to think outside its original framing. This is true here, and you will see the second problem solved in your course; the first is far too deep and was famously solved by Andrew Wiles.
In applied mathematics we use mathematics to explain phenomena that occur in the real world. You can learn how a leopard gets its spots, explore quantum theory and relativity, or study the mathematics of stock markets.
We will encourage you to ask questions and find solutions for yourself. You will need to think mathematically and we begin by teaching you careful definitions so that you can construct theorems and proofs. Above all, mathematics is a logical subject, so you will need to argue clearly and concisely as you solve problems. For some of you, this way of thinking or solving problems will be your goal. Others will want to see what further can be discovered. Either way, it is a subject we want you to enjoy.
The course
There are two Mathematics degrees, the three-year BA and the four-year MMath. Decisions regarding continuation to the fourth year do not have to be made until the third year.
The first year consists of core courses in pure and applied mathematics (including statistics). Options start in the second year, with the third and fourth years offering a large variety of courses, including options from outside mathematics.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Years 1 and 2: around ten lectures a week, two-three tutorials or classes a week
•	Additional practicals in computing (first year) and numerical analysis (if taken)
•	Years 3 and 4: six-ten lectures a week, with two-four classes a week, depending on options taken
•	Compulsory dissertation in 4th year
What are tutors looking for?
We will be looking for the potential to succeed on the course. A good mathematician is naturally inquisitive and will generally take advantage of any opportunity to further their mathematical knowledge. While AEA and STEP papers are not part of our entry requirements, we encourage applicants to take these or similar extension material, if they are available. Ultimately, we are most interested in a candidate's potential to think imaginatively, deeply and in a structured manner about the patterns of mathematics.
MATHS CAREERS
Quantitative skills are highly valued, and this degree prepares students for employment in a wide variety of occupations in the public and private sectors. Around 30% of our graduates
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go on to further study, but for those who go into work typical careers include finance, consultancy and IT.
Nathan, an engineer, says: 'During my degree I developed my ability to solve complex problems - a fundamental skill set to tackle challenges I encounter on a day-to-day basis as an engineer. The application of mathematics in engineering and manufacturing is ever increasing, meaning there will be more and more opportunities to find interesting roles in which I can apply my skills.'
Mathematical Sciences Ranked Best Overall in the UK
in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
Andrew Wiles Building
The home of Mathematics in Oxford since 2013; see more at: www.maths.ox.ac.uk
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmaths
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Mathematics Open Days: 21 and 28 April 2018 – booking required www.maths.ox.ac.uk/open-days
Course details: www.maths.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615205; undergraduate.admissions@maths.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Compulsory 1st year includes:
•	Algebra
•	Analysis
•	Probability and statistics
•	Geometry and dynamics
•	Multivariate calculus and mathematical models
Assessment
First University examinations: Five compulsory papers Computational mathematics projects
2nd year
Courses
Compulsory core of Algebra, Complex analysis, Metric spaces, Differential equations
Selection from topics including: Algebra; Number theory; Analysis; Applied analysis; Geometry; Topology; Fluid dynamics; Probability; Statistics; Numerical analysis; Graph theory; Special relativity; Quantum theory
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part A: Three core papers and six or seven optional papers
3rd and 4th years
Courses
Large variety, ranging across: Algebra; Applied and numerical analysis; Algebraic and differential geometry; Algebraic and analytic topology; Logic and set theory; Number theory; Applied probability; Statistics; Theoretical and statistical mechanics; Mathematical physics; Mathematical biology; Mathematical geoscience; Networks; Combinatorics; Information theory; Actuarial mathematics; Undergraduate ambassadors scheme; Dissertation; Mathematical philosophy; Computer Science options; History of mathematics
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
3rd year: Final University Examinations, Part B: Eight papers or equivalent
4th year: Final University Examinations, Part C: Eight papers or equivalent
Classification on Parts A and B: Currently an upper second over Parts A and B combined, as well as an upper second in Part B alone, is required to progress to Part C
MMathPhys 4th year
The Physics and Mathematics Departments jointly offer an integrated master's level course in Mathematical and Theoretical Physics. Mathematics students are able to apply for transfer to a fourth year studying entirely mathematical and theoretical physics, completing their degree with an MMathPhys. The course offers research-level training in: Particle physics, Condensed matter physics, Astrophysics, Plasma physics and Continuous media. For full details see mmathphys.physics.ox.ac.uk.
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Mathematics and Computer Science BA 3 years or MMATHCOMPSCI 4 Years
UCAS code: GG14
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA. If Further Mathematics is taken, then including A*A between Mathematics and Further Mathematics; otherwise including A* in Mathematics 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are expected to have Mathematics to A-level (A or A* grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 7) or another equivalent. Further Mathematics is highly recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 45%; Successful: 12%; Intake: 30
How to apply
Tests: MAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
This joint degree offers the opportunity to combine an appreciation of mathematical reasoning with an understanding of computing.
Mathematics is a fundamental intellectual tool in computing, but computing is increasingly used as a key component in mathematical problem-solving.
The course concentrates on areas where mathematics and computing are most relevant to each other, emphasising the bridges between theory and practice. It offers opportunities for potential computer scientists both to develop a deeper understanding of the mathematical foundations of their subject, and to acquire a familiarity with the mathematics of application areas where computers can solve otherwise intractable problems. It also gives mathematicians access to both a practical understanding of the use of computers and a deeper understanding of the limits on the use of computers in their own subject.
The first year and part of the second year of the course are spent acquiring a firm grounding in the core topics from both subjects; students are then free to choose options from a wide range of Mathematics and Computer Science subjects. In the second year students take part in a group design practical, many of which are sponsored by industry.
Course structure
Mathematics and Computer Science can be studied for three years, leading to the award of a BA degree, or for four years, leading to the award of Master of Mathematics and Computer Science. The fourth year of the Mathematics and Computer Science degree provides the opportunity to study advanced topics and undertake a more in-depth research project. Students do not need to choose between the three-year or four-year option when applying; all students apply for a four-year course, and then decide at the start of the third year whether they wish to continue to the fourth year (which is subject to achieving a 2:1 at the end of the third year).
A typical weekly timetable
The typical week for a student in Mathematics and Computer Science is similar to that for Computer Science (see page 60 [printed edition page number]) or Mathematics (see page 100 [printed edition page number]).
What are tutors looking for?
The most important qualities we are looking for are strong mathematical ability, the ability to think and work independently, the capacity to absorb and use new ideas, and a great deal of enthusiasm. We use this set of criteria and the result of the Mathematics Admissions Test to decide whom to shortlist for interview.
At the interview we will explore how you tackle unfamiliar problems and new ideas. We are more interested in how you approach problem-solving than whether you can get straight to a solution.
We do not require any previous formal qualification in computing, but we do expect you to demonstrate a real interest in the subject.
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MCS careers
This course gives training in logical thought and expression, and is a good preparation for many careers. About 20% of Mathematics and Computer Science graduates tend to go on to further study. Recent graduates secured positions as software and hardware professionals in research, finance and investment analysis, and include a product controller for an international bank, an actuarial consultant and an accountant.
Mathematical Sciences Ranked Best Overall in the UK
in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmcs
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Computer Science Open Day: 12 May 2018 – booking required www.cs.ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.maths.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615205; undergraduate.admissions@maths.ox.ac.uk
www.cs.ox.ac.uk/ugadmissions; +44 (0) 1865 273821 / 273863; undergraduate.admissions@cs.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Core Mathematics (50%)
•	Analysis
•	Continuous maths
•	Groups and group actions
•	Introduction to complex numbers
•	Introduction to university maths
•	Linear algebra
•	Probability
Core Computer Science (50%)
•	Design and analysis of algorithms
•	Functional programming
•	Imperative programming
Assessment
Five exam papers
2nd year
Courses
Computer Science (25%)
•	Algorithms
•	Models of computation 
Core Mathematics (30%)
•	Linear algebra
•	Complex analysis
•	Metric spaces 
Options in Mathematics (20%)
Options in Computer Science (25%)
The courses listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
3rd year
Courses
Mathematics
Options including:
•	Number theory
•	Communication theory 
Computer Science
Options including:
•	Computer security
•	Machine learning
•	Computational complexity
•	Lambda calculus and types
The courses listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Six exam papers (two Computer Science and four Mathematics)
Assessment
Up to ten exam papers
4th year
Research
Mathematics
Advanced options including:
•	Model theory
•	Category theory
•	Lie groups
•	Probabilistic combinatorics
Computer Science
Advanced options including:
•	Computer animation
•	Computational game theory
•	Computational learning theory
•	Automata, logic and games
•	Quantum computer science
•	Concurrent algorithms and data structures
•	Advanced security
The courses listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Written or take-home exams plus a dissertation or project report
Currently upper second required to continue to the fourth year
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Mathematics and Philosophy BA 3 Years or MMATHPHIL 4 years
UCAS code: GV15
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*A*A with the A*s in Mathematics and Further Mathematics (if taken). For those for whom A-level Further Mathematics is not available: either A*AAa with A* in Mathematics and a in AS-level Further Mathematics or A*AA with A* in Mathematics 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are expected to have Mathematics to A-level (A* grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 7) or another equivalent. Further Mathematics is highly recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 46%; Successful: 15%; Intake: 16
How to apply
Tests: MAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
This course brings together two of the most fundamental and widely applicable intellectual skills. Mathematical knowledge and the ability to use it is the most important means of tackling quantifiable problems, while philosophical training enhances the ability to analyse issues, question received assumptions and clearly articulate understanding. The combination provides a powerful background from which to proceed to graduate study in either Mathematics or Philosophy or to pursue diverse careers. Historically, there have been strong links between Mathematics and Philosophy; logic, an important branch of both subjects, provides a natural bridge between the two, as does the philosophy of mathematics.
The degree is constructed in the belief that the parallel study of these related disciplines can significantly enhance your understanding of each.
The Philosophy Faculty is the largest in the UK, and one of the largest in the world, with more than 70 full-time members and admitting around 450 undergraduates annually to read the various degrees involving Philosophy. Many faculty members have a worldwide reputation, and the faculty has the highest research ratings of any philosophy department in the UK. The Philosophy Library is among the best in the country. The large number of undergraduates and graduates reading Philosophy with a variety of other disciplines affords the opportunity to participate in a diverse and lively philosophical community.
The Mathematics Department, since 2013 housed in the Andrew Wiles Building, is also one of the largest and best in the UK and contains within it many world-class research groups. This is reflected in the wide choice of mathematics topics available to you, especially in the fourth year.
The course
There are two Mathematics and Philosophy degrees, the three-year BA and the four-year MMathPhil. Decisions regarding continuation to the fourth year do not have to be made until the third year.
The mathematics units in this joint course are all from the single-subject Mathematics course. Accordingly the standard in mathematics for admission to the joint course is the same as for admission to the single-subject Mathematics course.
The compulsory core mathematics for the joint course consists mainly of the pure (as opposed to applied) mathematics from the compulsory core for the single-subject Mathematics course. The philosophy units for the Mathematics and Philosophy course are mostly shared with the other joint courses with Philosophy.
In the first year all parts of the course are compulsory. In the second and third years some subjects are compulsory, consisting of core mathematics and philosophy and bridge papers on philosophy of mathematics and on foundations (logic and set theory), but you also choose options. In the fourth year there are no compulsory subjects, and you can do all Mathematics, all Philosophy, or a combination of the two.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Years 1 and 2: up to ten lectures a week, two-three tutorials a week
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•	Years 3 and 4: up to eight lectures a week. Equivalent of eight units taken each year. Weekly tutorials per Philosophy subject. Fortnightly classes per Mathematics unit
What are tutors looking for?
During the interview for Philosophy you will be given the opportunity to show a critical and analytical approach to abstract questions and the ability to defend a viewpoint by reasoned argument. In Mathematics you may find yourself asked to look at problems of a type that you have never seen before. Don't worry; we will help you! We want to see if you can respond to suggestions as to how to tackle new things, rather than find out simply what you have been taught.
