OXFORD UNIVERSITY ANNUAL REPORT 1993/94 Supplement *No. 2 to the Oxford University Gazette, Vol. 125 (March 1995) Contents: Foreword by the Vice-Chancellor Research and Scholarship Teaching and New Courses Continuing Education Links with Industry The Development Programme Museums and Libraries Student Activities International Links The University Estate The Careers Service Planning and Finance New Appointments Honours and Distinctions Appendices I Applications and Acceptances of Students Recently at School II Student Numbers i Students in Residence ii Division Between Arts and Sciences iii Distribution of Students by Country of Origin iv Final Honour Schools III Benefactions General Campaign IV Externally Funded Research Grants From Research Councils and other Government Agencies From Charities, Industrial Firms and other Institutions FOREWORD BY THE VICE-CHANCELLOR DR PETER NORTH, CBE, QC, DCL,FBA Oxford's activities over the past year, summarized in the following pages, have taken place against a background of further upheaval in the higher education system. Funding Reductions For over a decade, British universities have had to provide, year by year, a series of what are euphemistically described as `efficiency gains'--- management-speak for `cuts in public funding'. During the current three-year period, we are told, a further 9 per cent cut is required in the `unit of resource', the funding provided per head of the student population. Despite past reductions in their unit of resource, universities have succeeded in providing higher education opportunities for a far greater proportion of school leavers than in the past, and for more mature students, as well as expanding opportunities for continuing education. Nevertheless, the reductions in funding per student, both past and planned for the future, represent a serious threat to the quality of our higher education system. Oxford may be perceived by some as being insulated from many of these cold winds. But having deliberately opted for no more than a modest increase in student numbers, it is only the strength of our research in all fields, and the very significant contribution made to our income from research grants, that has enabled us to sustain our financial position. External Interface Nor has Oxford escaped the practical consequences of the current quest for `efficiency' and `accountability'. I am deeply concerned that universities are being pushed towards a uniformity of financial structures and administration that takes no account of their diversity. There is a real risk that academic decision-making will be subjected to unwarranted external interference. It is also the case that the direct costs of the almost continuous external assessment of our teaching, research and administration may well be underestimated, not to mention the indirect costs represented by the ever-increasing burdens on our academic staff in responding to these exercises. Commission of Inquiry It is against this background that the University has decided to establish a new Commission of Inquiry to address a wide range of issues. It is some thirty years since Lord Franks's Commission reported, and Oxford is now part of a very different national and international educational picture. The Commission, under my chairmanship, has published a preliminary Framework Document indicating the major issues that it considers should be addressed, and seeking views on the proposed agenda. During the past year, some of these issues have already come under the scrutiny of University committees. These include provision for graduate students, both by the University and by colleges; the allocation of resources to departments and faculties; the induction procedures for new students; appointments to senior positions in the University; the formulation of an appropriate policy on promotions and the use of titles of distinction; and a review of the College Contributions Scheme, whereby the wealthier colleges provide financial assistance to those that are less well endowed. As well as taking account of the work of these other bodies, the Commission will provide an overview of the activities of the University at large. Ours is a complex institution, and many of the issues we face are interrelated. The Commission will wish to look more broadly at the whole question of the optimum size and shape of the University; how best to organize our teaching and research, and to govern ourselves; and also to look at our role as a major university both in this country and internationally. This will be a challenging agenda. Campaign for Oxford During the past year the University passed one landmark of particular significance. September 1994 marked the conclusion of Campaign for Oxford, launched six years ago with a target of 220 million and the expectation of raising that sum over a five-year period. In fact, within two years the target was raised to 340 million, and the span of the Campaign extended to six years. It is worth recalling that this bold step was taken just as a world recession was upon us. It is a remarkable tribute to all those whose energies have been devoted to this activity that I can report that by the end of September 1994 we had exceeded our objective, having raised 341,209,154. I have, in recent months, described the end of the Campaign, in the Churchillian phrase, as `the end of the beginning'. The development activities of the University have not, and will not, come to a halt. As you will read later in this Report, there are major aspirations unrealized. I am very pleased that, as we move from the Campaign to the continuing activities of the Development Programme, Professor Andrew Goudie, Professor of Geography, has agreed to assume the role of President of that Programme from the beginning of 1995. Worldwide Links The past few years have also seen the further development of links between Oxford and Oxonians throughout the world. I can bear direct witness to this, having met many Oxonians and supporters of the University in my overseas travels during my first year of office. The reservoir of support and goodwill for us in Oxford is quite remarkable. I am particularly struck by the fact that this devotion to Oxford comes not only from our graduates, but from many who have spent only a short time here. I would like to emphasize that one of the greatest successes of the Campaign has been the way in which it has raised morale. It has enabled many of us to see that plans to develop our teaching and research in new directions can be realized. The University has become more positive, more vibrant, more energetic, more outward-looking and more international in its approach. None of this success could have been achieved without the vision, energy, determination and above all, generosity of very many people and institutions. Our thanks must go to them all. I would like to conclude by commending the success and development of the University over the past year, as outlined in this Annual Report, and by expressing the expectation that we shall face the challenges of the year to come with renewed confidence and vigour. PETER NORTH RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP Oxford's leading position in research across the sciences, the social sciences and the humanities, in Britain and beyond, has continued. So much so, that the University was penalized for having too high an overall rating for the quality of research. Following the 1988 Education Reform Act, government funding for research in universities has become dependent on measures of the quality and quantity of research output. The most recent research assessment exercise, conducted by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) in 1992, accorded the majority of subjects at Oxford the top ranking of 5, signifying research of international excellence. These rankings were entered into the formula used to calculate the level of grant to be allocated by HEFCE to support research activity during 1993--94. Such was the volume and quality of research at a few leading universities, that a `cap' on funding for them was introduced so that universities with less vigorous research records would also receive some funding. Consequently, Oxford suffered a 2.8 million loss for 1993--94. This loss was compounded by a net loss caused by a shift of funds from the HEFCE to the Research Councils. Again, the very success of the University in winning research grants in past years, acted to its disadvantage, as Oxford suffered one of the largest losses, as a result of this switch. The HEFCE assumes that the full amount of this loss will eventually be recouped through new grants for specific projects from the Research Councils, but inevitably there will be, at best, a time lag in the system and there is some doubt whether the whole deduction will ever be recovered. The University welcomes the review of these arrangements upon which the Office of Science and Technology is about to embark. Research Income Despite these setbacks, which have so far affected the provision, in particular, of the technical support and laboratory facilities which make up the essential infrastructure of Oxford's scientific community, research has continued across the disciplines with undiminished vigour. The University's income from externally funded research grants and contracts in 1993--94 totalled 83.45 million. Of this, around 40 per cent came from the Research Councils and the remainder from industry, charities and other non-government sources. The University has actively fostered its contacts with industry (see Links with Industry, page 12) and many projects will ultimately have a commercial or other practical application. However, much of the University's research activity is essentially `curiosity driven', with Oxford remaining true to its heritage as a centre for the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. Arts Accommodation Over the past few years, the University has recognized the need for greater support for graduate teaching and research in social studies and humanities. Members of the science departments have long enjoyed centralized facilities such as laboratory space and equipment, libraries, technical support and simply a place to congregate each day. Those in the arts and social sciences, in contrast, have tended to be largely college-based, with libraries as the main centrally-provided resource. The recognition of the need for change has come about partly as a result of the increasing opportunities offered by information technology, and partly because of the greater emphasis accorded to graduate teaching and research, as expressed by the University in its recent planning statements. This is the driving force behind the current `Three Site Strategy', to concentrate resources for the Social Sciences on the St Cross site, adjacent to the Law Library and Institute of Economics and Statistics; to develop the site behind the Ashmolean Museum as a new Humanities Research Centre; and to make the Bodleian Library and surrounding area the focus for Modern History and English. As soon as funding permits, a new, purpose-designed, building is to be erected on the St Cross site to house the Institute of European Studies, currently split between the Social Studies Faculty building and the Law Faculty. Work in Social Studies, including International Relations, and Law is also to be consolidated on this site. An ambitious plan for the development of the Ashmolean site, to house a new library, seminar rooms and offices for research in the humanities, has been drawn up and awaits full funding. Meanwhile increased support has been made available for arts subjects on a recurrent basis to strengthen their research capabilities. In particular, arts faculties have been encouraged to develop their use of information technology. Some highlights of the past year are set out below. Humanities The new European Humanities Research Centre, currently operating from the Modern Languages Faculty Office, provides a contact point for graduate students and plans a publications programme focused on research work undertaken in Oxford. It arranges meetings, seminars and colloquia, and promotes joint activities with other faculties and centres in arts subjects. For 1994--95, two eminent Visiting Professors, George Steiner and Natalie Zemon Davies, will be associated with the Centre. The enormous diversity of ideas being explored by researchers in Oxford's many humanities faculties is illustrated by a review of the Faculties of English Language and Literature, and of Modern History. It is not possible to cover every faculty. Research in the Faculty of English ranges from studies