M&P careers
Graduates secure positions in diverse areas such as software development, teaching, research, the public sector, including the Civil and Diplomatic Services, and journalism, both in the UK and abroad. Around 30% of graduates go on to further academic study.
Katherine currently works for the Bodleian Libraries. She found that the logical problem-solving skills and attention to detail she gained from studying mathematics came in useful when tackling new technical challenges in her work and whilst she completed a second master's. The experience of studying both subjects so intensely, and having to pick up and apply new knowledge quickly, gave her the confidence to work with new subject areas, including legal and medical research libraries.
Mathematical Sciences and Philosophy Ranked Best Overall in the UK
in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmp 2018 
Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Mathematics Open Days: 21 and 28 April 2018 – booking required www.maths.ox.ac.uk/open-days
Course details: www.maths.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615205; undergraduate.admissions@maths.ox.ac.uk
www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276926; enquiries@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Mathematics
•	Algebra
•	Analysis
•	Calculus and probability
Philosophy
•	Elements of deductive logic
•	General philosophy
•	Frege, Foundations of Arithmetic
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above)
Assessment
First University examinations: Five compulsory written papers
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Mathematics
•	Core pure mathematics (Algebra, Metric spaces, Complex analysis)
•	Foundations (Set theory, Logic)
•	Intermediate mathematics options 
Philosophy
•	Knowledge and reality or Early modern philosophy
•	Philosophy of mathematics
•	Further philosophy papers
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above)
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part A (2nd year): Two written papers on pure mathematics core and two written papers on mathematics options
Final University examinations, Part B (3rd year): Four 90-minute exams in Mathematics and three three-hour papers in Philosophy and either two further 90-minute Mathematics exams or one further three-hour Philosophy paper (or the equivalent)
4th year
Courses
Mathematics
Advanced options including:
•	Axiomatic set theory
•	Elliptic curves
•	Godel's incompleteness theorems
•	Infinite groups
•	Model theory
•	Stochastic differential equations
•	Optional mathematics dissertation 
Philosophy
Advanced options in Philosophy Optional Philosophy thesis
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above)
Assessment
Final University Examinations, Part C: Philosophy subjects include a 5000-word essay. Students study three Philosophy subjects or eight Mathematics units, or a mixture of the two disciplines. Upper second currently required to progress to Part C
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Mathematics and Statistics BA 3 tears or MMATH 4 years
UCAS code: GG13
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*A*A with the A*s in Mathematics and Further Mathematics (if taken). Otherwise A*AAa with A* in Mathematics and a in AS-level Further Mathematics. For those for whom A-level Further Mathematics is not available: A*AA with A* in Mathematics.
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Mathematics to A-level (A* grade), Advanced Higher (A grade), Higher Level in the IB (score 7) or another equivalent. Further Mathematics is highly recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 36%; Successful: 7%; Intake: 15
How to apply
Tests: MAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
All over the world, human beings create an immense and ever-increasing volume of data, with new kinds of data regularly emerging from science and industry, A new understanding of the value of these data to society has emerged, and with it, a new and leading role for Statistics. In order to produce sensible theories and draw accurate conclusions from data, cutting-edge statistical methods are needed. These methods use advanced mathematical ideas combined with modern computational techniques, which require expert knowledge and experience to apply. A degree in Mathematics and Statistics equips you with the skills required for developing and implementing these methods, and provides a fascinating combination of deep and mathematically well-grounded method-building and wide-ranging applied work with data.
The Department of Statistics at Oxford is an exciting and dynamic place to study, with teaching and research strengths in a wide range of modern areas of statistical science. Many of its academic staff work in the development of fundamental statistical methodology and probability. There is a strong new research group working on statistical machine learning and scalable methods for Big Data. The department's world-leading team, working on population genetics and evolution, applied new statistical methods to huge genetic data sets to unlock the secrets of human genetic variation and disease. Other groups work on applied probability, network analysis, and medical, actuarial and financial applications. These interests are reflected in the lecture courses available to undergraduates in their third and fourth years.
Course structure
The first year of this course is identical to Mathematics, and the core mathematics part of the degree is completed in the first term of the second year. Mathematics and Statistics students also follow second-year courses in probability and statistics, and the remainder of the second year allows for some choice of topics in preparation for the greater selectivity of the third and fourth years.
In the first two years it is usually straightforward to move between the Mathematics course and the Mathematics and Statistics course, subject to the availability of space on the course and to the consent of your college.
There are two Mathematics and Statistics degrees, the three-year BA and the four-year MMath. Decisions regarding continuation to the fourth year do not have to be made until the third year. All third- and fourth-year mathematical topics available in the Mathematics course are also available to Mathematics and Statistics students. The fourth year is, naturally more challenging and it provides an opportunity for more in-depth study, including a substantial Statistics project.
A typical weekly timetable
The typical week of a student in Mathematics and Statistics is similar to that for Mathematics:
•	Years 1 and 2: around ten lectures and two-three tutorials or classes a week
•	Years 3 and 4: eight-twelve lectures and two-four classes a week, depending on options taken
•	Courses involving statistical software packages have some lecture hours replaced by teaching sessions in labs.
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What are tutors looking for?
In order to succeed in the Mathematics and Statistics degree, students need to have a strong aptitude for mathematics. The criteria applied at admissions are entirely comparable to those applied to the Mathematics degree, and we refer you to the Mathematics entry (page 100 [printed edition page number]).
M&S careers
In recent years, 96% of Mathematics and Statistics graduates were in work or further study six months after graduation. The majority have joined the insurance and financial services professions, but there are a wide range of options for graduates whose studies have included a substantial amount of statistics and applied probability. There is great demand for those wishing to work in the relatively new area of data science, while careers in fields as diverse as health, technology, education and industry are all possible.
Mathematical Sciences Ranked Best Overall in the UK
in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugms
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Mathematics Open Days: 21 and 28 April 2018 – booking required www.maths.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details: www.maths.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 615205; undergraduate.admissions@maths.ox.ac.uk
www.stats.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 282926; undergraduate.admissions@stats.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Compulsory 1st year includes:
•	Algebra
•	Analysis
•	Probability and statistics
•	Geometry and dynamics
•	Multivariate calculus and mathematical models
Assessment
First University examinations: Five compulsory papers Computational mathematics projects
2nd year
Courses
Current core courses:
•	Probability
•	Statistics
•	Algebra and differential equations
•	Metric spaces and complex analysis
Current options:
•	Statistical programming and simulation
•	Selection from a menu of other options in Mathematics
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part A: Five core papers and four or five optional papers
3rd year
Courses
Current options include:
•	Applied and computational statistics
•	Statistical inference
•	Statistical machine learning
•	Applied probability
•	Statistical lifetime models
•	Actuarial science
•	Wide range of other options in Mathematics
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part B: The equivalent of eight written papers including assessed practicals
4th year (extended terms]
Research
•	Statistics project
Current options include:
•	Stochastic models in mathematical genetics
•	Network analysis
•	Advanced statistical machine learning
•	Advanced simulation methods
•	Graphical models
•	Bayes methods
•	Computational biology
•	Probabilistic Combinatorics
•	Wide range of other options in Mathematics
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part C: The equivalent of eight written papers
Currently upper second in Parts A and B combined, as well as an upper second in Part B alone, is required to progress to Part C
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Medicine BA 3 years or BM BCH 6 years
UCAS code: A100
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA in three A-levels (excluding Critical Thinking and General Studies) taken in the same academic year. Candidates are required to achieve at least a grade A in both Chemistry and at least one of Biology, Physics or Mathematics. We expect you to have taken and passed any practical component in your chosen science subjects.
Advanced Highers: AA (taken in the same academic year and to include Chemistry, plus one from: Biology, Physics or Mathematics) plus Highers: AAAAA (also taken in the same academic year)
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Candidates are required to take Chemistry and a second science (Biology or Physics) and/or Mathematics to Higher Level. Please note that we have no preference for whether the third or fourth A-level subject (or further subject in equivalent qualifications) is a science or not.
Other qualifications
Other national and international qualifications are also acceptable. Please see our website for further guidance: www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/pcmed. Any candidate in doubt as to their academic eligibility for this course is strongly encouraged to seek advice by emailing admissions@medschool.ox.ac.uk.
Level of attainment in Science and Mathematics
There are no formal GCSE requirements for Medicine. However, in order to be adequately equipped for the BMAT (see www.bmat.org.uk) and for the academic demands of the course, and if Biology, Physics or Mathematics have not been taken to A-level (or equivalent), applicants will need to have received a basic education in those subjects (for example at least a grade C/4 at GCSE, Intermediate 2 or Standard grade (Credit) or equivalent; the GCSE Dual Award Combined Sciences is also appropriate).
Graduates
Students with degrees may apply for the standard course. There are no places specifically reserved for graduates, and there is no separate application process. Graduates are in open competition with school-leavers, and need to fulfil the same entrance requirements.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 28%; Successful: 10%; Intake: 149
How to apply
Tests: BMAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Medicine is a single six-year course for fees purposes. You will be charged fees related to your year of entry to the pre-clinical course. Note: the number of international fee status medical students at each medical school in the UK is subject to a government quota: for Oxford this is currently 14 per year across both the A100 and A101 Medicine courses.
Additional costs
There are no mandatory additional costs for the pre-clinical years. Students in the Clinical School study for extended terms. You will need to budget for higher living costs in these three years, as you will be required to be in Oxford for longer than the standard terms.
Please see ox.ac.uk/ugmedicine (Fees and Funding tab) for more information.
The accelerated course (graduate entry)
Graduates in experimental science subjects may be eligible to apply for the four-year accelerated course (UCAS code A101 BMBCh4). After a two-year transition phase covering basic science and clinical skills, the accelerated programme leads into the final two years of the standard course and to the same Oxford medical qualification as the standard (six-year) course. The four-year course is designed specifically for science graduates, and places a strong emphasis on the scientific basis of medical practice.
Applicants to the four-year accelerated course must follow the application procedure (described on page 184 [printed edition page number]) (including the BMAT), and also complete an additional Oxford application form. See www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/study/medicine for further information and details of eligibility.
The practice of Medicine offers a breadth of experiences impossible to find in any other subject. Every day brings different patients with different needs. It's a great choice for scientists who strive to understand and apply research findings to improve the lives of the patients in their care. It offers a meaningful career that is prestigious, secure and relatively well paid. However, practising Medicine can be arduous, stressful, frustrating and bureaucratic and it's not suited to everyone. You need to be sure that Medicine is the right choice for you. These pages will help you work that out, but there's no better way to find out for sure than by gaining insight of medical practice by seeing it in action and talking to those who provide healthcare. Studying Medicine because that is what is expected of you is never a good idea: make sure that your motives for choosing to do so are well reasoned.
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The Medicine course at Oxford provides a well-rounded intellectual training with particular emphasis on the basic science research that underpins medicine. We have retained a distinct three-year pre-clinical stage that includes studying towards a BA Honours degree in Medical Sciences, followed by a three-year clinical stage.
The Medical School at Oxford is relatively small, allowing students and staff to get to know one another and benefit from a relaxed and friendly atmosphere.
The pre-clinical stage
Applicants are initially admitted to the pre-clinical stage of the course.
The first five terms of this course are devoted to the First BM. This addresses not only much of the science that underpins Medicine, but also the clinical problems that arise when systems fail. Students are introduced to the major systems of the body and study all aspects of their structure and function in health and also the principles of disease processes. Students are encouraged to develop an enquiring approach and to consider the experimental basis of the science in the course. Matters of clinical relevance are illustrated from the outset with students making regular visits to GP tutors.
The First BM is followed by a four- term BA Honours course (the Final Honour School) in Medical Sciences. Students specialise in an area of biomedical science selected from a range of options. They will become adept at working from primary research literature, and will be encouraged to think both critically and creatively. Students will gain in-depth knowledge of their chosen option, as well as advanced technical skills at the laboratory bench and in scientific data handling and presentation.
The Principles of Clinical Anatomy course, delivered at the end of the third year, is designed to teach students clinically relevant aspects of anatomy that will be of immediate use in their clinical years.
Teaching methods and study support
During the pre-clinical stage of the course, the college tutorial system is a central feature: students see their tutors and are taught weekly in groups often as small as two. This teaching can be tailored to individuals' needs and interests. Most University lectures, seminars and practical classes take place in the Medical Sciences Teaching Centre in the Science Area. Lecturers are drawn from Oxford's extensive pre-clinical and clinical departments, all of which have international reputations for excellence in research, and the courses are organised on an interdisciplinary basis so as to emphasise the interrelatedness of all aspects of the curriculum.
Research work
All students at Oxford undertake an experimental research project as part of their BA in Medical Sciences. This will be in a field of interest to the student, and will offer valuable first-hand experience of scientific research. Students have the opportunity to undertake research in a laboratory from a wide range of departments within the Medical Sciences Division.
A typical weekly timetable
During the First BM, lectures and practicals occupy about half of the time, and the remainder is free for tutorial work, self-directed study and extra-curricular activities. During the BA course, formal lecturing is kept to a minimum, and students are mostly free to pursue their research and to prepare for tutorials and seminars. Strong academic support ensures that students manage their time effectively.
Best in the World for Medicine
Oxford Medical Sciences have been ranked number one for the last seven years in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for clinical, pre-clinical and health sciences – the only non-North American institution to be top-ranked by THE in any subject discipline.
No.1 in National Student Survey
Oxford's Medical School has been the highest rated for student satisfaction for the past ten years.
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Progress to clinical training
At the start of the third year students can apply to the Oxford Clinical School or one of the London Medical Schools to undertake their Clinical Training.
What are tutors looking for?
Please note that competition to study Medicine at Oxford is particularly strong and only around 425 applicants are shortlisted for interview each year. Applicants are shortlisted for interview on the basis of BMAT performance, GCSE performance (if applicable) and other information on their application. No student is admitted without interview. All shortlisted candidates, including those from overseas, will be expected to come to Oxford for interview in December.
Students are selected for their scientific ability and for their aptitude for Medicine. Applicants are expected to show that they have a realistic understanding of what a medical career will involve, and that they have the potential to become effective and caring doctors. All colleges use a common set of selection criteria that relate to academic potential and suitability for Medicine.
For further information about selection criteria, please see: www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/pcmed/criteria.
Applicants are free to make reference to skills or experience acquired in any context to illustrate how they might fulfil the selection criteria; sometimes candidates refer to voluntary work and other extra- curricular activities, but many forms of evidence can help demonstrate to tutors that a candidate has made an informed decision regarding their own suitability to study Medicine.
Application conditions
Oxford conforms to the UK Department of Health's requirements regarding immunisation status and the GMC's conditions on Fitness to Practise, and a satisfactory Disclosure and Barring Service check. Students may be refused entry to, or be removed from, the University's Register of Medical Students on grounds that may be either academic or non-academic (for instance health or conduct). Applicants should be aware that some practical studies involving living animal tissue are an obligatory component of the course. Note that students must have reached their 18th birthday on or before the first day of full term in the first year of the course.
Medicine careers
A vast array of speciality training pathways is available after obtaining a medical qualification, ranging from General Practice or emergency medicine through obstetrics or ophthalmology to paediatrics or psychiatry.
Of course, you need not remain confined to the clinic, ward or the operating theatre: the lecture theatre or the laboratory could also beckon. Some of our graduates end up leading the education of the next generation of doctors or directing biomedical research. You don't need to know right now what you want to do when you qualify: the Medical School organises careers sessions for final-year clinical students and helps students learn about and apply for foundation house officer posts.
BM BCh graduates are entitled to provisional registration with the General Medical Council (GMC) with a licence to practise, subject to demonstrating to the GMC that their fitness to practise is not impaired.
Tzveta is currently training to be an oncologist. She says: 'Many universities can teach you how to be a foundation doctor. Oxford taught me how to work through problems carefully and logically from first principles, and gave me the theoretical grounding to be able to do
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so. I had the opportunity to read key papers in my subject, then discuss them with the academics who had published them. Most importantly, Oxford taught me that I was capable of much more than I imagined or believed. Though I have gone from essay crises to night shifts, from finals to Royal College exams, the focused determination it instilled within me remains, driving me through any challenges faced along the way.'
Kanmin graduated from pre-clinical medicine in 2003. He is now a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Academic Clinical Lecturer in ophthalmology at the University of Oxford, undergoing 50:50 surgical retina fellowship training and translational research into gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases. Kanmin says: 'The weekly essays and tutorials with world-leading academics in the colleges were an invaluable experience. In those intimate 'mind sparring' exercises, you go beyond the standard curriculum and probe the boundaries of the fundamental science behind modern medicine. In this way, Oxford nurtures not only sound medical practitioners but also future explorers and leaders in medicine... Of course, studying medicine at Oxford involves a lot of hard work. But the opportunities are also there to take part in the most vibrant student society/club life, whatever your hobby or background.'
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmedicine
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/pcmed; admissions@medschool.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
First BM part 1: terms 1-3
Courses
•	Organisation of the body
•	Physiology and pharmacology
•	Biochemistry and medical genetics
•	Population health: Medical sociology
•	Patient and doctor course
Assessment
•	Three core computer-based assessments
•	Four written papers
•	Satisfactory practical record
First BM part 2: terms 4-5
Courses
•	Applied physiology and pharmacology
•	The nervous system
•	Principles of pathology
•	Psychology for medicine
•	Patient and doctor course
Assessment
•	Three core computer-based assessments
•	Four written papers
•	Satisfactory practical record
Final honour school in medical sciences: terms 6-9
Courses
•	Option (currently one from: Neuroscience; Molecular medicine; Infection and immunity; Cardiovascular, renal and respiratory biology; Cellular physiology and pharmacology)
•	Research project
•	Extended essay
•	Principles of clinical anatomy
A full list of course options is available at: www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/pcmed/course
Assessment
•	Written papers
•	Submission of extended essay and research project write-up
•	Oral presentation of research project
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Modern Languages BA 4 Years with a year abroad Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish
UCAS codes: see table and ox.ac.uk/courses
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
There are several combinations available that allow students to begin studying a language from scratch. However, please note that it is not usually possible for students to study two languages from scratch or a language on its own from scratch. Candidates would be expected to have competence in at least one of the languages chosen.
For French or Spanish 
Candidates would usually be expected to have the language to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another academic equivalent.
For Czech, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese and Russian
Please note there are different course codes for these languages, depending on whether or not you have studied them before. Beginners' courses allow students to start studying one of these languages from scratch – otherwise they would be expected to have an A-level or equivalent (or, for German, an A-level or equivalent proven competence). The Beginners' German course also includes an intermediate option for those who have studied some German, Find out more at www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk.
For Polish
We generally expect all students applying for this course to be beginners, though those with experience are also very welcome to apply.
Course options
Some Modern Languages may be studied on their own (not from scratch):
French R110
German R200
Russian R711
Spanish R400
Two modern languages may be studied in combination: see ox.ac.uk/courses for course codes.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 88%; Successful: 35%; Intake: 162
How to apply
Tests: MLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: Two/three pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Studying Modern Languages provides both practical training in written and spoken language and also an extensive introduction to European literature and thought. As well as learning to write and speak the language(s) fluently, you can study a broad range of literature, or focus your studies on any period from the medieval to the present day. A wide range of other options allow you to explore subjects including linguistics, philology, film studies or (in French and German) advanced translation.
Modern Languages have been taught in Oxford since 1724. The faculty is one of the largest in the country, with a total intake of more than 250 students a year (including joint courses). Undergraduate students can use the Taylor Institution Library, the biggest research library in Britain devoted to modern languages.
Language is at the centre of the Oxford course, making up around 50% of both first-year and final examinations. The course aims to teach spoken fluency in colloquial and more formal situations, the ability to write essays in the foreign language, and the ability to translate into and out of the foreign language with accuracy and sensitivity to a range of vocabulary, styles and registers. You will also develop your reading skills to a high level. The University's excellently equipped Language Centre (see page 5[printed edition page number]) has resources specifically tailored to the needs of Modern Language students.
The study of literature gives you an understanding of other cultures that
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cannot be acquired solely through learning the language. It leads you into areas such as gender issues, popular culture, theatre studies, aesthetics, anthropology, art history, ethics, history, philosophy, politics, psychology and theology, developing your skills as a critical reader, writer and thinker.
Course structure
Your first year is closely structured. You will attend oral classes and courses on the grammatical structure of your language(s), translation into and out of the language(s) and, in some of the languages, comprehension. You will also attend introductory lecture courses and participate in seminars and/or tutorials on literature. If you study French, German, Spanish or Russian as a single language you will take a range of additional options in that language in the first year (see below). All other languages must be studied in combination with another language or another subject.
Your other years of study give you more freedom to choose the areas on which you wish to focus, from a very wide range of options. Students studying courses with Polish take this as a subsidiary language, beginning in the second year. Catalan, Galician, Provencal, Yiddish and most of the Slavonic languages may also be taken as additional options.
International opportunities
Modern Languages students spend a compulsory year abroad, usually in the third year. They may work as paid language assistants in a foreign school or do internships abroad, both of which provide valuable opportunities to develop career experience while improving language competence. The year may also be spent studying at a foreign university. (Students taking Beginners' Russian spend the second year – as opposed to the third year – of their studies on a specially designed eight-month language course in the city of Yaroslavl.) Students are encouraged to spend as much as possible of their vacations in the countries whose languages they are studying. In addition to the possibility of Erasmus funding, extra financial support, including travel scholarships, may be available from your college and/or the faculty.
A typical weekly timetable
Your week's work will include a tutorial in, or organised by, your college, language classes in the language(s) you study, and typically three to four hours of lectures for each subject.
Deferred entry
Students are welcome to apply for deferred entry for any language courses except those including Beginners' Russian.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors will be looking for a good command of the grammar of any language you have already studied at school and want to continue studying at Oxford, as well as an interest in literature and culture.
Tutors want to find out as much as possible about your intellectual interests and academic potential, so you may be asked about your reading, your interest in the culture of the relevant country, or the work you have submitted. You may be asked questions about a short passage in English or the relevant foreign language(s). You will be given the opportunity to speak in the relevant foreign language(s) which you have studied to an advanced level. As far as possible, interviewers will try to let you show your strengths, interest in the subject(s) you intend to study, and reasons for applying to Oxford.
For more information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
World Top Three
Oxford Modern Languages has been consistently ranked in the top three in the QS World Rankings by subject since 2014.
Erasmus+
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for details of current Erasmus opportunities for this course.
Language Careers
Oxford aims to produce world-class linguists, and the skills gained and fostered by studying languages at degree level are much prized by employers. Their knowledge and 
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transferable skills ensure that modern linguists are amongst the most sought-after graduates in Britain. Employers value Modern Languages graduates because they are competent in one or two languages, have aquired a range of transferable skills and have first-hand experience of other cultures. Amongst the careers successfully followed by modern linguists are: journalism, management, the law, teaching and lecturing, arts and administration, civic and diplomatic service, environmental and development work, and many more.
Catherine is Director of the Refugee Support Network. She says: 'Since graduating from Oxford, I have worked in the field of refugee education and education in emergencies for various charities, including Save the Children and various United Nations agencies.
The skills I gained at Oxford have helped me to analyse situations thoughtfully and critically, and gave me the confidence to establish the Refugee Support Network in 2009. I never thought I would use my language skills in situations as diverse as Sudanese refugee camps, with Haitian earthquake survivors and with young victims of trafficking in London.'