of the Old Norse sagas to the language of today's tabloid press. A steady stream of biographies and critical editions continues to illuminate our literary heritage. Work in the Renaissance period is particularly strong. In addition to several studies of Shakespeare and his contemporaries, there is a vigorous interest in the writing of the Commonwealth period. Dr Nigel Smith's Literature and Revolution in England 1640--60 (Yale University Press 1994) is the first, inclusive, account of the role of literature during the English Civil War, and of the war's impact on literature. Dr Margarita Stocker, focusing on the same period, is looking particularly at images of women. A small but energetic group is examining the Victorian period. Dr Kate Flint's book The Woman Reader (OUP 1993) looked at the kinds of literature to which women were exposed in this period, and the issue, controversial at the time, of what women could, or should, read. Dr Stephen Gill is investigating the reputation of William Wordsworth in Victorian society. Work on the twentieth century includes critical appraisals such as Professor Jon Stallworthy's forthcoming biography of Louis MacNeice, to be published by Faber in early 1995, and a growing interest in the use of language. Jean Aitchison, Murdoch Professor of Language and Communication, is setting up investigations into language as used in the media, a subject she introduced in her inaugural lecture `Language Joyriding' in November 1993. Language is also the focus of Professor John Carey's anthology of science writing, planned for publication by Faber in autumn 1995. The year saw the appearance of a number of important publications from the Faculty of Modern History, spanning the centuries. Professor Colin Matthew published the concluding two volumes and index of his monumental edition of The Gladstone Diaries (OUP 1994), while Dr Brian Harrison brought out the eighth, and concluding volume, of the History of the University of Oxford (OUP 1994). European history was well to the fore, with The Past in French History (Yale University Press 1994) by Robert Gildea, Lengua e Imperio en la Espana de Felipe IV (Ediciones Univeridad Salamanca 1994) by Sir John Elliott, Regius Professor of Modern History, and Freedom with Responsibility: the Social Market Economy in Germany 1918--63 (OUP 1994) by Mr Anthony Nicholls. The Carroll Professor of Irish History, Roy Foster, added to our understanding of Anglo-Irish Relations with Paddy and Mr Punch: Connections in Irish and English History (Viking Press 1993). Among other honours for the faculty, Dr Barbara Harvey was awarded the Wolfson Prize for her book Living and Dying in England 1100--1540. Social Studies The year saw continued progress in the development of both centres of the Institute of European Studies. The Centre for European Politics, Economics and Society, launched in October 1992 following the establishment of the popular MPhil course in European Politics and Society in 1991, provides graduate teaching and research. The Centre's Director, Professor Jack Hayward, has written and contributed to major works on French politics, European integration and European government. His colleagues in the Centre are pursuing research into economic aspects of European integration, family policies in the European Union, and European defence policies. Centre members and associates from elsewhere in the University organized a number of high-level international research seminars during the year. The ESRC Research Seminar on State Autonomy in the European Community, a series of five two-day conferences organized by Dr David Hine (Christ Church), Dr Anand Menon (St Edmund Hall) and Dr Hussein Kassim (Birkbeck College, London) brought together scholars from thirty countries all over the world. The Centre for the Advanced Study of European and Comparative Law, a more recent initiative, is shortly to appoint its first full-time Director. Currently its work is focused on teaching the one-year MJur in European and Comparative Law. The Law Faculty maintains a programme of liaison with academic lawyers at universities in Central and Eastern Europe. As part of this programme, five members of the Faculty travelled to the Czech Republic in September 1994, to participate in a two-day workshop on `Freedom of Information, and Protection of Information' in Brno. The workshop lasted two days and prompted wide-ranging discussions on issues including public accountability, personal privacy, criminal defamation and the struggle for openness in Czech government agencies. Against national competition from research groups in all areas of the social sciences, the Transport Studies Unit has won designation as an Economic and Social Research Council Research Centre. The ten-year grant will substantially increase the Unit's ability to control its own long-term priorities, and provides a more secure staffing structure for its many short-term projects. In its bid to the ESRC, the Unit, which has carried out an extensive research programme since 1972, largely funded by short-term contracts and grants, advanced the argument that transport provides `a pervasive enabling role for virtually all social and economic processes'. The research programme is based on the recognition that it is not feasible, or economically desirable, to go on trying to provide capacity adequate to meet the full potential of future traffic growth. A new research project will investigate people's dependence on the car for their daily transport needs. Medicine and Biology The significant growth in biomedical research over the past decade has led the University to renew its policy in this area. In the summer, the Bioscience Research Board published a document setting out a strategy for future development of bioscience, building on existing strengths in this area and emphasizing close collaboration between the science departments based within the Science Area in South Parks Road, and the clinical departments attached to the principal local NHS hospitals. Genetics and molecular biology are currently among the fastest-growing areas of science, and Oxford's own development in these areas has been at least as rapid. The Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), established in 1989, provides state-of-the-art facilities for several research teams, each attached to a clinical department but supported by external funding, to carry out investigations into the molecular basis of disease. Inspired by Sir David Weatherall, now Regius Professor of Medicine, the IMM has quickly become a leading centre for this type of study, and continues to produce a steady stream of important results. Dr Dominic Kwiatkowski and his colleagues in the Department of Paediatrics have found a genetic basis for susceptibility to malaria, which could also have relevance for other infectious diseases. Dr Julian Hopkin and Dr Bill Cookson have identified a gene, inherited through the maternal line, that confers susceptibility to asthma. Other current research includes Dr Alain Townsend's work on how the immune system recognizes cells infected with viruses; Dr Adrian Harris's work on the resistance of cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs; and Dr Jonathan Flint's application of ideas from the study of inherited blood disorders to an investigation of the inheritance of mental retardation. With funding from the Wellcome Trust, a new building, the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, is to be established alongside the IMM, to study the genetics of common diseases with multiple causes. These include high blood pressure, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic conditions, a wide range of infectious diseases and some cancers. Neuroscience, the study of the brain and nervous system, has for some time been an important focus of research in several clinical and non-clinical departments. Recently a number of new projects have begun, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the subject. The McDonnell-Pew Centre for Neuroscience and the Medical Research Council (MRC) Brain and Behaviour Research Centre bring together researchers in Physiology and Experimental Psychology to study the higher functions of the brain, such as memory, sensory representation and motor programming. Funding is being sought for a new building to allow expansion of this research, and to act as a centre for a new graduate teaching programme. Those working in basic cognitive science will also benefit from the planned establishment of a functional imaging facility, a new resource for the study of neurological and psychiatric disease. This initiative, led by John Newsom-Davis, Professor of Clinical Neurology, is to be funded by the MRC. Professor Roy Anderson took up the post of Linacre Professor of Zoology in October 1993. His research on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, particularly AIDS, is internationally renowned, as is that of his colleague in Zoology, Professor Robert May. Professor Anderson has obtained funding for a new Interdisciplinary Research Centre for the Study of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Ecology, to study and promote their control in developed and developing countries. Oxford research in epidemiology and clinical trials continues to have a high profile. During 1994, the results of two major studies co-ordinated by the University's Clinical Trial Service Unit were published in the British Medical Journal. The first drew together the results of 300 randomized trials to confirm the value of aspirin in treating cardiovascular disease; the second reported the latest follow-up data from the British Doctors Study, an investigation into the effects of smoking, which was started by Sir Richard Doll and Sir Austin Bradford Hill in 1951. It shows that smokers are three times more likely than non-smokers to die in middle age. The Environment The flagship of Oxford's environmental research is the Environmental Change Unit (ECU), established in 1990 as a joint initiative of the School of Geography and the Departments of Plant Sciences and Zoology. It has acted as a catalyst for interdisciplinary studies in areas ranging from international relations to atmospheric chemistry. The year saw the departure of the first IBM Director, Professor Martin Parry, who had carried out a number of high-profile studies of the impact of global warming on world agriculture. His successor is Professor Richard Macrory, Denton Hall Professor of Environmental Law at Imperial College London. The DECADE (Domestic Equipment and Carbon Dioxide Emissions) project, led by Dr Brenda Boardman of the ECU, was launched at the beginning of 1994 with 50,000 of funding from the European Commission and the Department of the Environment. Its findings will contribute towards the development of European-wide methods for modelling the impact on carbon dioxide emissions of increasing efficiency in the use of electrical appliances in the home. Many years of research by the Oxford Forestry Institute will be made available to forestry workers everywhere in the near future through the development of the Electronic Forestry Compendium. The Compendium, on compact disk, has been developed by the Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) in close association with the Institute. A demonstration model, showing full details of the appearance, distribution, management and uses of six species of tree was unveiled during 1994. A further 200 species are to be added. Physical Science Members of the Physics Department have played a central role in a number of international initiatives dedicated to the understanding of the universe. The former Chairman of the Department, Professor Christopher Llewellyn Smith, took office as the Director General of the European Particle Physics Laboratory at CERN in Geneva, at the beginning of 1994. Oxford physicists have been closely involved in the important discoveries made using the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) at CERN, and designed and conducted experiments at other particle physics laboratories such as DESY in Hamburg. Members of the Astrophysics subdepartment have discovered the most distant radiogalaxy known so far, and completed a map of the large-scale spatial distribution of clusters of galaxies. The ISAMS (Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder), developed by the subdepartment of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics and launched on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite in 1991, is relaying data of great value in monitoring and understanding stratospheric ozone depletion. Two major new