The Taylor Institution Library
Part of the world-famous Bodleian Libraries, the Taylor Institution Library is the biggest research library in Britain devoted to modern languages.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugml
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Modern Languages Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details: www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Two-language course
•	practical language work
•	study of important works and/or topics in the literature of each language
One-language course: as above, plus
•	for French, German, Russian and Spanish, additional options: film studies; literary theory (French); medieval studies (German/Spanish); key texts in French or German thought; short fiction (Spanish); Polish and Church Slavonic (Russian)
Other languages must be studied in combination with another language or joint school.
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Seven or eight written papers, including translation and literature (language only for Beginners' Russian).
2nd year
Courses
Two-language course
•	practical language work
•	a period of literature in each language
•	optional subjects, including linguistics; medieval literature; detailed study of individual authors
One-language course
•	as above, but including a greater range of optional subjects
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
3rd and 4th years
Courses
Year 3
Typically spent abroad 
Beginners' Russian: Students spend the second year in Russia, and the third year in Oxford
Year 4
Continues the course from year 2, plus special subjects across a wide range of options including film studies
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Nine or ten written papers and an oral examination are taken, including unprepared translations, literature subjects, special subjects and linguistics. Some special subjects are examined by submitting a portfolio of essays.
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Love languages?
Language-based courses at Oxford are offered by several different departments, and there are lots of opportunities to mix-and-match, or to study a language alongside another subject. Almost all of these languages can be learnt from scratch.
Modern Languages page 112 [print edition page number]
Czech (with Slovak)
French
German
Greek (modern)
Italian
Polish
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Plus subsidiary options in: Catalan, Galician, Provençal, Yiddish, most Slavonic languages
History and Modern Languages page 88 [print edition page number]
English and Modern Languages page 72 [print edition page number]
Philosophy and Modern Languages page 124 [print edition page number]
Modern Languages and Linguistics page 116 [print edition page number]
European and Middle Eastern Languages page 74 [print edition page number]
Classics and Modern Languages page 56 [print edition page number]
Classics page 52 [print edition page number]
Latin
Greek (ancient)
Classics and English page 54 [print edition page number]
Classics with Oriental Studies page 58 [print edition page number]
Classics and Modern Languages page 56 [print edition page number]
Oriental Studies page 120 [print edition page number]
Arabic
Hebrew
Persian
Turkish
Akkadian
Chinese
Egyptian
Japanese
Sanskrit
plus subsidiary options in:
Aramaic, Coptic, Hindi, Hittite, Korean, Old Iranian, Pali, Prakrit, Sumerian, Syriac, Tibetan
Religion and Oriental Studies page 138 [printed edition page number]
Classics with Oriental Studies page 58 [print edition page number]
European and Middle Eastern Languages page 74 [print edition page number]
Law with Law Studies in Europe (page 96 [print edition page number]) gives you the chance to study French, German, Italian or Spanish law – in the relevant language and country. (You can also study European Law in the Netherlands, which is taught in English.)
Extra-curricular Language learning
Any Oxford student can learn a language at the University’s Language Centre – see page 5 [print edition page number]
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Modern Languages and Linguistics BA 4 years with a year abroad
UCAS codes: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
No experience of studying Linguistics is required, though knowledge of the relevant modern language may be expected, as detailed under course combinations. English Language, Mathematics, a science or any other language may be useful for some elements of the course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 85%; Successful: 34%; Intake: 26
How to apply
Tests: MLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One to three pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Course combinations
You can either study Linguistics with a Modern Language you already speak, or with a Modern Language you'd like to learn from scratch. For the following course combinations you would usually be expected to have the Modern Language to A-level (or another academic equivalent).
Linguistics and:
French RQ11
German RQ21
Modern Greek QQ71
Italian RQ31
Portuguese RQ51
Russian RQ71
Spanish RQ41
The following course combinations allow you to begin studying a Modern Language from scratch. Linguistics and:
Beginners' Modern Greek QQ72
Beginners' Italian QR13
Beginners' Portuguese RQ5D
This course allows students to study one modern language in depth together with Linguistics, the study of language itself. Part of your course will consist of developing your practical language skills to a high level, and you will engage with the literature and culture associated with the language (see Modern Languages, page 112 [printed edition page number]).
In your study of Linguistics, you will be introduced to the analysis of the nature and structure of human language (including topics such as how words and sentences are formed, how we make and hear sounds, how languages change and vary and how language is organised in the brain) and you will apply these ideas to the study of your chosen language.
The University has particular expertise in general linguistics, phonetics, phonology, syntax and semantics, psycholinguistics and in the history and structure of many individual European languages and language families. All these combine to offer a mutually reinforcing package: on the one hand the theoretical study of what human language is and how it works: on the other, the detailed study of issues of language structure and change applied to the specific language you are studying. You will find a wide range of options available, allowing you to concentrate on those areas you find most exciting.
International opportunities
Students spend a year abroad before their final year. Please see Modern Languages (page 112 [printed edition page number]) for more information.
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A typical weekly timetable
Your week's work will include a tutorial on linguistics or literature, in or arranged by your college, a linguistics class and language classes on different skills relating to the language or languages you study, and five or six lectures.
What are tutors looking for?
Language tutors look for a good command of any language you have already studied and want to continue studying at Oxford, and a strong interest in literature and culture.
Linguistics is a subject that most students start from scratch at University. Therefore admission tutors look for potential, in the form of an interest in exploring the nature of human language together with an aptitude for describing and analysing it. Furthermore, tutors look for a willingness to learn the formal tools required for rigorous and detailed investigation and leading to a deep understanding of the use, history and structure of the language you are studying.
For further information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
MLL careers
The training in rigorous analysis provided by Linguistics, coupled with highly developed practical competence in a language, gives graduates an excellent basis for a wide range of careers in language-related employment and other areas.
Recent Modern Languages and Linguistics graduates include a management consultant, a brand marketing manager, a market researcher for a company in the chemical industry, a psychology lecturer and a teacher.
Erasmus+
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for details of current Erasmus opportunities for this course.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmll
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Modern Languages and joint courses Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details: www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk 
www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 280400; enquiries@ling-phil.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline 
1st year
Courses
Modern Language
•	Practical language work (two papers)
•	Study of important works and/or topics in the literature of the language (two papers)
Linguistics
•	General linguistics
•	Phonetics and phonology
•	Grammatical analysis
Assessment
First University examinations: Seven written papers, including translation and literature
2nd and 4th years (3rd year spent abroad]
Courses
Modern Language
•	Practical language work
•	A period of literature
•	Optional further subject chosen from a wide range
Linguistics
•	General linguistics
•	History of the language you will be studying
•	Structure and use of that language in its modern form
•	One or two specialist options, for example: Syntax; semantics and pragmatics; phonetics and phonology; sociolinguistics; psycholinguistics; linguistic project
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Eight or nine papers and an oral examination
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Music BA 3 years
UCAS code: W300
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are expected to have Music to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent. Keyboard ability of ABRSM Grade V or above is also highly recommended. If unsure about your qualifications please contact: academic.admin@music.ox.ac.uk.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 89%; Successful: 38%; Intake: 70
How to apply
Tests: None required 
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork and the how to apply tab at ox.ac.uk/ugmusic for details
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Why study Music?
•	We 'study' music by reading, listening, performing and composing.
•	We investigate, through analysis, the relationships between the various parts of the composition.
•	We use documentary evidence to explore how reliable and authoritative a score is and how to perform it.
•	We investigate the various uses of music to see how a musical work (or repertory or style) has been shaped over time, and how it might differ from that of earlier ages or of different cultures.
Music at Oxford
•	Music has been part of the life of Oxford for more than 800 years.
•	There are 30 academic staff – scholars with distinguished reputations as musicologists, performers or composers.
•	Numerous speakers and professional performing ensembles visit.
•	Students enjoy performance and composition workshops, and play an active part in the life of their colleges – in chapels, orchestras, ensembles, bands and stage performances.
•	The faculty building incorporates practice rooms, electronic music and recording studios, and probably one of the best music libraries in a British university. The world-famous Bate Collection of Musical Instruments, housed in the faculty, lends historical instruments to students.
•	The course is broadly based but allows increasing specialisation and choice as you proceed. Performance and composition are prominent, but you can concentrate on other areas such as history or analysis.
•	Students graduate as mature and well- rounded musicians with an informed and lively sense of the contemporary study and practice of the subject.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Four to six lectures a week
•	One or two tutorials in college
•	Practice, workshops and rehearsals
•	More time for independent study in the summer terms.
What are tutors looking for?
Potential to engage with the course through a genuine spirit of enquiry and keenness to think critically about music. For further information about the selection criteria see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
From a Music student
“The Oxford music course suits me because it is broad and varied, but also has lots of space to make it my own. For my final exams I am sitting papers in broad aspects of music history (from English renaissance polyphony to electronic music), analysis and issues to do with how we study music, but I am also writing a dissertation about the music in a primary school near Oxford, essays on Brazilian music, and a report from the term I spent working on a music project with children with autism. I have friends who are playing the Rite of Spring for piano duet for a chamber music exam, who are singing Schubert Lieder for a solo recital, and who are analysing Bach organ fugues for an analysis portfolio – and those are just the people in my year in my college! If you are passionate about music, and keen to explore the subject from many different angles, there will be something in the Oxford course for you” Sarah
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Music careers
Teaching, performance and arts administration are among the more popular destinations for Music graduates, but others include broadcasting, publishing, the law, politics and the Civil Service. Many students undertake further study in performance, often at conservatoires in the UK and abroad.
After graduating, Fabienne secured a marketing and public relations internship with the Philharmonia Orchestra. She then worked for the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and London Symphony Orchestra before being headhunted for her current role as Head of Communications and Marketing at Intermusica, an industry- leading international classical music management agency. She says; 'Our roster includes Marin Alsop, Sir John Eliot Gardiner, Daniil Trifonov, Sir Willard White, James MacMillan, Leonidas Kavakos and many others. Naturally my music degree has proved an extremely helpful foundation for a career in classical music management but I would say that the most important thing I gained from Oxford was confidence and resilience and being able to meet people from all walks of life.'
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugmusic
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.music.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 286264; academic.admin@music.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline 
1st year
Courses
Six subjects are taken (one chosen from a list of options)
Compulsory
•	Special topics, for example: Machaut's songs; Historically informed performance; Schubert's last decade; Psychology of everyday musical experience; Global hip hop
•	Musical analysis
•	Techniques of composition and keyboard skills
Options
•	Issues in the study of music
•	Composition
•	Performance
•	Extended essay
Please note that the courses listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Three written papers and one 'take-away' paper, a practical examination and a recital/portfolio of compositions/essay
2nd and 3rd years 
Courses
Eight subjects are taken (six chosen from a list of options) 
Compulsory
•	Topics in music history before 1750
•	Topics in music history after 1700 
Optional topics studied
•	Musical analysis and criticism
•	Musical thought and scholarship
•	Techniques of composition
•	Solo performance
•	Orchestration
•	Dissertation
•	Composition portfolio
•	Edition with commentary
•	Analysis portfolio
•	Music ethnography
•	Chamber music performance
•	Choral conducting
•	Choral performance
•	Special topic papers. Some recent examples include: Music perception; Music in Scandinavia; Women composers; Dance music; Lieder; Music & society in England, 1851-1914; Music in the community
Please note that the courses listed above are illustrative and may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Three or more written papers and a combination of take-away papers, portfolio submissions, recitals and practical tests, depending on the options chosen
[120]
Oriental Studies BA 3 or 4 years (see individual subjects) Arabic, Chinese, Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Hebrew Studies, Japanese, Jewish Studies, Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish
UCAS codes: see tables
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Students are not expected to have studied an Oriental language before. A language to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent can be helpful to students in completing this course, although this is not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 84%; Successful: 26%; Intake: 42
How to apply
Tests: OLAT (for Arabic/Hebrew/Jewish Studies/Persian/Turkish options only). For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: Two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Additional costs
During the year abroad, the Oriental Institute covers the cost of language tuition, but not living costs and flights. For more information, see www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/article/our-courses 
Among subjects in the humanities, Oriental Studies is unique in introducing students to civilisations that are different from the Western ones that form the basis of the curriculum in most British schools and colleges. The courses present both the major traditions of the regions studied and, in most cases, their modern developments. All courses include language, literature, history and culture and there is a wide range of options in such fields as art and archaeology, history, literature, philosophy, religion and modern social studies.