resources for research have been set up in the Departments of Materials and Engineering Science. The latest experimental tool in Materials is the new JSTM-4500XT scanning tunnelling microscope, formally inaugurated in June 1994. This powerful instrument makes it possible to study individual atoms on surfaces at temperatures up to 1200 degrees centigrade. The Department of Engineering Science has just purchased a five-axis numerically-controlled milling machine, one of very few in UK university departments, capable of machining highly complex work accurately and repeatably. It is invaluable to research in turbomachinery, for example in producing turbine blades or compound angle hole patterns. The Department has also built up special resources in computer-aided design, and plans to use experience in a University-wide service for the design and construction of research equipment. The four chemistry departments continue to produce a broad range of work of very high standard, garnering an impressive array of medals, prizes and other awards from the Royal Society of Chemistry and other national and international bodies. They achieved two notable successes in the industrial application of research: the successful Stock Market flotation of Oxford Molecular, the molecular modelling company co-founded by Dr Graham Richards; and the launch of a new treatment for woodworm by Oxford Asymmetry, which manufactures chiral compounds, using technology developed by Dr Steve Davies in the Dyson Perrins Laboratory. `Letters from the Wall' A unique insight into Roman life in Britain was shortlisted for the British Archaeological Awards Book Prize. Dr Alan Bowman's Life and Letters from the Roman Frontier, published by British Museum Publications in March 1994, is an account, written for the general public, of life at the Roman fort of Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall. Dr Bowman, of Christ Church, held a British Academy Research Readership from 1991--93 to work on the extraordinary collection of writing tablets discovered at the fort over the past twenty years. These tablets are thin sheets of wood, inscribed in ink or wax, recording many aspects of the daily life of the soldiers at the fort in the second century AD. They range from lists of provisions, through orders for the movement of troops, to a birthday party invitation for the wife of the Camp Commander. Together with Dr J David Thomas of the University of Durham, Dr Bowman published a full scholarly account of his research, The Vindolanda Writing Tablets, at the same time as his popular book. The New Dictionary of National Biography A comprehensive survey of the contributions of British men and women to the history of the nation is now into its second year of research. The New Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), the largest research project ever undertaken about the British past, is a joint undertaking by Oxford University and Oxford University Press, with substantial funding from the British Academy. It will include revised entries from its illustrious predecessor, first published over a century ago and still being updated, as well as compiling new entries for those who, with hindsight, have been unfairly neglected. Professor Colin Matthew, Editor of the project, has sixteen full-time staff working on contributions by specialist historians from all over the world. The editorial team proposes to add a further 12,000 lives to the 37,000 in the present DNB, focusing particularly on relatively neglected groups such as women, people from the business world and twentieth-century figures. Seahorse Conservation Seahorses in the Indian and Pacific oceans are under threat from the traditional medicine trade in China. But attempts to conserve these species are hampered by ignorance of their biology. The Darwin Initiative of the Department of the Environment, established in response to the Rio Conference on Biodiversity, has awarded a grant of 35,000 to Dr Amanda Vincent of the Department of Zoology to carry out the first study of the basic reproductive ecology of seahorses, assess their socio-economic value and formulate a policy for their management in association with partners in the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. She has also received the 15,000 Whitley Award for Animal Conservation from the Royal Geographic Society for the same project. The Optima Project Alzheimer's disease is the commonest cause of dementia in old age, and may affect as many as one in ten of those over 65 years of age. The only reliable way to diagnose the disease is by looking for the characteristic patterns of degeneration in the brain after death. The Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (Optima) has developed tests, which can be carried out during the lifetime of the individual, that will reduce the uncertainty of current clinical methods of diagnosis -- and possibly provide some pointers towards the causes of the disease. The project is a joint undertaking between Professor David Smith of the Department of Pharmacology and Dr Kim Jobst of the Department of Clinical Neurology, together with many colleagues. They have found that the thickness of a brain structure called the medial temporal lobe, revealed in life by a brain scan, declines ten times more rapidly in those with Alzheimer's disease than in those who are ageing normally. TEACHING AND NEW COURSES Considerable discussion is taking place at all levels about course content, course length and teaching, and the interplay between undergraduate and graduate work. Tutorial Teaching At the undergraduate level, the University is determined to maintain high quality tutorial teaching. The value of this has been recognized by the various assessment teams which have visited Oxford in 1993--94 under HEFCE's quality assessment programme. Chemistry, Law and Modern History all secured an `excellent' grading (as did Applied Social Studies at the graduate level). Undergraduate tutorial teaching is demanding in time and effort, however, and the University's task must be to find ways of sustaining it while ensuring that its academic staff also have time for the teaching and supervision of graduate students and for research, particularly now that so large a proportion of the University's income depends on its success in the research assessment exercises carried out every four years or so by the Funding Councils. Some steps have been taken to try to ease the burden on academic staff, but more thought is needed on this and in 1994--95 the General Board will be asking all faculty boards and colleges to address the question of how syllabus content and organization can best be matched with available resources to ensure a continuation of the University's high standards in all areas. Undergraduate Courses At the same time, the University has constantly to monitor the content of its undergraduate courses, bearing in mind, in particular, the changes which continue to take place in schools. Major changes in Classical Moderations and Greats were approved in 1993--94, to take effect from October 1995. These will enable the University to meet the demand for courses in Classics from those with the appropriate ability and motivation who have not had the opportunity to study Greek and/or Latin beyond an elementary level at school. Admissions to two new undergraduate courses, Computation, and Economics and Management, took place in 1993--94, the courses beginning in October 1994. Economics and Management attracted 289 candidates for twenty places and is the first new course associated with the general new developments in Management Studies. Approval was also given in 1993--94 for a new honour school of European and Middle Eastern Languages, which started in October 1994. After some ten years, the arrangements with Sheffield University, under which Oxford undergraduates reading Japanese were taught in their first year in Sheffield have now been ended, following changes in course structure there, and Oxford has now taken on this responsibility. In the natural sciences, discussion on undergraduate syllabuses has had to take account not only of the changes in school curricula and examinations, but the relationship between undergraduate courses and graduate research work. The 1993 White Paper on science (Realising our potential; a strategy for Science, Engineering and Technology) recommended the introduction of a formal Master's degree, the MRes as a necessary prerequisite to an award to undertake a DPhil. The University's official reply to a consultative document on this, emphasized the importance of maintaining flexibility and of avoiding rigid patterns. Meanwhile, a four-year undergraduate course in Physics, introduced in 1993, was confirmed in 1994 and a new four-year course in Mathematics was approved in 1993--94 for introduction in 1994--95. In each case, the course is an alternative to the existing three-year course and is designed to cater particularly for those who intend to undertake research and other graduate work or otherwise to pursue these subjects professionally. Although these new courses have been introduced, the uncertainties caused by the White Paper have been considerable. Would it be necessary for the sciences to introduce more taught course elements into their graduate provision? If so, should the new four-year undergraduate courses be abandoned? Certain research councils have sought bids for funds for pilot studies for four-year doctoral programmes (including an initial one-year course combining taught elements with a substantial research project). The exact nature of the requirements remained uncertain up to the end of 1993--94; would it be necessary, for example, to introduce an MRes for the first year even in the case of a pilot study? Some clarification has been introduced in this area since the end of 1993--94 by a decision by the Government that a Master's degree should not be a mandatory prerequisite for pursuing a DPhil. It is uncertain, however, what the relationship is between this decision and the continuation of the pilot schemes referred to in the previous paragraph. Graduate Courses Turning to graduate matters in the arts, the University has continued its development of more formal research training in the first year of the DPhil, taking particular account of the requirements of the British Academy. For example, an MSt in Research Methods in English was introduced in 1993--94 and approval was given in that year for the introduction of similar courses for History and for Law in 1994-- 95. New graduate courses worthy of note, include an integrated graduate development course within the Department for Continuing Education, and a one--year MSc in Environmental Change and Management. The former was introduced in 1993--94 in association with the Computing Laboratory, with significant funding from the EPSRC. The programme involved close collaboration between the University, the students on the courses (which lead in the first instance to a diploma and then to a Master's degree if the longer course is taken), and the employers of those students. Both courses are part time and to some extent modular. The new MSc in Environmental Change and Management, which began this autumn, was developed as part of the Environmental Change Unit's founding remit. CONTINUING EDUCATION The University, through its Department for Continuing Education, provides opportunities for study which complement the traditional courses. The growth of recent years continued in 1993--94, with nearly 14,000 students enrolled on courses. More than 500 courses were offered on a part-time or short-term basis, and a number of new developments were initiated. Credit Schemes Oxford's pioneering role in the development of the University extension scheme in the nineteenth century, underlines its national responsibility to lifelong learning and outreach activities. This was of particular importance during 1993--94 as the HEFCE consulted universities on changed patterns of funding for non-vocational continuing education. Although the University's preferred policy for the maintenance of the liberal education tradition was not adopted in full by the Funding Council, safeguards for the future of the work were secured. New approaches were also agreed during the year to enable students on continuing education courses to obtain credits which count towards a higher education award. The University's commitment to extending such opportunities was further underlined by the signing of a credit transfer agreement with the Open University in February 1994. The University's procedures for monitoring the quality of its continuing education provision were also singled out for commendation by the Higher Education Quality Council following its Quality Audit of the University. New Courses Opportunities for part-time students to gain awards at the University were enhanced by the introduction of the first Master's degree specifically designed for part-time study, and the agreement of the academic arrangements for other part-time Master's courses. The first students enrolled on undergraduate level Foundation courses in English and Social Studies, intended to bring part-time students up to the level of first public examinations, at the start of an exciting new development. The number of advanced courses, offered jointly by the Department and other faculties and departments as part of Oxford's provision for individuals and groups drawn from business, industry and the professions, continued to grow. Enrolments on professionally-orientated courses increased by 30 per cent to 2,118 and the range of professional areas covered by such courses expanded to include law, biomedical sciences, applied social studies and others. Several new posts were created as part of the Integrated Graduate Development Programme in Software Engineering, supported by a 500,000 grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and by a range of industrial partners. This programme is innovative in that part of the course is delivered on company premises; in the introduction of electronic tutorials; and in the development of a new Master's degree in Software Engineering. The University's new Social Work Practice Teachers Course continued to receive financial support from the Central Council for the Education and Training of Social Workers, thereby confirming its leading national role. The University organized a Europe-wide conference on the Management of European Collaborative Programmes, bringing together Director-Generals of the European Commission and senior academics and policy makers from all the European Union countries. The most successful professionally-orientated courses are increasingly requested abroad. Overseas Provision Oxford's provision of courses for overseas students, attracted a record number of students during the year, totalling 1,175. The large number of collaborative programmes with North American universities grew with new summer courses arranged with the Universities of Texas, Virginia, Georgia and Saskatchewan, plus events to celebrate the twenty-fifth Oxford/Berkeley Summer School. Programmes were initiated with partners from East Asia and other European countries as part of a policy of diversification. A one-year training course for diplomats from Taiwan was launched, and new summer courses for students from Japan and Germany were held. An agreement was reached with the British Council for a joint international course for teachers of English. At the end of 1993, the five-year Kellogg Forum project was concluded. The Forum played a crucial role in the formulation and discussion of continuing education policy and practice locally, nationally and internationally. In the course of its work, the Forum arranged twelve seminar series, eight national and local conferences, and a series of annual lectures; it also undertook six research projects; and sponsored nineteen Visiting Kellogg Fellows. Kellogg College For the past four years, Rewley House has developed in support of the University's part-time provision. In 1993, the Governing Body received the assent of the University to name Rewley House after Mr Will Keith Kellogg, in recognition of the outstanding generosity of the W K Kellogg Foundation to continuing education in Oxford over a period of more than thirty years. The Governing Body has been given permission to supplicate for a Royal Charter for Kellogg College which will aim to provide an even firmer, collegiate, base for future part-time studies at Oxford than has existed hitherto. LINKS WITH INDUSTRY Over the past academic year, the University has continued to maintain its strong links with industry -- as is evident from the proportion of total research income derived from industrial companies both at home and abroad. This amounted to more than 12 per cent in 1993--94. Although funding from overseas companies has dropped by 1.3 million since 1992--93, research income from British industry rose significantly and is now back to levels reached in 1991--92. In general, companies continue to fund a wide range of research work at Oxford, although support for longer-term, `blue-sky', research has decreased, perhaps due to the world-wide recession. The Clinical and Pre-clinical Sciences Research projects benefiting most from large-scale industrial funding in the past year fall mainly within the clinical and pre-clinical sciences. Oxford has developed close ties, for example, with Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, which signed a research and license agreement in 1993 for a novel method for tumour diagnosis using CD44 gene products, paving the way for further financial support from the pharmaceutical company worth over 113,000, for Dr David Tarin of the Department of Pathology and Bacteriology to carry out research into the therapeutic applications of newly identified gene sequences. Pharmaceutical companies have provided important equipment support, for example Bayer AG provided 22,000 for equipment for Dr David Barford in the Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and the Wellcome Foundation provided over 80,000 for Dr David Stuart's research on the structure of proteins in the Department of Biochemistry. In 1994, Bayer plc signed an agreement with the University to provide 4.28 million over five years for the Early Diabetes Intervention Trial, to be carried out by Dr Rury Holman of the Diabetes Research Laboratory. In March, the French company Pasteur MArieux Serums et Vaccins committed nearly 1.2 million to a five year programme of research on human vaccines, under the supervision of Professor E Richard Moxon of the Department of Paediatrics. The Ares-Serono Group is providing 219,000 for Professor John Newsom-Davis's research in the Department of Clinical Neurology on treatments for patients with multiple sclerosis. In 1993, the Clinical Trial Service Unit received grants of US$7.8 million, $6 million, and 1 million over six years from F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Merck and Co, Inc and Merck-UK respectively, who joined the British Heart Foundation and the Medical Research Council to support the Heart Protection Study to assess treatments of patients at high risk from coronary heart disease. The Physical Sciences British companies have invested significantly in research in the physical sciences. Rolls-Royce plc, for example, not only maintained its commitment to the University Technology Centre in Turbine Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics, under the supervision of Professor Terry Jones with contributions of 286,000, and 104,926 in 1993--94, but also backed Dr Roger Ainsworth's research on aerodynamics in the Department of Engineering Science with a total grant of 168,000 over three years. The Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory received a grant from the US company, E I Du Pont de Nemours, to support Professor Malcolm Green's research into the development of catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing two or more carbon atoms; and the Department of Materials, received support worth $300,000 over two years from Hewlett-Packard for collaborative research, led by Professor David Pettifor, on the modelling of lubrication and wear at head/disk interfaces. Industrial sponsorship under Government-subsidized schemes such as LINK and CASE continues to be a popular option. New LINK partnerships include Zeneca and the research of both Dr Laurence Harwood and Dr Stephen Davies of the Dyson Perrins Laboratory, under the Asymmetric Synthesis Programme; and British Coal and ARCO British Limited under the Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Programme, supporting the work led by Dr Iain Mason of the Department of Engineering Science. The University received continuing support for the CASE studentship scheme from a variety of companies, including Glaxo, Unilever, British Nuclear Fuels, Shell, Zeneca, AEA Technology, Pfizer and BP. Oxford also continues to take advantage of the Teaching Company Scheme programme, and last year initiated a TCS collaboration with Rolls-Royce plc under the supervision of Dr Brian Cantor in the Department of Materials, to carry out research in the thermodynamic control of vacuum plasma spray coating of aeroengine components. The University also benefited from the new research council-led ROPA Scheme (Realizing Our Potential Awards) last year. The Microwave that `thinks for itself' A two-year research programme, sponsored by Sharp Laboratories of Europe Limited, has led to the production of a one-touch microwave oven developed with technology devised by Dr Lionel Tarassenko of the Department of Engineering Science. The project involved adapting and refining neural network computer systems, which aim to imitate the thought structure of the human brain. The University will receive a royalty for every product sold. This is the first product to be developed and manufactured by Sharp outside Japan. THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME The campaign and its donors The year marked the successful culmination of the six-year Campaign for Oxford, the University's international fundraising initiative, which has exceeded its final target of 340 million. Launched in 1988, the Campaign has raised 341.2 million in support of a wide variety of academic projects and other needs. The total raised includes 140.3 million in the form of philanthropic gifts. Of this, around 73.4 million was raised from contributions from business and industry, from charitable foundations and other private institutions. Altogether, more than 27,000 donations have been received from over 18,000 donors throughout the world. A further 200 million was raised in the form of research grants and contracts. A considerable proportion of the total has come in the form of very substantial benefactions. The largest, US $30 million, was received from Bristol-Myers Squibb. A further forty were worth more than 1 million each. The Rhodes Trust alone, one of Oxford's biggest benefactors, has given more than 6 million to date. Since the launch of the Campaign, over 15,000 graduates worldwide, out of a total of 125,000, have responded by donating more than 8.3 million in response to mailings. Many chose to make unrestricted contributions to the University and their college, while others gave to academic projects. Significant support went to the Bodleian Library, with 4,460 graduates donating 540,000 in all; and to the endowment of a new post for the teaching of Ancient Greek, backed by over 1,000 Oxford Classicists subscribing 406,000 in all. The impact on the University Ten years ago, the University of Oxford was depressed by the effects of fundamental reductions in Government funding for higher education in the UK, with more than 100 academic posts, including ten chairs, vacant through lack of funds. With a further 100 threatened by budget cuts, the University urgently needed to reduce its dependence on fees if the tutorial system was to survive. It was in this climate that Campaign for Oxford was launched, with a target of 220 million to be raised in five years. This was subsequently increased to 340 million in six years. In September of this year, the Vice-Chancellor was able to announce to the Chancellor's Court of Benefactors that the target had been exceeded by 1.2 million. The following Campaign achievements have had a major impact on the life of the University: the funding (either short-term or in perpetuity) of 117 academic posts, including 34 Chairs; over 200 million raised in research funding attracted by the high quality of Oxford sciences; the establishment of many new academic initiatives such as the School of Management Studies and the Environmental Change Unit; major new construction, including the Ashmolean Forecourt Development (funded by Tim & Susie Sainsbury through the Headley Trust), the new Pharmacology building (funded by pharmaceutical company Bristol-Myers Squibb), and the Computing Laboratory's Wolfson Building. International Links Oxford can call upon an invaluable network of support in the wider world, building on a bedrock of committed volunteers. Support has come from Oxonians all over the world, and from Oxford Society branches. Lord Weidenfeld, the Campaign's Vice-President, and Sir Ronald