Oriental Studies has a long history in Oxford. The Bodleian and other libraries have acquired magnificent collections. The Oriental Institute, Institute for Chinese Studies, Bodleian Japanese and Indian Institute Libraries are all specialists in their respective fields. Around the corner from the Oriental Institute is the Ashmolean Museum, which houses superb collections. The Sackler Library contains the renowned Griffith Library, one of the finest libraries in the world for the study of ancient Egypt and the Ancient Near East.
Work placements/international opportunities
Most courses offer the opportunity to spend time in the region being studied. The Arabic course includes a year in the Middle East, the Persian and Turkish courses a year in Iran (due to visa restrictions some students are unable to travel to Iran, in which case separate individual arrangements are made) or Turkey respectively, and the Hebrew course an optional year in Israel. The Chinese and Japanese courses also include a year in China and Japan respectively.
What are tutors looking for?
Successful candidates are expected to demonstrate the following: high academic achievement, potential for the intended course of study and strong motivation. Oriental Studies requires a capacity for hard work and the ability to tackle foreign languages as well as skills of analysis, argument and essay writing. For further information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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OS careers
The skills developed while studying for a degree in Oriental Studies are greatly appreciated by a wide range of employers. Career options include finance, the media, commerce, the Civil Service, the law, accountancy and the arts. Around 30% of Oriental Studies graduates go on to further study.
Andi, who graduated with a BA (OS) in Japanese, is Director of International Business Development at Ping Identity. He says: 'My time at Oxford gave me a good foundation for the varied demands of both small and large companies, and the skills required to handle the constant change and learning required in the software industry. I've had the opportunity to do business in Japan on several occasions through my career.'
lason, who graduated with a BA (OS) in Arabic, is a photojournalist, film-maker and lecturer currently working for the UN in Libya. He says: 'I have lived in Cairo, Damascus, Sanaa and Tehran, and covered events like the 2011 Arab revolts and the Greek economic crisis. After studying for a master's in Persian and Contemporary Iranian Studies, I was a Nieman fellow at Harvard.'
Beijing, Kobe & Oxford
Peking University hosts the year abroad for students of Chinese. The University of Kobe is our partner in the Kobe-Oxford Japanese Studies Programme.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugos
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oriental Studies Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/article/open-days
Course details: www.orinst.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 278312; undergraduate.admissions@orinst.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Arabic and Islamic Studies T601; Arabic with subsidiary language T6T9; Persian T613; Persian with subsidiary language T6TX; Turkish T600; Turkish with subsidiary language T6TY
Options listed are only illustrative of what is available. A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
1st year
Courses
•	Elementary language
•	Islamic history and culture
Assessment
First University examinations after term 3: Three written papers; an oral exam (Arabic only)
2nd year
Courses
Year abroad: approved course of language instruction
Assessment
Qualifying examination at the end of the course
3rd and 4th years
Courses
•	Core work on language and literature
•	History
•	Specialisation or subsidiary language
Assessment
Final University examinations:
Oral exam and eight or nine written papers (one of which may be a dissertation)
[122]
Chinese T101
Options listed are only illustrative of what is available. A full list of current options is available on the course website (see page 121 [printed edition page number]).
1st year
Courses
•	Elementary language in classical and modern Chinese
•	History and culture
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers; an oral exam
2nd year
Courses
•	Year abroad at Peking University
3rd and 4th years
Courses
•	Extended language classes and historical study
•	Options: Ancient history; Literature; Modern society and politics; or subsidiary languages: Tibetan, Japanese or Korean
Assessment
Final University examinations: Oral examination; eight written papers; dissertation
Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies Q401; Egyptology Q400; Ancient Near Eastern Studies Q402
Options listed are only illustrative of what is available. A full list of current options is available on the course website (see page 121 [printed edition page number]).
1st year
Courses
•	Broad survey of civilisations of Egypt and the Ancient Near East
•	Language teaching in Egyptian or Akkadian
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers
2nd year
Courses
•	Addition of second language, or Archaeology and Anthropology
•	Language options: Akkadian, Egyptian, Arabic, Aramaic and Syriac, Coptic, Hebrew (Biblical and Mishnaic), Old Iranian, Sumerian or Hittite (if available)
•	Literary and historical topics through study of texts and essay writing
•	Intensive class work
•	Artefact classes
Subject to acceptance, students may also have the option of Classical Greek or Latin from the Classics with Oriental Studies degree. See page 58 [printed edition page number].
3rd and 4th years
Courses
•	Essay writing and dissertation work
•	Intensive classes in the first and second terms
•	Artefact classes
•	Field of concentration
Assessment
Final University examinations: Ten units
Hebrew Studies Q480 (primarily languages, literature, culture and history)
Options listed are only illustrative of what is available. A full list of current options is available on the course website (see page 121 [printed edition page number]).
1st year
Courses
•	Intensive study in Hebrew language in all periods
•	Introduction to Jewish history and culture
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers
2nd year
•	Handling Hebrew texts and developing knowledge of historical and cultural background
•	Choice of options from Jewish Studies
3rd and 4th years
Courses
•	Texts
•	Historical and cultural background 
3rd year can optionally be spent abroad
Assessment
Final University examinations: Seven written papers; dissertation 4-year course only: oral examination
[123]
Japanese T201
Options listed are only illustrative of what is available. A full list of current options is available on the course website (see page 121 [printed edition page number]).
1st year
Courses
•	Elementary Japanese language
•	History and culture
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers
2nd year
Courses
•	Year abroad at Kobe University
Assessment
Test at end of course
3rd and 4th years
Courses
•	Extended language classes
•	Options (five subjects to be chosen): Classical literature; Modern literature; Linguistics; History; Politics; Economics; Subsidiary language (counts as three subjects); either Chinese, Korean or Tibetan
Assessment
Final University examinations: Oral examination; eight written papers; dissertation
Jewish Studies QV91(primarily focused on the history, religion and culture of the Jews from biblical to modern times)
A full list of current options is available on the course website (see page 121 [printed edition page number]).
1st year
Courses
•	Intensive study in Hebrew language in all periods
•	Introduction to Jewish history and culture
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers
2nd year
Courses
•	Options (three subjects to be chosen)
3rd year
Courses
•	Options (two subjects to be chosen)
Assessment
Final University examinations: Seven written papers; dissertation
Sanskrit Q450
Options listed are only illustrative of what is available. A full list of current options is available on the course website (see page 121 [printed edition page number]).
1st year
Courses
•	Intensive language teaching
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers
2nd year
Courses
•	Preparation for Final University examinations in third year
•	Study of Sanskrit grammar
•	Subsidiary language options: Hindi, Old Iranian, Pali, Prakrit and Tibetan
3rd year
•	Sanskrit literature
•	Special subject
Assessment
Final University examinations: Nine papers: seven in Sanskrit and two in subsidiary languages
[124]
Philosophy and Modern Languages BA 4 Years Philosophy and either Czech (with Slovak), French, German, Modern Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian or Spanish
UCAS codes: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are not required to have any experience of studying Philosophy though some background reading is highly recommended.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 83%; Successful: 30%; Intake: 17
How to apply
Tests: MLAT (including a Philosophy test). For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: One/two pieces See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The year abroad has lower fees and may have extra funding: see ox.ac.uk/erasmus
Course combinations
You can either study Philosophy with a Modern Language you already speak, or with a Modern Language you'd like to learn from scratch.
For the following course combinations you would usually be expected to have the Modern Language to A-level, or another academic equivalent.
Philosophy and:
Czech VR57
French VR51
German VR52
Modern Greek VQ57
Italian VR53
Portuguese VR55
Russian VRM7
Spanish VR54
The following course combinations allow you to begin studying a Modern Language from scratch.
Philosophy and:
Beginners' Czech VR5R
Beginners' Modern Greek VR59
Beginners' Italian RV35
Beginners' Portuguese VR5M
Philosophy and Modern Languages brings together some of the most important approaches to understanding language, literature and ideas.
The study of philosophy develops analytical rigour and the ability to criticise and reason logically. It allows you to apply these skills to questions ranging from how we acquire knowledge and form moral judgements to the nature of language, art and literature. Since many works of literature are shaped by the dominant philosophical ideas of their epoch, study of philosophy can illuminate that intellectual background.
The study of a modern European language develops analytical and critical abilities as well as linguistic skills to a high level; the study of the literature written in that language contributes to an understanding of many aspects of European culture.
It develops attention to stylistic and terminological detail and rhetorical strategies, and sensitivity to cultural and historical context, which are also of great value to the study of philosophy.
Studying these two disciplines in parallel has numerous advantages and affords students greater insights into each.
The Philosophy Faculty is the largest philosophy department in the UK, and one of the largest in the world, admitting around 450 undergraduates annually to read the various degrees involving Philosophy. Many faculty members have a worldwide reputation and our library and other facilities are acknowledged as among the best in the country.
Oxford's Modern Languages Faculty is one of the largest in the country, with a total intake of more than 250 students a year, including those reading joint degrees. The Taylor Institution is the biggest modern languages research library in the UK. The Modern Languages Faculty also has an undergraduate lending library, and students are able to take advantage of the excellently equipped Language Centre (see page 5 [printed edition page number]).
[125]
International opportunities
Students spend a year abroad before their final year. Please see Modern Languages (page 112 [printed edition page number]) for more information.
A typical weekly timetable
Your work is divided between tutorials (one or two weekly), lectures (about six hours weekly) and classes (first-year logic, language classes throughout the course: about two to three hours weekly). The rest of your week will be spent in independent study to prepare essays for tutorials and improve your command of your language.
What are tutors looking for?
At interview, tutors will be looking for interest in the proposed fields of study, relevant linguistic ability, a critical and analytical response to questions and/or texts and the ability to defend a viewpoint by reasoned argument.
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
PML careers
Philosophy and Modern Languages graduates enter careers including academic teaching and research, teaching, commerce, banking and financial services, journalism and communications. An Oxford degree in a modern language opens up opportunities for international careers or working with global companies or organisations.
Recent Philosophy and Modern Languages graduates include an economic consultant, a management consultant and a bilingual editor for a publishing company.
Erasmus+
Please see ox.ac.uk/erasmus for details of Erasmus opportunities for this course.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugpml
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Modern Languages and joint courses Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/open-days 
Course details:
www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270750; reception@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk 
www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276926; enquiries@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Philosophy
•	General philosophy
•	Moral philosophy
•	Logic
Modern Languages
•	Practical language work (two papers)
•	Study of important literary works and/or topics (two papers)
Assessment
First University examinations: Six written papers: two in Philosophy, four in Modern Languages
2nd and 4th years (3rd year typically spent abroad]
Courses
Philosophy
•	Either Early modern philosophy
•	or Plato's Republic
•	or Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
Modern Languages
•	Three language papers
•	Practical language work (two papers)
•	One further paper from a list of options 
Further options
•	Either four further papers in Philosophy (many options, including a thesis)
•	or three further papers in Philosophy and one in Modern Languages (which may be an extended essay)
•	or two further papers in Philosophy and two in Modern Languages
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on both course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Nine written papers (with a minimum of three in Philosophy and four in Modern Languages; one Philosophy paper may be replaced by a thesis; some Modern Languages papers may be replaced by a thesis or a portfolio of essays); Modern Languages oral examination
[126]
Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) BA 3 Years
UCAS code: L0V0
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
You may apply for PPE having done any combination of subjects at school; it is not necessary to have studied Politics, Philosophy or Economics. History and Mathematics are useful backgrounds, but are not essential.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 39%; Successful: 13%; Intake: 244
How to apply
Tests: TSA. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
PPE brings together some of the most important approaches to understanding the world around us, developing skills useful for a whole range of careers and activities.