Grierson, founders of the Europaeum, are among those who generously involved their international friends and contacts in Oxford's enterprise. Active steering committees have been set up in America, Australia, Belgium, France, Canada and Holland, to strengthen existing links with Oxford. The Campaign's overseas offices have provided crucial support. United States North America responded strongly to the final phase of the Campaign: 25 per cent of all philanthropic gifts came from donors in the US and Canada, and of these 80 per cent were from graduates. The US Regional Campaign raised over US$850,000 from volunteer-led individual campaigns in eleven major cities throughout the US. The Rhodes Scholar community in the US contributed funds towards matching a $1.5 million challenge grant from the Rhodes Trust to benefit the Institute of American Studies. Another challenge grant of $500,000 was announced by the Joyce Mertz-Gilmore Foundation for the permanent endowment of the Directorship of the Refugee Studies Programme at Queen Elizabeth House. Alumni throughout the US and Canada travelled to New York for the 1994 reunion in March, and more than 900 attended a reception at the United Nations. Canada The Toronto office evolved from the North American operation, and encouraged 26 per cent of Canada's 2,700 alumni to give to Oxford, the highest percentage of donors in any country. The main area of support has been for a Chair in International Relations in honour of the Canadian Prime Minister Lester B Pearson, so that a postholder may be appointed in 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the UN. To date C$1.5 million has been raised. The Rhodes Trustees have agreed to underwrite the remainder of the sum needed during the tenure of the Lester B Pearson Professor while fundraising for the Chair continues. Japan Support from Japan represents 11 per cent of the Campaign's philanthropic gifts, mostly from corporations and foundations. They include the Nissan Motor Company, Toyota Motor Company, Sumitomo Bank, the Hokuriku Bank, Dai-ichi Kangyo Bank Ltd, the Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation, and Tokyo Electric Power Company. Benefactions from these sources have been used to fund research, academic posts and Japanese scholarships. The future A continuing Development Programme is now enshrined as a permanent part of the University's work. As the government can no longer be relied upon to provide full funding, Oxford needs to be able to generate income to operate flexibly and with greater independence. Some of the major projects launched under the Campaign have yet to be fully realized. For example, funds are still needed to sustain the Environmental Change Unit, the Refugee Studies Programme and the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies; to start the new buildings for Social Studies behind the Law Library; to begin the first phase of the imaginative Ashmolean Humanities Project; to launch the new Institute for American Studies; to secure the permanent endowment of posts in the Institute of European Studies, and to enable us to expand the activities of the Europaeum with its links established between Oxford, Leiden, Bonn and, now, Bologna; and to develop our teaching and research in Management Studies. The appointment of Andrew Goudie, Professor of Geography, as the new President of the Development Programme, from 1 January 1995, following the retirement of Professor Sir Richard Southwood as President of the Campaign, demonstrates the University's commitment to the future programme. Professor Goudie has already been involved with the Campaign as Chairman of the Environmental Project's Task Force. A new Director of the Development Office, Dr Jill Pellew, and a new Director of the External Relations Office, Dr Paul Flather, have also joined the team. It will now be the task of the Development Office to raise funds to support those projects which the University, through Council and the General Board, decides to take forward. In addition, the Development Office will be responsible for putting in place long-term programmes aimed at ensuring a steady flow of unrestricted funding for the University. Where appropriate, it will support the Research Services Office in encouraging provision of research grants. University and colleges are naturally inter-dependent, and the Development Office sees its role as complementary to the colleges' own fundraising activities. Major Campaign Gifts During the current year major gifts included: support for the Ashmolean Forecourt Development from the Headley Trust, the personal charitable foundation of Tim & Susie Sainsbury; 3.6 million from Sir Philip, Lady Harris and their family for the endowment of Manchester College as a full College of the University; 2 million from St Catherine's College with the approval of the Board of Directors of the Kobe Institute and of the Japan Foundation; $800,000 from Dr and Mrs Dietrich von Bothmer to the Ashmolean Museum, taking their gifts to the Museum and to Wadham College to over $2 million; 685,000 from UK organizations for New Century Scholarships for Japanese students; 621,000 from the late Mrs Jane Ledig-Rowohlt for two science scholarships in memory of her father, Joseph Scatcherd; 466,000 from Mrs Mary Blaschko for a visiting research scholarship in Pharmacology; $928,000 in matching gifts for the Rhodes Challenge of $1.5 million towards the Oxford Institute for American Studies. Summary of Gifts and Pledges Raised by Task Force Million Academic Foundations 29.5 American Studies 6.4 Archaeological Studies 1.0 Ashmolean Museum 9.4 Biomedical Sciences 15.1 Bodleian Library 7.7 Classics 4.1 Continuing Education 5.0 Environmental Studies 1.5 European Studies 3.0 International Studies 9.5 Language Centre 1.0 Management Studies 4.1 Mathematical and Computing Sciences 2.3 Performing Arts 1.4 Physical Sciences and Engineering 2.5 Pitt Rivers Museum 0.2 Scholarships 5.0 Socio-Legal Studies 0.2 Sport 0.9 The University Community 0.5 Other Projects 4.1 Other Libraries & Museums 0.3 Colleges 25.6 Total Philanthropic Gifts 140.3 Research Contracts 200.9 CAMPAIGN TOTAL 341.2 Sources of philanthropic gifts: Alumni and friends, 48 per cent (66.9m/$107.0m) Corporations, 35 per cent (49.8m/$79.7m) Foundations, 13 per cent (18.4m/$29.4m) Others, 4 per cent (5.2m/$8.3m) Geographical spread: Europe, 60 per cent; North America, 25 per cent; Japan, 11 per cent; rest of the world, 4 per cent. MUSEUMS AND LIBRARIES Oxford's museums and libraries have seen significant changes, both to the physical fabric of buildings and to operations of the institutions themselves, such as the continuing introduction of information technology systems. Museums The most dramatic changes are probably those taking place at the Ashmolean Museum. The front of the building has been shrouded with tarpaulin and scaffolding since the summer, as part of the extensive development being carried out in the forecourt, constructed within and below the existing building. A restaurant and shop, similar to those in most other major museums, plus a lecture room, are being constructed. The work will also include improvements in access to the Museum for the disabled and the elderly, in line with the University's access policy. The project is funded by a grant from the Headley Trust, a charitable foundation established by Tim and Susie Sainsbury. There will be further changes inside the Museum. Thanks to a major donation from Dietrich and Joyce von Bothmer, the Sunken Court will be transformed by a new Antiquities Gallery and climate-controlled storage area. A new Eastern Art print room and a Japanese Gallery has been generously funded by the Michael Marks Charitable Trust. Physical changes have also been taking place at other Museums. At the University Museum, the chamber where the historic debate on evolution between Thomas Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce took place in 1860, has been completely refurbished. Funds are also being raised to improve access for the elderly and the disabled. One particularly successful fundraising event was `Discovery Sunday', held jointly with the Pitt Rivers Museum featuring demonstrations, handling sessions, and behind-the-scenes tours which attracted 1,400 visitors. In another venture, the Museum was host to the winning entries of the popular British Gas Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition. The Pitt Rivers Museum, too, has been carrying out development work, including a continuing, much needed, rewiring programme, aided by a grant from the Museums and Galleries Improvement Fund. Another grant for work in the Lower Gallery will be spent on new cases for the north wall, and a fibre optic system of case lighting to provide better control over light levels and to reduce running costs. Part of the funding for this project also came from two benefit performances given by Oxonian Michael Palin at the Playhouse in February. The Museum of the History of Science, meanwhile, opened a special exhibition in February, bringing together two areas in which it has particular expertise: early printed books, and mathematical instruments from 1478 to 1614. Acquisitions All the University's museums have made important acquisitions during the year. The Ashmolean acquired Peter Paul Ruben's beautiful drawing of Thomas Howard, second Earl of Arundel, while the Museum of the History of Science was the beneficiary of the gift of the Buxton Collection of Charles Babbage's manuscripts and associated items, which had been on loan to the Museum since the 1930s. The Museum also acquired a rare eighteenth century French microscope to add to its existing collection. The Pitt Rivers received a gift to its archive of Freddie Spencer Chapman's photographs and films of Tibet taken in the 1930s, which will enhance an already strong Tibetan section. The Museum will also benefit from an endowment from William Delafield of a fund for the care and maintenance of the collections. The plant collections The staff of the University's museums, libraries and collections continue to work hard to raise their profile beyond the academic community, and the plant collections are no exception. The Botanic Garden and Arboretum attracted 306,000 visitors during the year, including 3,500 children and 2,800 adults who were taken round the grounds by the newly appointed Education Officer, Louise Allen. In May, the Garden participated in the Chelsea Flower Show with an exhibition of ferns, which received a Gold Medal, while the Herbaria staged a special exhibition when the Botanic Society of the British Isles held its annual general meeting in the Department of Plant Sciences. The collections of these institutions too have been extended. The Arboretum has meanwhile doubled the size of its bamboo collection to more than thirty species. There will soon be a collection of plants which appeared in the Botanic Garden's very first catalogue in 1648. Libraries While the changes to the Museums have largely been to their outward appearance, those taking place within the Libraries are largely internal, to the system of information gathering itself, with further investment in information technology. Cataloguing remains a major task, as the statistics reveal. On 17 October last year the Oxford Libraries Information Service (OLIS) catalogued its one-millionth record; the catalogue itself grew by 33 per cent for the second year in succession; and sixty-seven libraries are now cataloguing on OLIS, which not surprisingly, has been upgraded to cope with the increasing demands on the central processor. The year also saw the pre-1920 Bodleian Catalogue published on CD-ROM, which is available from OUP. Now, a four-year project to convert the 1920--85 Catalogue into machine readable electronic form is under way. The Libraries have also had to make accommodation for the now widely-used Ethernet; an electronic communication system which will give access to local information sources and tools such as CD-ROM, Gopher, World-Wide-Web, OLIS and Bodleian Access to Remote Databases (BARD), as well as to the widely used Internet service. The Libraries received some support for, and recognition of, the enormity of these tasks. The long-awaited Follett Report (from the Joint Funding Council's Libraries Review Group, which was published during the year) stressed the important role that information technology must play in the running of universities, and libraries in particular. In response to this, and to the HEFCE's expectation that universities should focus on this area, the University established a working party to report on an information strategy. Traditional Holdings These necessary developments have not, however, deflected the Bodleian from the care of its traditional holdings. The Library continues to focus on its role as a repository of historic importance, with the publication after four years of the first part of the Preservation Report, from the Libraries Board's Preservation Committee. It includes the fullest survey yet attempted, of the condition of holdings within the University's libraries, and is intended to form the basis for a sizeable preservation programme. The major role of the Bodleian as a library of legal deposit was also singled out by the Follett Report, and the costs involved in its fulfilment of this role, are recognized by the HEFCE's decision to maintain its special funding arrangements. Of the many acquisitions made during the year, two of special interest are the papers of former Prime Ministers Harold Macmillan and Harold Wilson, and several items of the Fairfax Collection (previously held on deposit), including an important series of newsbooks. The Bodleian also grew substantially, with the incorporation of the Oriental Institute Library and the Philosophy Library within the Bodleian group, and the creation of the Chinese Studies Library at the old Clarendon Press Institute. As a celebration of the opening of the new Exhibition Room in July 1994, the Bodleian staged a highly popular exhibition, A Continental Shelf: Books across Europe from Ptolemy to Don Quixote. STUDENT ACTIVITIES Undergraduates have continued to participate in the huge range of cultural, sporting and political extra-curricular activities which have long been an important component of the Oxford experience. Over 150 clubs and societies are registered with the University. While some may turn out to be short stayers, others, such as the Oxford University Dramatic Society (OUDS) and the Oxford Union Society, continue to play a sustained and important part in the cultural and intellectual life of the University. In the 1993--94 season, OUDS productions included Salome, The Way of the World and The Tria, the latter two making their way into the Oxford Playhouse, the showcase for the best undergraduate productions. At the Oxford Union, the future of socialism, the rights of the terminally ill and the equal treatment of rich and poor in the legal system, were among topics debated. The late John Smith PC, QC, MP, the Nobel prize-winning scientist, Francis Crick, and the actress Helen Suzman, were among those who addressed the Society during the year. Half a dozen major student newspapers and magazines flourished, involving scores of people in administration and revenue raising, writing, photography and production. The national prize for the best student magazine was won by the University's magazine, Isis. In recent years, participation in sports, particularly among women at the University, has increased steadily. In the 1993 Varsity Games, some three hundred junior members took part in the fourteen events and emerged victorious in no fewer than nine sports. Gradual progress is being made towards the provision of professional coaching, with the University cricket and hockey teams being the first to benefit. The value of this initiative has been demonstrated by the team, the first student team ever to win a place in the National League. Music making also continues to thrive. Choirs abound and there are two full-sized orchestras, several chamber orchestras, a contemporary music group and two opera clubs. On the political front, Oxford University Student Union's (OUSU) task of representing student opinion to the Government was particularly crucial in 1993--94, given the proposals on the reform of student unions. The beginning of the academic year saw the publication of OUSU's detailed response to the Bill. With the passing of the amended Bill in July, OUSU has been briefing JCRs and MCRs on its implications. Rag Week in May was masterminded by a committee of seven, with officers in every college. In 1993--94, some 60,000 was raised for a variety of national and local charities including the Imperial Cancer Research Fund and Help the Aged. The Rag Committee is building a close link with a local charity called Bridge, which brings together physically- and mentally-handicapped adults and children from the inner city. The provision of accommodation for junior members has been improving year on year, as colleges' building programmes continued apace last year. Almost all colleges now offer accommodation to undergraduates for two years, and about one third house all their undergraduates throughout their courses of study. Provision for graduates is also improving gradually, although over 50 per cent of graduates still have to live in private accommodation. The University sees the involvement of its junior members in a wide range of extra-curricular activities in a very positive light. The personal qualities fostered by these endeavours are often commented on, and commended by, those who recruit graduates. Three students talk about their involvement in a particular extra-curricular activity: Mara Myers (3rd year PPE Student) `I was elected captain of the University Women's Cross Country Club at the end of Hilary Term '93. My job was to pick and motivate the team, liaise with the men's captain, and lead some training sessions. We had a successful year: we won the Varsity Match on Wimbledon Common in December. In Hilary Term, we took a team of five to the British Universities (BUSF) Championship, at Durham. We travelled on Friday, to stay fresh for Saturday's race, and returned on Sunday after a big party. It's nice to have that social element -- we do gradually get to know runners from elsewhere on the inter-varsity race circuit. Personally, I was quite pleased with my result; 11th out of over 150. In Trinity Term, I switched to the track. I suppose the highlights were winning both the 800 and 1500m for Oxford and Cambridge versus Penn and Cornell; and a 3000m personal best at the National Championships -- though at 9'40" I've still got room for improvement. Actually, I'd hardly done any running before I came to Oxford. I gave up swimming at fourteen; and played club hockey for a few years. Oxford gave me the opportunity to try something new. I'm currently President of the Women's Blues Committee, which regulates the Full- or Half-Blue status of each sport. We also award discretionary Blues to exceptional performers in non-Blue sports. And I've been the old members' Secretary to Atalanta's, the new sportswomen's club which aims to promote women's sport both financially and in the press.' Laurence Angrave (Nuclear Physics DPhil Student) `I became involved with Bridge three years ago by going on one of their Summer Camps and it quickly altered my perception on people's potential for change and just how much a student body with external responsibilities can achieve. Bridge provides local kids in need of a break, and adults with learning difficulties or physical disabilities, with an opportunity to work together in a range of team-based activities. A Bridge project offers a supportive environment where all involved are encouraged to discover and develop their own abilities. There are four strands to our work, all student run; these include a lively "Saturday Club", a termly "Weekend Away", and a "Team Befriending" scheme, in which each team devises its own projects, for example an Oxford fashion show. But the highlights of the year are the Easter and Summer Camps. These bring students and clients together with managers from industry, and it's a highly creative test of your skills to involve all the team's members in, say, building a thirty-feet high spaceship.' Liz Brown (2nd year Modern History Student) `I came up in 1993, and went straight into Drama Cuppers, which is specifically designed for Freshers. The competition is for short half-hour shows, so I did an adaptation of Dario Fo's Elizabeth, playing the Queen and directing myself -- I'm not the shy retiring type! I wouldn't do it again, though: you can't do both properly. I also put a multi-media piece together with some friends. It was about women's experience, and backed with slide projection of the images society imposes on women. All highly pretentious! The following term I played Blanche in Streetcar, and directed another multi-media production, this time with film. The filmed flashbacks represented the characters' memories of similar actions or situations in the past, which conflicted with what was happening (on stage) in the present. The production was an adaptation of Fellini's film 8 and a Half. In Trinity Term, I played Alice in Strindberg's Dance of Death, and Salome -- a pretty heavy double-act! Salome was the Merton Garden Show and I froze to death in the Dance of the Seven Veils... I know it's crazy doing such big roles in so short a time -- doing just one part with lots of rehearsal time for Edinburgh this summer was bliss -- but who'd turn down either of those parts? Oxford Drama has so many opportunities, it's extremely well-financed, the venues and the people are so good, you just have to make the most of it.' INTERNATIONAL LINKS International activities during the year have focused on strengthening the University's links particularly with Japan, Korea and Europe. During the year, the International Committee, chaired by Professor Denis Noble, Burdon Sanderson Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology, met five times to discuss these developments. Overall, in 1993--94 there were 2,940 international students studying in the University, 851 from the European Union and 2,098 from the rest of the world, making up 10 per cent of undergraduate and almost 45 per cent of total graduate student numbers. Japan Last January, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed by the President of Tokyo University, Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, and the Vice-Chancellor, to increase institutional co-operation including the exchange of researchers, faculty, and students. Two new scholarship schemes have also been established. During his visit to Tokyo in September 1993, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced the creation of the New Century Scholarship scheme for talented Japanese graduate students to study at Oxford. The scheme, funded by major UK companies, including British Telecom, Guinness, Rolls Royce, British Airways, Reuters, the Inchcape Foundation, Cable and Wireless, S G Warburg, Oxford Instruments, National Westminster Bank, John Laing, British Gas, Glaxo and Friends Provident, is targeted at future leaders who will strengthen links between the UK and Japan. The first five New Century Scholars will begin their studies at Oxford in 1994- -95. A further ten scholarships will be available next year. Last July, the Oxford Kobe Scholarships, funded by a benefaction from St Catherine's College with the approval of the Directors of the Kobe Institute and the Japan Foundation, were set up to support up to five Japanese graduate students to study for Oxford degrees, with preference given to young scientists. The first Oxford Kobe scholar will arrive in 1995--96. South Korea In July, the Vice-Chancellor and the President of Seoul National University, Chong-un Kim, signed an Academic and Cultural Agreement to foster academic exchange and co-operation between the two universities. A major expansion in teaching of Korean studies at Oxford is under way with the appointment of an instructor in Korean and the first lecturer in Korean history. Both posts are funded by a generous five-year grant from the Korea Foundation. Following the summer visit, the Korea Foundation also agreed to fund two scholarships for the next five years for graduates in Korean studies, to start from October 1995. South Africa The University's links with South Africa have been boosted by the establishment of the Oppenheimer Fund, made possible by a generous benefaction of 1 million from Mr Harry Oppenheimer, the retired industrialist and Chancellor of Cape Town University. This Fund will support the exchange of staff and students between Oxford and the Republic, and will also provide funds for studies within the University related to sub-Saharan Africa, with particular emphasis on environmental or development problems or on research related to mining. European Links The past year has also seen exciting developments in the University's European links. The public launch of the Europaeum took place in September 1993 with a major conference in Oxford, addressed by Lord Dahrendorf on the theme of whether governments in democratic European societies are losing touch with their citizens. The