Studying Philosophy, you will develop analytical rigour and the ability to criticise and reason logically, and be able to apply these skills to questions concerning how we acquire knowledge or make ethical judgements.
The study of Politics provides a thorough understanding of the impact of political institutions on modern societies. It helps you to evaluate the choices that political systems must regularly make, to explain the processes that maintain or change those systems, and to examine the concepts and values used in political analysis.
Economics is the study of how consumers, firms and government make decisions that together determine how resources are allocated. An appreciation of economics has become increasingly necessary to make sense of governmental policy-making, the conduct of businesses and the enormous economic transformations throughout the world.
All three branches of PPE at Oxford have an international reputation, supported by more than 200 renowned scholars. PPE at Oxford is a very flexible course which allows you to study all three branches, or to specialise in two after the first year.
A typical weekly timetable
Your work is divided between lectures (typically six to eight a week), tutorials and classes (typically two tutorials or one tutorial and one class a week), and private study mainly spent preparing essays or problem sets for tutorials and classes.
What are tutors looking for?
Admissions tutors will want to find out if you can think clearly and analytically. They are less concerned with what you know than with how you think and use your knowledge. They will seek evidence of interest in social and political concerns. Applicants may enjoy reading some of the following sources:
Thomas Nagel's What Does It All Mean?, Martin Hollis's An Invitation to Philosophy and Simon Blackburn's Think are useful introductions to Philosophy.
Jonathan Wolff's An Introduction to Political Philosophy, Gillian Peele's Developments in British Politics and Adrian Leftwich's What Is Politics? are good introductory texts for Politics.
The best introduction to Economics is to read the economics and business pages of newspapers. Tim Harford's Undercover Economist and Paul Krugman's The Accidental Theorist are also recommended.
PPE careers
The careers most commonly chosen by PPE graduates are in banking and finance, politics, journalism and broadcasting, the law, industry, teaching, social work, accountancy, business management, management consultancy, advertising and the many branches of the public services, including the Civil and Diplomatic Services and local government.
PPE graduates include a financial journalist, a strategy consultant and a fundraising officer.
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Amit was Head of Corporate Partnerships at the British Heart Foundation. He says: 'PPE encouraged me to be inquisitive, open-minded and analytical, preparing me for a career that has spanned the private, public and charity sectors.'
Jan worked for OC&C Strategy Consultants in London. He says: 'As a strategy consultant, I have to break down and analyse companies' complex problems and communicate the solution clearly to the client. Preparing and discussing essays in weekly tutorials in Oxford helped develop these skills, as well as the ability to think outside the box.'
Masa was a reporter at the Financial Times. She says: 'I found the skills I learnt reading PPE invaluable. Most importantly, the course teaches you to think in a very rigorous way. Your tutors are constantly challenging you and won't let you get away with woolly arguments. While this can initially be difficult to get to grips with, it has been incredibly useful in my career.'
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugppe 
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.ppe.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 288564; ppeadmissions@socsci.ox.ac.uk
www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276926; enquiries@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
www.politics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 278706; ug.studies@politics.ox.ac.uk
www.economics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271098; econundergrad@economics.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
All three branches of PPE are studied equally:
Philosophy
•	General philosophy
•	Moral philosophy
•	Elementary logic
Politics
•	The theory of politics (introductory political theory)
•	The practice of politics (introductory comparative government and politics)
•	Political analysis (introductory empirical and quantitative methods)
Economics
•	Microeconomics: the functioning of the market economy
•	Macroeconomics: dealing with national output and employment, exchange rates and policy issues
•	Mathematical techniques used in economics
Please note that the options offered may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website: www.ppe.ox.ac.uk/lndex.php/course-structure
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Students choose to continue with all three branches (be tripartite) or concentrate on any two (be bipartite), taking compulsory courses in the chosen branches along with optional courses:
Compulsory courses
Philosophy
•	Ethics, and
•	either Early modern philosophy or Knowledge and reality or Plato's Republic or Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
Politics (any two of these)
•	Comparative government
•	British politics and government since 1900
•	Theory of politics
•	International relations
•	Political sociology
Economics (all three if bipartite, two if tripartite)
•	Microeconomics
•	Macroeconomics
•	Quantitative economics 
Optional courses
More than 50 choices, currently including: Post-Kantian philosophy, Politics in sub-Saharan Africa and International economics
Please note that the options offered may change. A full list of current options is available on the course website: www.ppe.ox.ac.uk/lndex.php/course-structure
Assessment
Final University examinations: Eight papers, one of which can be replaced by a thesis/supervised dissertation
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Philosophy and Theology BA 3 years
UCAS code: VV56
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent A subject involving essay writing to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent can be helpful to students in completing this course, although this is not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 49%; Successful: 22%; Intake: 28
How to apply
Tests: Philosophy Test. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: One piece See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Philosophy and Theology brings together some of the most important approaches to understanding and assessing the intellectual claims of religion.
The study of Philosophy develops analytical rigour and the ability to criticise and reason logically. It allows you to apply these skills to many contemporary and historical schools of thought and individual thinkers, and to questions ranging from how we acquire knowledge and form moral judgements to central questions in the philosophy of religion, including the existence and nature of God and the relevance of religion to human life.
The study of Theology provides an understanding of the intellectual underpinning of religious traditions, and of the social and cultural contexts for religious belief and practice. It brings together a wide range of skills and disciplines, historical, textual, linguistic, sociological, literary-critical and philosophical.
The degree is constructed in the belief that the parallel study of these related disciplines leads to a deeper understanding of each.
The Philosophy Faculty is the largest in the UK and one of the largest in the world. Many faculty members have a worldwide reputation, and library and other facilities are acknowledged as among the best in the country.
The Faculty of Theology and Religion has more than 100 members ranging from experts in the ancient languages and literature of the world's religions to church historians and systematic theologians. Its reputation and excellent library facilities attract scholars from all over the world.
A typical weekly timetable
Work is divided between tutorials (usually one or two weekly), lectures (typically six to eight weekly), and classes for some topics. A large part of your week will be spent in independent study to prepare essays for tutorials.
What are tutors looking for?
In interviews, tutors look for interest in the proposed fields of study, a critical and analytical approach to abstract questions and the ability to defend a viewpoint by reasoned argument.
For further information on selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
From a P&T student
“Choosing to read Philosophy and Theology was a controversial choice in my heavily science-based school – many of my friends were confused why I was taking what they believed to be an 'old-fashioned' degree – however, they could not have been more wrong.
My experience of joint honours has been one of a steady introduction to logical, creative thinking with an overarching emphasis on empathy for those of all different faiths and creeds. I sincerely believe it is one of the most pertinent degrees given current affairs because most importantly of all: it is about how to think” Megan
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P&T careers
John, now a QC says: 'I could not recommend Philosophy and Theology at Oxford more highly. It was such a wide-ranging 'Liberal Arts' type degree with so many subject options. On a practical level theology encourages deep thought and creative thinking whilst my philosophical tutors taught me to question and doubt every claim. That was an ideal preparation for the Bar.'
Philosophy and Theology graduates have secured wide-ranging positions as authors, writers, newspaper and periodical editors, academics and teachers. Recent graduates include a barrister, a member of a political think tank, a student at the Royal Academy of Music and a marketing executive for a philanthropy adviser.
Others have entered careers such as commerce, banking, financial services and communications. See www.theology.ox.ac.uk for further information about careers for theologians.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugpt
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276926; enquiries@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
www.theology.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270790; general.administrator@theology.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Courses
Four papers are taken:
•	The figure of Jesus through the centuries
•	General philosophy
•	Logic and moral philosophy 
and one of the following:
•	Introduction to the study of the Bible
•	Religion and religions
•	New Testament Greek
•	Biblical Hebrew
•	Qur'anic Arabic
•	Church Latin
•	Pali
•	Sanskrit
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Four papers each assessed by written examination
2nd and 3rd years
Courses
Students take eight papers, either five in Philosophy and three in Theology, or five in Theology and three in Philosophy, or four in each. A thesis in either subject may be offered as one of these.
All students study:
•	Early modern philosophy or Knowledge and reality
•	Ethics or Plato's Republic or Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
•	Philosophy of religion
Remaining papers are chosen from a wide range of options in Philosophy and Theology
Students may choose freely from Theology papers that cover:
•	Biblical Studies
•	Systematic theology and ethics
•	History of religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism)
•	Religion and religions (Contemporary Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism)
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Eight papers (assessed either by written examination or by submitted coursework, depending upon the option), or seven papers plus a thesis
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Physics MPHYS 4 years
UCAS code: F303
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA to include Mathematics and Physics. The A* must be in Mathematics, Physics or Further Mathematics.
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL (the 7 should be in either Physics or Mathematics)
Or any other equivalent
Candidates are expected to have Physics and Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent. The inclusion of a Maths Mechanics module would also be highly recommended. Further Mathematics can be helpful to candidates in completing this course, although this is not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 41%; Successful: 16%; Intake: 183
How to apply
Tests: PAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Physics is concerned with the study of the universe from the smallest to the largest scale: why it is the way it is and how it works. Such knowledge is basic to scientific progress. The language of physics is mathematics: formulating physical theories sometimes requires new mathematical structures. Physics is a fundamental science and a practical subject. Many techniques used in medical imaging, nanotechnology and quantum computing are derived from physics instrumentation. Even the World Wide Web was a spin-off from the information processing and communications requirements of high-energy particle physics.
Oxford has one of the largest university physics departments in the UK, with an outstanding and very diverse research programme in six sub-departments:
•	Astrophysics
•	Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics
•	Atomic and Laser Physics
•	Condensed Matter Physics (including Biophysics)
•	Particle Physics
•	Theoretical Physics.
Physics at Oxford is challenging and mathematical with a strong emphasis on fundamental concepts such as optics and relativity. The fourth-year MPhys option courses bring you to the threshold of current research, and can lead to subject specialism. An accepted student can also complete in three years with a BA. The department is equipped with state-of-the-art lecture facilities and teaching laboratories. Tutorials give students direct and regular access to physicists actively involved in research and provide an opportunity to explore scientific ideas with experts in the field.
Project work
A wide choice of fourth-year MPhys projects is available across all six physics sub-departments. Third-year MPhys students carry out a short project in the teaching laboratories. Those taking the three-year BA course do a group project investigating a real industrial physics problem.
A typical weekly timetable
In the first year, time is equally divided between mathematics and physics, with about ten lectures and two tutorials plus one day in the practical laboratories a week. In the second and third years the core and mainstream physics topics are covered in tutorials and small group classes. Practical work is also done during the year. In the fourth year you take two major options and the MPhys project.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors are looking for enthusiastic and highly motivated students with the ability to apply basic principles to unfamiliar situations. The course requires a good level of mathematical competence: the ability to formulate a problem in mathematical terms and then extract the physical consequences from the solution.
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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Physics careers
More than 40% of Physics graduates go on to study for a higher degree, leading to careers in universities or in industry or in research and development, technical consultancy, manufacturing and science education. Many others enter professions unrelated to Physics, such as finance and business, where the analytical and problem-solving skills they have developed are highly sought after.