Europaeum is conceived as a core network of leading European universities promoting staff and student exchange, joint research and conferences and summer schools. Following an initial agreement involving Oxford and Leiden in 1992 the Europaeum was joined by the University of Bonn in December 1993 and the University of Bologna in June. A summer school, entitled `Concepts of Europe', was held in Leiden in June for graduate students from Oxford, Leiden, Bonn and some Central European universities with a keynote address by Mr Piet Dankert, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the Netherlands. A conference on the theme `Europe without America' was held in Oxford in Se ptember. In 1993--94, two Thyssen Foundation Scholarships, a Firmenich Scholarship and a Henry R Kravis Scholarship were awarded to students from Germany, the Czech Republic and Lithuania studying at the University's European Studies Institute. Meanwhile, the University has continued to play an active part in the Coimbra Group of thirty European traditional universities which aims to promote co-operation in a range of areas including staff and student exchange and joint research. Oxford is a member of the Task Force on Central/Eastern Europe, established during Sir Richard Southwood's Presidency of the Group, and the Task Force on relations with the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries and on Latin America. During the year, two Oxford students studied at Heidelberg under the Coimbra Group arrangements, and two students from Leiden studied in Oxford. Opportunities for study in Europe are of increasing importance. The University is now a partner in twenty-three ERASMUS programmes promoting student mobility. Twenty-five Oxford students took part in exchanges which brought forty-nine students to Oxford. Although the structure of most Oxford undergraduate courses makes exchanges at this undergraduate level difficult to arrange, one of the University's most successful ERASMUS programmes involves the exchange of fourth year Biochemistry students, and this year ten Oxford students spent one term in Leiden, Padua or Marburg. Next year, a new programme, co-ordinated by Oxford, will enable fifteen Oxford students to spend the 1994--95 academic year at the Universities of Paris II, Leiden or Konstanz as part of a four-year undergraduate programme of Law combined with Law Studies in Europe. Scholarship Schemes The University continues to give priority to raising funds for scholarships to enable talented international students to take up their places here. The first Dulverton Scholarships, for both undergraduate and graduate students from Central/Eastern Europe, were awarded to eight students from Russia, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania in October 1993 and the first Oxford Hong Kong Bursaries were awarded to graduate students from Hong Kong, supported by a committee of Oxford alumni based in the Colony. The University's own bursary scheme continued to assist students who were liable to pay fees at the overseas rate, and in 1993--94 awards were made to forty-eight new students. In total, 132 students received bursaries, thirty-five were partially supported by the University under the shared scholarship schemes and a further thirty received scholarships funded by outside donors and administered by the International Office. A number of other new scholarship schemes were set up during the year and the first scholars will be taking up their places in 1994--95; three Karim Rida Said Scholarships have been awarded to students from countries of the Arab League, and the first Scatcherd Scholarship has been awarded to a student from Romania. A student from Pakistan will also be supported by a new scholarship funded jointly by the Lady Noon Trust and Oxford University Press (Pakistan). The Rhodes Trust, established in 1902, continues to support international students to study at Oxford. In 1993--94 awards were made to eighty-six students from the USA, South Africa, Germany, Australia, the Commonwealth Caribbean, Bermuda, Jamaica, Canada, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and to eight students from other countries of the European Union bringing to 234 the total number of Rhodes scholars in Oxford. THE UNIVERSITY ESTATE The past year has seen both an impressive portfolio of building projects completed, and a further schedule of major works launched, in addition to the essential maintenance work that is a continuous commitment of the University. The University allocated 2.8 million from its own resources for both major projects and minor new works to be undertaken over the year. This was enhanced by additional funds from outside bodies. Projects that were completed during the year included several major redevelopments of existing buildings. The facilities of the Computing Department were greatly expanded, thanks to a donation from the Wolfson Family Charitable Trust which enabled the Department's premises to be extended. The Wolfson Building, overlooking the Parks at the corner of Keble Road, now offers 1,900 square metres of space and includes a lecture theatre for 125 students, four seminar rooms, a Departmental library, a reading room, new social areas, thirty-three academic offices and centralized computer rooms. A major conversion also took place at the Clarendon Press Institute in Walton Street. The former social centre for Oxford University Press has now been converted into facilities for the Departments of Linguistics and Chinese Studies. The introduction of a mezzanine floor created additional space, and the building now houses teaching rooms, offices and the Library for Chinese Studies, which is part of the Bodleian group. Another building development addressed an associated need of University life. On the Banbury Road, the Careers Service was expanded with the two-storey Centenary extension. The upper storey provides extra space for the Service's ever-growing Information Room while the ground floor provides a new lecture room. As part of the University's on-going campaign to ease access to study for students and staff with small children, a second University nursery is being built and will open in 1995. A purpose-built facility, the nursery will cater for fifty children, from babies to five-year-olds. It will be divided into four `homebase' areas, for different age ranges, and will be include a kitchen, and indoor and outdoor play areas with toys. Work in Progress There are many high-profile works still in progress. The forecourt of the Ashmolean Museum is currently being excavated as part of the project to build a restaurant, workshops and lecture room beneath it, thanks to funding from the Sainsbury family. Other projects include the Abraham Wolfson Magnet Laboratory, which is nearing completion; the Wellcome Building for Psychiatry at the Warneford Hospital; the Therapeutic Antibody Centre at the Churchill Hospital site; the refurbishment of 65-67 St Giles' still to be allocated; and the construction of forty-seven flats for married students in Rewley Road. Work was also carried out, as it is every year, to improve and convert laboratory and other facilities in the Science Area for incoming professors, to customize these to their particular requirements. Equally essential, if not as glamorous, to the life of the University, are the refurbishments that take place on a rolling basis. The Higher Education Funding Council of England (HEFCE) has identified areas of maintenance and safety work on University buildings that it classifies as `top priority', and is providing 40 per cent of the 7 million needed for this repairs programme, with the University providing the other 60 per cent. These priority repairs are scheduled to be completed by April 1995 and then less urgent repairs will be undertaken. The HEFCE will provide up to 25 per cent of the funding needed for a three-year follow-on programme. The 9 million programme for the upgrading of the biological services facilities continues, as do the programmes initiated by the Safety Committee to improve fire precautions, fume cupboards and general safety, for which 1.2 million has been allocated for the year. Future Projects More major projects are in the pipeline, many already at the design stage. Planning is about to start on new buildings for the Centre for Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the Science Area, and for the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics at the John Radcliffe Hospital, while the design of a new 4.8 million support building for Pathology is also under way. Some projects are still looking for funding. Schemes have been developed to assist with fundraising for the proposed Institute of American Studies and for the planned developments on the St Cross TA site and the Ashmolean site. The Radcliffe Infirmary Trust continues with the planning of its move to Headington in 1999, and the University has identified funding to purchase the site. However, no funding body has yet come forward to help with the 14 million costs of relocating the University departments now on the Infirmary site, even though discussions are currently under way. These funding shortfalls, along with a continuing shortage of building land for further expansions to University buildings, are thus the key challenges for the future. THE CAREERS SERVICE Students who graduated in 1994 had spent all their time at Oxford during an economic recession. They naturally took their job-hunting more seriously and have used the Careers Service in record numbers throughout the year. The number of undergraduates registered and using the Service has risen from 1,713 in 1975 to 2,482 in 1993. Oxford students have some advantages in their search for employment: most have high A level grades; they have had the benefit of intensive tutorial teaching; and, according to a recent Gallup survey, they are three times as likely to have taken part in extra-curricular activities compared with students elsewhere. They are more likely to regard their degree as a passport to a good job, and to feel optimistic about their chances of getting a good job and a high salary. In looking for employment they give high priority to `challenging work' and to working in London, while the national preference is for `security and comfort'. Nevertheless, Oxford students do not find it easy to make connections with non-academic employment. Two thirds of them have come to Oxford straight from school. They have usually chosen their degree subject for interest, or because they are good at it, rather than for any vocational reason. Their studies at Oxford very rarely bring them into contact with non-academic employment, and 87 per cent of them feel `daunted' by the prospect of finding satisfactory work. Oxford graduates with general degrees in arts and science, whilst having a wide range of choice open to them, have little knowledge of themselves in non-academic settings, and of the occupations open to them. This has been true for some years. What has changed in the last three years is the number of jobs on offer and the criteria used for selection. The recession has reduced, probably irreversibly, the number of employers recruiting in the Milkround cycle and also the number of vacancies available at that time. Since there is nationally a much larger number of graduates looking for work, employers have had to be more selective. They now only take graduates who show knowledge of, and interest in, the work for which they are applying and when they show evidence of possessing the necessary skills. Simply to present a good all-round university record, is no longer enough. Oxford graduates remain as potentially employable as they always have been, but getting a job requires more preparatory work and takes longer. This involves higher usage of the Careers Service and over a longer period. In 1993, 50 per cent of the pre-final year students used the Service and 83 per cent of those in their final year. The Service is also dealing with more than 1,000 graduates who had left Oxford in earlier years, as well as with an increasing number of postgraduate students, many from overseas. However, it does not see its role as one of telling students what they ought to do, or of placing them in particular positions; rather it is to help them see what they need to do themselves to achieve these objectives. Most will need to repeat this process a number of times in their working lives. The Careers Service offers a very wide range of activities to help them, including files, hand-outs and video tapes on occupations, employers and jobs. In addition, it has information about postgraduate