All about Oxford Physics
Visit www.physics.ox.ac.uk/study-here to get the inside view from current Physics students.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugphysics
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.physics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 272200; enquiries@physics.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Current courses
•	Classical mechanics and special relativity
•	Electromagnetism, circuit theory and optics
•	Mathematical methods I
•	Differential equations and waves
Short options, eg:
•	Astronomy
•	Complex analysis
•	Quantum ideas
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Four written papers; short option paper; satisfactory laboratory work
2nd year
Current courses
•	Thermal physics
•	Electromagnetism and optics
•	Quantum physics
•	Mathematical methods II 
Short options, eg:
•	Classical mechanics
•	Climate physics
•	Introduction to biological physics
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part A (BA and MPhys): Three written papers; short option paper; laboratory work; individual presentation
3rd year
Current courses
•	Flows, fluctuations and complexity
•	Symmetry and relativity
•	Quantum, atomic and molecular physics
•	Sub-atomic physics
•	General relativity and cosmology
•	Condensed-matter physics
Short options, eg:
•	Advanced quantum mechanics
•	Classical mechanics
•	Plasma physics
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part B (MPhys): Six written papers; short option paper; mini-project; laboratory work
Final University examinations, Part B (BA): Four written papers; short option paper; mini project; group presentation; laboratory work; project report
4th year
Research
Project and two option courses:
•	MPhys project
Current major options
•	Astrophysics
•	Laser science and quantum information processing
•	Condensed matter
•	Particle physics
•	Atmospheres and oceans
•	Theoretical physics
•	Biological physics
The options listed above are Illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part C (MPhys): Project report; two major option papers
MMATHPHYS 4th year
The Physics and Mathematics Departments jointly offer an integrated master's level course in Mathematical and Theoretical Physics. Physics students are able to apply for transfer to a fourth year studying entirely mathematical and theoretical physics, completing their degree with an MMathPhys. The course offers research-level training in: Particle physics, Condensed matter physics, Astrophysics, Plasma physics and Continuous media. For full details see mmathphys.physics.ox.ac.uk.
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Physics and Philosophy MPHYSPHIL 4 Years
UCAS code: VF53
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA to include Mathematics and Physics. The A* must be in Mathematics, Physics or Further Mathematics.
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB 
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL (the 7 should be in either Physics or Mathematics)
Or any other equivalent 
Candidates are expected to have Physics and Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent. The inclusion of a Maths Mechanics module would also be highly recommended. Further Mathematics and an arts subject can be helpful to candidates in completing this course, although they are not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 32%; Successful: 12%; Intake: 14
How to apply
Tests: PAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Application information: If your application for Physics and Philosophy is unsuccessful you will be considered for Physics. If you do not want to be considered for Physics please make this clear at interview.
Physics and Philosophy is a demanding and rewarding course, combining the most rigorous and fundamental subjects in the arts and the sciences. It seeks understanding of the nature of reality and of our knowledge of it. There are strong links between physics and philosophy, and the stimulus for each discipline lies in part in the other.
Oxford has one of the largest physics departments in the UK, with an outstanding and broad research programme. The expertise in the department ensures the curriculum is updated in the light of developments in research.
The Philosophy Faculty is the largest in the UK, and one of the most prestigious in the world. The large number of students reading Philosophy leads to a diverse and lively philosophical community.
The Oxford research group in Philosophy of Physics is extremely active, with interests in classical space-time theories, foundations of classical statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity.
The fourth-year MPhysPhil option courses bring you to the threshold of current research, and can lead to subject specialism. An accepted student can also complete in three years with a BA.
A typical weekly timetable
Your work is divided between independent study, tutorials, classes (two or three weekly) and lectures (about ten weekly). Independent study (reading for and writing essays, completing problem sets) will take up the majority of your working time.
What are tutors looking for?
Philosophy is rarely taught in schools, but anyone who has an interest in general questions about the nature of science, mathematics, mind, knowledge or truth has an interest in philosophy. No more than that is needed – you are not disadvantaged if you have not studied Philosophy before. Philosophy tutors will be looking for a critical and analytical approach to abstract questions and an ability to defend a point of view by reasoned argument.
The Physics tutors will ask you the same style of questions about mathematics and physics as they ask Physics applicants, to determine your mathematical and problem-solving ability and potential for further study (see Physics, page 130 [printed edition page number]).
P&P careers
Graduates in Physics and Philosophy offer an unusual and valuable combination of skills to employers in commerce and industry. Almost 40% go on to study for a higher degree. Some will enter science professions such as research and development or technical roles in industry. Many others enter professions unrelated to their subject.
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More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugpp
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.philosophy-of-physics.ox.ac.uk; 
www.physics.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 272200; enquires@physics.ox.ac.uk
www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276926; enquiries@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
1st year
Current courses
Physics
•	Mechanics and special relativity
•	Differential equations and matrix algebra
•	Calculus and waves
Philosophy
•	Elements of deductive logic
•	General philosophy
•	Introductory philosophy of physics
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers in Physics; two written papers in Philosophy
2nd year
Current courses
Physics
•	Thermal physics
•	Electromagnetism
•	Quantum physics
•	Mathematical methods
•	Physics practicals
Philosophy
•	Early modern philosophy or Knowledge and reality
•	Philosophy of special relativity 
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part A: Three papers in Physics; satisfactory lab work
3rd year
Current courses
One elective paper in either Physics or Philosophy
Physics
A choice of three (or five if the elective paper is in Physics) of the following subjects:
•	Classical mechanics
•	Flows, fluctuations and complexity
•	Symmetry and relativity
•	Quantum, atomic and molecular physics
•	Sub-atomic physics
•	General relativity and cosmology
•	Condensed-matter physics 
Philosophy
•	Philosophy of science option
•	Philosophy of quantum mechanics
•	Choice of Philosophy option (if the elective paper is in philosophy) eg Ethics or Wittgenstein
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part B: Three or four written papers in Philosophy; one or two written papers and one short paper in Physics
4th year
Research
Three units chosen in any combination from the lists for Physics and Philosophy
Advanced philosophy of physics is an option
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part C: A mix (three in all) of written papers and essays, or thesis (in Philosophy), or project (in Physics)
MMATHPHYS 4th year
The Physics and Mathematics Departments jointly offer an integrated master's level course in Mathematical and Theoretical Physics. Physics and Philosophy students are able to apply for transfer to a fourth year studying entirely mathematical and theoretical physics, completing their degree with an MMathPhys. The course offers research-level training in: Particle physics, Condensed matter physics, Astrophysics, Plasma physics and Continuous media. For full details see mmathphys.physics.ox.ac.uk.
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Psychology (Experimental] BA 3 years
UCAS code: C830
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent
It is highly recommended for candidates to have studied one or more science subjects (which can include Psychology) or Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent. Candidates are recommended to have an A/7 or above in GCSE Mathematics (where GCSEs are taken).
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 49%; Successful: 19%; Intake: 50
How to apply
Tests: TSA. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Psychology has been defined as the science of mental life and its scope includes a wide variety of issues. It addresses such questions as: How do we perceive colours? How do children acquire language? What predisposes two people to get on with each other? What causes schizophrenia?
Psychology at Oxford is a scientific discipline, involving the rigorous formulation and testing of ideas. It works through experiments and systematic observation rather than introspection.
The Oxford Experimental Psychology Department is widely regarded as one of the leading psychology departments in the UK.
The department's size and its commitment to excellence in teaching and research means there are typically four or five research seminars each week, in addition to undergraduate lectures and classes. At present, there are particularly strong research groups in the fields of human cognitive processes, neuroscience, language, developmental psychology, social psychology and psychological disorders.
A wide choice of research projects is available to students in their final year, including projects based in other departments and outside the University.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Terms 1 and 2: About six lectures and two-three tutorials
•	Terms 3-8: About six lectures, one-two tutorials and one practical class. You will also carry out your own research project and be given the opportunity to write a library dissertation and undertake independent research
•	Term 9: About two revision lectures or tutorials and final examinations
What are tutors looking for?
In addition to a very good track record of academic achievement, tutors are keen to see whether you appreciate the scope of scientific psychology, can evaluate evidence, are able to consider issues from different perspectives, have a capacity for logical and creative thinking, appreciate the importance of empirical evidence in supporting arguments, and could cope with the quantitative demands of the course.
Psychology careers
Experimental Psychology graduates can enter careers including professional psychology, education, research, medicine, the health services, finance, commerce, industry, the media and information technology. Some careers will require additional study and/or
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training. This degree is accredited by the British Psychological Society for the Graduate Basis for Chartered Membership provided you achieve the minimum standard of second class honours.
During her time as a client consultant at Nunwood, Rachel said: 'Since graduating I have worked for two large market research companies specialising in brands and advertising research. My degree helped me to develop my analytical skills as well as gaining project management experience which have been invaluable in my chosen career path.'
Whilst working as a Graduate Research Assistant at Oxford's Department of Experimental Psychology, Lauren said: 'Studying EP gave me the opportunity to conduct my own research project from its inception, from recruiting participants, to collecting and analysing data, and writing it up in a report. These skills have been invaluable to me in my job as a research assistant, as it involves co-ordinating a large number of participants taking part in a randomised control trial, and handling large amounts of data.'
World-leading research
Oxford Psychology achieved outstanding results in the most recent (2014) Research Excellence Framework:
•	ranked first place across UK Institutions in the overall quality of our submission, and had the highest proportion of world-leading research:
•	scored 100% for the quality of our research and training environment.
For more details see: www.psy.ox.ac.uk/about-us.
Top-ranked department in the UK
Oxford Psychology is ranked No. 1 in the 2018 Complete University Guide subject tables.
The British Psychological Society Accredited
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugpsych
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.psy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271353; admissions@psy.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
Terms 1 and 2
Courses
Three introductory courses are taken out of:
•	Psychology
•	Philosophy
•	Linguistics
•	Neurophysiology
•	Probability theory and statistics
Students must sit the examination in Probability theory and statistics either at Prelims (first year examinations) or as a qualifying examination.
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers 
Terms 3-5
Courses
Students will study core subjects in Psychology covering:
•	Cognitive psychology
•	Biological psychology
•	Developmental psychology
•	Social psychology
•	Individual differences
•	Experimental design and statistics
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part I: Five written papers, covering all core subjects Practical portfolio 
Terms 6-9
Courses
Students will choose either:
•	Three advanced options or
•	Two advanced options and a library dissertation
A full list of current options is available on the course website (details above).
Students carry out practical work in Psychology:
•	Lab-based 'block' practicals
•	Research project
Assessment
Final University examinations, Part II: Research project, practical portfolio; Three written papers (or two written papers and a library dissertation)
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Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics (PPL) BA 3 years
UCAS codes: see combinations
Entrance requirements
A-levels: A*AA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 39 (including core points) with 766 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
For Psychology, it is highly recommended for candidates to have studied one or more science subjects (which can include Psychology) or Mathematics to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or any other equivalent. For Linguistics, it is helpful for candidates to have studied English Language, Mathematics, a science or any other language. Candidates are recommended to have an A/7 or above in GCSE Mathematics (where GCSEs are taken).
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 54%; Successful: 18%; Intake: 35
How to apply
Tests: TSA and MLAT (for course combinations with Linguistics only). For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: None required
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Course combinations
Although it is possible to study papers from all three PPL subject areas as part of this course (subject to college approval), you must apply to specialise in two of the three:
Psychology and Philosophy CV85
Psychology and Linguistics CQ81
Philosophy and Linguistics VQ51 
A list of colleges that accept each combination of the PPL degree can be found at: www.psy.ox.ac.uk/ugcol
There are close connections between these three subjects, so studying a combination of them makes a lot of sense. Psychology includes subjects as diverse as social interaction, learning, child development, schizophrenia and information processing. Philosophy is concerned with a wide range of questions including ethics, knowledge and the nature of mind. Linguistics is the study of language in all its aspects, including the structure of languages, meaning (semantics), how children learn language, pronunciation, and how people understand, mentally represent and generate language.
Psychology at Oxford is a scientific discipline, involving the rigorous formulation and testing of ideas. It works through experiments and systematic observation rather than introspection. The Oxford Experimental Psychology Department is widely regarded as one of the leading psychology departments in the UK. At present, there are particularly strong groups in the fields of human cognitive processes, neuroscience, language, developmental and social psychology.
The Oxford Philosophy Faculty is the largest philosophy department in the UK, and one of the largest in the world. Philosophy at Oxford has active interests in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science, and has very close links with those working in neuroscience and psychology.
The Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics brings together scholars working in theoretical and descriptive linguistics (especially syntax, semantics and phonology), experimental phonetics, psycholinguistics, linguistics of the Romance languages, historical linguistics and comparative philology. Unlike other subjects in the humanities, it includes two scientific research laboratories – the Language and Brain Laboratory and the Phonetics Laboratory.
A typical weekly timetable
•	Terms 1 and 2: about six lectures and two-three tutorials
•	Terms 3-9: about six lectures, one- two tutorials and one practical class. You may also do independent research by carrying out your own research project, library dissertation or thesis.
What are tutors looking for?
In addition to a very good track record of academic achievement, tutors are keen to see whether you appreciate the scope of those branches of Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics you are applying for. They will also want to check whether you can evaluate evidence, are able to consider issues
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from different perspectives, have a capacity for logical and creative thinking, appreciate the importance of empirical evidence in supporting arguments, and could cope with the quantitative demands of the course.
PPL careers
Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics graduates can enter careers including professional psychology, education, research, medicine, the health services, finance, commerce, industry, the media and information technology. Some careers will require additional study and/or training.
If Psychology constitutes at least 50% of your course, and covers the BPS curriculum, and provided you achieve the minimum standard of second class honours, your degree is accredited as conferring eligibility for the Graduate Basis for Chartered Membership of the British Psychological Society. This is normally the first step towards becoming a Chartered Psychologist.
Top-ranked department in the UK
Oxford Psychology is ranked No. 1 in the 2018 Complete University Guide subject tables and achieved outstanding results in the most recent (2014) Research Excellent Framework. For more details see: www.psy.ox.ac.uk/about-us. The British Psychological Society Accredited
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugppl
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.psy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 271353; admissions@psy.ox.ac.uk
www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 276926; enquiries@philosophy.ox.ac.uk
www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 280400; enquiries@ling-phil.ox.ac.uk 
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
Terms 1 and 2
Courses
Three introductory courses are taken from:
•	Psychology
•	Philosophy
•	Linguistics
•	Neurophysiology
•	Probability theory and statistics
Students studying Psychology must sit the examination in Probability theory and statistics either at Prelims (first year examinations) or as a qualifying examination.
Assessment
First University examinations: Three written papers
Terms 3-9
Courses
After the second term, students can continue to follow a bipartite degree (Psychology and Philosophy, Psychology and Linguistics, or Philosophy and Linguistics) or, exceptionally and subject to their college's approval, a tripartite degree (Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics).
Students choosing Psychology will study a choice of core subjects in terms 3-5, plus a course in Experimental design and statistics, followed by one, two or three advanced Psychology options in terms 6-8.
A full list of current options is available on the course website (see above).
Students choosing Philosophy take from three to five courses in Philosophy, from a wide range including Philosophy of mind and Philosophy of cognitive science. For details see www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/undergraduate/courses.
Students choosing Linguistics take from three to five courses in Linguistics. For further details, see the Paper A and Paper B options at www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/fhs-ppl.
Students opting for a bipartite degree may take a single paper in the third subject. Students who are exceptionally permitted to take the tripartite degree must take at least two courses in each of the three subjects of Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics.
Assessment
Final University examinations: Eight papers; two practical portfolios (for Psychology); a research project or thesis may also be taken (depending upon the combination of courses) Students choosing Psychology take the equivalent of two written papers in Psychology in the second year based on the core subject areas (see Experimental Psychology, page 134 [printed edition page number]).
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Religion and Oriental Studies BA 3 years
UCAS code: VT69
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent 
Experience of studying a language, and a subject involving essay writing, to either A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent can be helpful to students in completing this course, although they are not required for admission. Students are not expected to have studied any Oriental Language before.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 80%; Successful: 35%; Intake: 2
How to apply
Tests: Judaism/Islam only: OLAT. For test date and registration details please see ox.ac.uk/tests 
Written work: One piece See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
The course in Religion and Oriental Studies enables you to learn in depth about a number of the world's great religious traditions including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. To engage with all the different aspects of the course, you have to be something of a historian and a philosopher, a textual and literary critic and a linguist. These disciplines together, not only enable students to appreciate the qualities of religions that can be radically different from those in Western societies, but also equip graduates to embark on a wide range of careers.
This degree offers the opportunity to study the major world religions and their primary languages. Students can also explore the relationship between religions and science, and the place of religious ethics in public life. Religion and Oriental Studies provides an understanding of the intellectual underpinning of religious traditions, and of the social and cultural contexts for religious belief and practice.
The Theology and Religion and Oriental Studies Faculties have between them more than 270 members, ranging from experts in the ancient languages and literature of the world's religions to church historians and systematic theologians. Their reputations, together with excellent library facilities, attract scholars from all over the world.
A typical weekly timetable
Work is divided between tutorials (usually one or two a week), lectures (up to six a week) and language classes (at least three a week in the first year). A large part of your week will be spent in independent study to prepare for tutorials.
What are tutors looking for?
Admissions tutors will be keen to find out about your linguistic aptitude and your commitment to a wide-ranging course. They will be looking for an ability to think clearly, form sound arguments and to listen and respond to counterarguments.
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
From a RELOS student
“Religion and Oriental Studies is a rewarding subject if you like the combination of essay writing and language learning. You have the option to choose a broad range of topics offered by the Theology and Religion Faculty from history of early Christianity to mysticism to psychology of religion, while the Oriental Studies Department provides you with a thorough learning of the religious language of your choice. For me, this is Sanskrit, for which I have five hours of tuition every week. I balance this with modules from Religion: Nature of religion and the Gospels and Jesus to name a few. The tutors also offer the chance to let you specialise in a topic of your own interest by offering tailored supervision for your dissertation. This can also be multi-disciplinary as you have two faculties to explore your interests.” Puja-Arti
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RELOS careers
Oxford graduates in Religion and Oriental Studies can expect to go on to careers as diverse as the law, social work, the media, journalism, publishing, banking, management consultancy, accountancy, personnel management, teaching, the police force and the arts. Employers look very favourably on applicants who have learned oriental languages and Oxford graduates with such skills are among the most successful each year in finding employment.
See www.theology.ox.ac.uk for further information about careers for theologians.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugrelos
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Oriental Studies Open Day: 28 April 2018 – booking required https://orinst.web.ox.ac.uk/article/open-days
Course details: www.theology.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270790; general.administrator@theology.ox.ac.uk
www.orinst.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 278312; undergraduate.admissions@orinst.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
Terms 1-3
Courses
•	Religion and religions
•	One of the following languages: Greek; Hebrew; Arabic; Tibetan; Pali; Sanskrit which have three assessment components each
The options listed above are illustrative and may change; not all languages are available every year. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Four papers assessed by written and (depending on the option) oral examination.
Terms 4-9
Courses
Students specialise in the study of a religion (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam or Judaism), particularly through the study of its texts in their original languages. Students take seven papers, three in Oriental Studies and three in Religion; the seventh may be chosen from either Oriental Studies or Religion.
In addition, all students must prepare a 12,000-word thesis on a topic of their choice, which may be chosen from either Oriental Studies or Religion.
The options listed above are illustrative and may change; not all languages are available every year. More information about current options is available on the course websites (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Seven papers (assessed either by written examination or by submitted coursework, depending upon the option), plus a thesis
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Theology and Religion BA 3 years
UCAS code: V600
Entrance requirements
A-levels: AAA 
Advanced Highers: AA/AAB
IB: 38 (including core points) with 666 at HL
Or any other equivalent A subject involving essay writing to A-level, Advanced Higher, Higher Level in the IB or another equivalent can be helpful to students in completing this course, although this is not required for admission.
3-year average (2015-17)
Interviewed: 65%; Successful: 31%; Intake: 3 2
How to apply
Tests: None required 
Written work: One piece See ox.ac.uk/writwork
Fees, living costs and funding
See page 186 [printed edition page number] and ox.ac.uk/funding
Theology is an ancient intellectual discipline, with continuing and momentous social significance around the world today. Students gain an understanding of the intellectual underpinning of religious traditions, and of the social and cultural contexts for religious belief and practice. In order to engage fully with the questions raised by the critical study of Theology and Religion you will be required to become something of a historian and a philosopher, a textual and literary critic, and a linguist. The ability to employ these disciplines effectively will not only make you a scholar of religion but equip you to embark on a wide range of careers.
Oxford has been at the very heart of religious debate, reform and turmoil in the British Isles for eight centuries and so the faculty here wears a mantle of history not available in most other universities. At the same time Theology and Religion at Oxford is embracing wholeheartedly the challenges of the 21st century with the opportunity to study five major world religions and their primary languages. Students can also explore the relationship between religion and science and the place of religious ethics in public life.
The Faculty of Theology and Religion has more than 100 members ranging from experts in the ancient languages and literature of the world's religions to church historians and systematic theologians. Its reputation and excellent library facilities attract scholars from all over the world as visiting lecturers.
A typical weekly timetable
Work is divided between tutorials (usually one or two a week), lectures (up to six a week) and language classes (usually three a week) in the first year. A large part of your week will be spent in independent study to prepare for tutorials.
What are tutors looking for?
Tutors consider your whole application very carefully. They look for evidence of an excellent academic record, for example in GCSE or other examination results. Your submitted work should demonstrate your ability to construct an argument and to communicate your ideas in clear written English. Your personal statement should focus on your academic reasons for wishing to study Theology and Religion; references should comment primarily on academic performance.
In interviews, tutors will look for your ability to think clearly, form sound arguments and to listen and respond to counterarguments; your openness to learning; evidence of your enthusiasm and motivation for the course; and your oral communication skills.
For information about the selection criteria please see: ox.ac.uk/criteria.
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From a T&R student
“The Oxford tutorial system is thoroughly enjoyable and engaging because it challenges you to defend and develop your views on a whole range of topics and authors. Being able to talk to some of the leading academics in the world really encourages you to reflect on your own thinking and writing. Theology incorporates such a broad range of skills that are transferable to many different situations, from literary-critical to historical-critical to evaluative skills. The subject gives you great potential for academic and personal development.” Gemma
Theology careers
While some Theology and Religion graduates go on to further academic study, other recent graduates have pursued careers in the law, the Civil Service, social work, education, the media, publishing, banking, management consultancy, accountancy, personnel management, teaching, the police force and the churches. See www.theology.ox.ac.uk for more information about careers after a Theology and Religion degree.
Rob says of his work as a manager in Accenture: 'People are always surprised when I tell them what my degree was! However, it really helped shape my analytical skills through the tutorial system. The breadth of subject matter in Theology prepared me for the different subjects I encounter each day as a management consultant.'
Top-rated Theology Department in the UK and Europe
and second in the world in the 2017 QS World University rankings, by subject.
More about
Requirements and applying: ox.ac.uk/ugtheology
2018 Open Days: 27 and 28 June and 14 September ox.ac.uk/opendays
Course details: www.theology.ox.ac.uk; +44 (0) 1865 270790; general.administrator@theology.ox.ac.uk
Which colleges offer this course? See page 144 [printed edition page number]
Course Outline
Terms 1-3
Courses
Four papers are taken:
•	Religion and religions
•	Introduction to the study of the Bible
•	The figure of Jesus through the centuries
•	One of the following languages: New Testament Greek; Biblical Hebrew; Qur'anic Arabic; Church Latin; Pali; Sanskrit
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
First University examinations: Four papers each assessed by a written examination.
Terms 4-9
Courses
Choice of seven papers across four subject areas, from which students select freely
•	Biblical studies
•	Systematic theology and ethics
•	History of religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism)
•	Religion and religions (Contemporary Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism)
All students must also prepare a 12,000-word thesis on a topic of their choice
The options listed above are illustrative and may change. More information about current options is available on the course website (details above).
Assessment
Final University examinations: Seven papers (assessed either by written examination or by submitted coursework, depending upon the option), plus a compulsory thesis
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