courses, academic and vocational, at home and abroad. The computer-assisted careers guidance system enables students to relate their personal attributes to occupations. Programmes of presentations, discussions and training sessions are run termly, with six or seven events being held every day throughout Michaelmas Term. Emphasis is placed on the need to secure direct contact with occupations through visits, work-shadowing, courses and vacation work. Individual personal help is also available, increasingly through short contacts with Careers Advisers on duty in the Information Room. The Careers Service information about employers and jobs has been well developed over the 100 years of the Service's existence. Each Careers Adviser has responsibility for particular employment areas, thereby keeping knowledge of the market realistic and up-to-date. These advisers have to be able to advise on alternative strategies, speculative applications, further training and on temporary and voluntary work. Statistics on the first employment destinations show that `further academic study' is the largest category, followed by Commerce, Legal Training and Accountancy. The percentage reporting themselves as `unemployed' remains low at 4.6 per cent. For the last four years, this has been running at half the national average. Last year was also marked by the formal opening of a two-storey Centenary extension to its premises at 56 Banbury Road, by Sir John Swire. The top floor provides a substantial addition to its Information Room and the ground floor provides a new Lecture Room for lectures, seminars and training sessions. The building is designed to be accessible to people with disabilities and features wheelchair lifts. Sir Maurice Shock, Rector of Lincoln, retired as Chairman of the Careers Service Committee at the end of the year, having provided much valued support for the Service since 1989. His place is taken by Mr Richard Smethurst, Provost of Worcester College. PLANNING AND FINANCE Financial Planning and Accounts The University's financial policy continues to be constrained by uncertainty about the effects of the transfer of funds from the HEFCE to the Research Councils. The HEFCE grant was reduced by 6.8 million in 1992--93 and by a further 3.8 million in 1993--94; a third and final reduction of 1.5 million is to be made in 1994--95. The funds no longer received from the HEFCE are intended by the Government to be replaced by increasing the range of direct and indirect costs charged to projects funded by Research Councils. Despite the official expectation that universities with a high level of Research Council income would benefit from the new arrangements, it is estimated that as a result of difficulties encountered in operating them, their introduction cost Oxford in the region of 2.5 million in lost income in 1993--94, and that the corresponding loss for 1994--95 and thereafter will be about 3 million pa. Representations have been made to the appropriate government departments that the transfer is not achieving its declared objectives. The research element of Oxford's grant from the HEFCE, on the other hand, rose significantly in 1993--94 as a result of the University's performance in the latest Research Assessment Exercise. After the deduction of the 3.8 million transferred to the Research Councils, there was still an increase of 2.8 million. This would have been 5.6 million had the HEFCE not limited both increases and decreases in this element of the grant as a transitional measure. The University's budget for 1993--94 was deliberately prepared on the basis that the transfer of funds would be financially neutral. In recognition, however, that this assumption was likely to be optimistic, flexibility was retained for future years by allocating significant sums for that year only. The budget showed a surplus for the year of 0.8 million. In the event, it proved necessary to make provision of 2.4 million for deficits incurred by departments unable to achieve the targets set for recovering additional direct costs from Research Councils. The overall deficit for the year was 2.2 million, and the accumulated deficit carried forward at 31 July 1994 was 6 million. The accumulated deficit is more than covered by other reserves to which recourse could be had if necessary, but it should be stressed that only a small proportion, some 8.5 per cent of the total funds of 292 million appearing in the University's balance-sheet, is available for general purposes. The remainder comprises capital used to fund functional buildings, specific endowments, and other restricted funds. A summary of the University's accounts for 1993--94 is given below. Were it not for the effects of the transfer of funds to the Research Councils, the short-term financial outlook would be buoyant. In the longer term, the outlook remains uncertain. It is hoped that the cap on the research element of the HEFCE grant will be lifted, but it has to be recognized that under HEFCE resource distribution arrangements, it is probable that a university such as Oxford which is already achieving maximum ratings in the research assessment exercises will find its share of HEFCE research funding eroded as other universities, currently with lower scores, improve their ratings. At the same time the teaching element of the grant is expected to be further reduced in the search for efficiency gains. Against a background of possibly falling income, the University will need to weigh up carefully the competing claims of departments unable to achieve their Research Council cost-recovery targets, of the long-term building maintenance programme, and of new academic developments, as well as considering the priority to be given to restoring the University's reserves. SUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS FOR YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 1994 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT INCOME 000 Grants from HEFCE 69,966 Academic fees and support grants 38,083 Endowments and donations 22,226 Miscellaneous income 15,757 Research grants and contracts 84,720 Other services rendered 9,164 ---------- 239,916 Deficit for year 2,217 ---------- TOTAL 242,133 EXPENDITURE Academic departments 71,609 Academic services 21,185 Premises running costs 25,412 Administration and Central Services 11,413 Equipment and furniture 11,933 Miscellaneous expenditure 9,661 Research grants and contracts 74,931 Other services rendered 8,272 -------- 234,416 Transfers to specific reserves 7,717 -------- TOTAL 242,133 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 JULY 1994 000 Capital provided for buildings 69,186 Specific endowments & other restricted funds 165,870 General endowments 30,837 Reserves 32,248 Income and Expenditure account (6,001) -------- TOTAL UNIVERSITY FUNDS 292,140 Land and buildings 67,415 Long-term investments 247,089 Net current assets 18,898 Long-term liabilities and provisions (18,080) ---------- 315,322 Amounts held for outside bodies (23,182) ---------- TOTAL NET ASSETS 292,140 Total University income 1993/4 (239,916K): Research grants and contracts, 35.3 per cent Grants from HEFCE, 29.2 per cent Academic fees and support grants, 15.9 per cent Endowments and donations, 9.2 per cent Miscellaneous income, 6.6 per cent Other services rendered, 3.8 per cent Total University expenditure 1993/4, excluding transfers ( 27,500 towards the purchase of works of Indian art for the Department of Eastern Art. From Sir Edgar Williams, the proceeds of the University Parks Tree Fund, established to honour his notable service as Warden of Rhodes House, to be used to establish a permanent fund for the planting and cataloguing of trees and shrubs in the University Parks. From the editor of a festschrift for Professor C A R Hoare, a donation of 2,500 to establish an annual prize for the best performance in the Final Honour School of Computation. From Lady Blomefield, through the Trustee of the Campaign for Oxford Trust Fund, the sum of 2,000, to establish the Claude Massart Prize in French Literature. From the Goldsmith Foundation, 120,000 in equal instalments over three years to support the Green Centre at Green College. From the Waverley Trust, 150,000 for five years from a date to be arranged to support the appointment in the Nuffield Department of Surgery of the Ivo Fuchs Research Fellow in Colorectal Cancer. From the E P Abraham Research Fund 853,301 to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology for the support of research 26,720 to the University of Oxford to reinstate the lectureship formerly held by Dr Baralle (last tranche of 5) 26,490 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of a Senior Research Fellowship 21,066 to the Department of Biochemistry for equipment for a new Lecturer 11,369 to the University Department of Paediatrics at the John Radcliffe Hospital for equipment for research 10,000 to the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory for equipment for a new lecturer 7,500 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of a research worker 7,381 to the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the John Radcliffe Hospital for the support of a research technician 6,145 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of a visiting student 13,087 for grants for travel and research From the EPA Cephalosporin Fund 32,000 to the University Museum for building work to rehouse the Wytham Biological Collections and the Environmental Archaeological Unit 20,000 to the Oxford Diabetes Centre at the Radcliffe Infirmary for research, education and equipment for research 19,598 to the Department of Human Anatomy for equipment for research 14,500 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of a research scientist for six months 7,000 to the University Museum for conservation work on their archives 6,778 to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology for the support of a postdoctoral research assistant for six months 2,450 for research and travel From the Guy Newton Research Fund 92,700 to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology for the support of research From the E P Abraham Research Fund 10,185 to Worcester College for the support of a DPhil student 8,821 to Oriel College for the support of a DPhil student 7,698 to Christ Church for the support of a DPhil student From the E P A Cephalosporin Fund 200,000 to Linacre College towards the cost of a new building (2nd tranche of 2) 40,000 to Keble College towards the cost of a new building 10,000 to Green College for travel Campaign Benefactions Listed below are the major new benefactions made to the University of Oxford in response to Campaign for Oxford during the period 1 August 1993 to the end of the Campaign on 30 September 1994. The University received gifts from over 18,000 donors in the course of the Campaign. A detailed list is given in Campaign News. The University is deeply grateful to all its benefactors. DONORS GIVING 1,000,000 and Above Sir Philip, Lady Harris, and their family, for Manchester College The Headley Trust, for the Ashmolean Museum Forecourt Development Project St Catherine's College, with the approval of the Board of Directors of the Kobe Institute and of the Japan Foundation, for the establishment of the Oxford Kobe Scholarships, to enable nationals of Japan to study for a graduate degree of the University DONORS GIVING 500,000 -- 999,999 Gross An anonymous donor to support research in African Studies in the Humanities and establish the ORISHA Studentships (Oxford Research in the Scholarship and Humanities of Africa) for graduate students working in the African Humanities An anonymous donor, for the Bodleian Library Mr Louis Cha, for Magdalen College The late Mrs J Ledig-Rowholt, for the Scatcherd Scholarship Fund The Leopold Muller Estate, for Oriel College and for the Directorship, Refugee Studies Programme Dr and Mrs Dietrich von Bothmer, for the Ashmolean Museum DONORS GIVING 100,000 -- 499,999 Gross Mrs M D Blaschko, for the Blaschko Visiting Research Scholarships, in memory of Dr H K F Blaschko The Edna McDonnell Clark Foundation, for Tropical Medicine Research The Clore Foundation, for the Ashmolean Museum Education Officer The Ford Foundation, for the Refugee Studies Programme Mr Pierre Keller, for the Europaeum The Joyce Mertz-Gilmore Foundation, for the Refugee Studies Programme Nuclear Electric plc, for Environmental Research Mr Herbert L Pease and family, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge The Estate of the late Mrs D G Placito, for the Lee-Placito Medical Fund, the Anthony Placito Medical Fund and Wadham College The Rhodes Trustees, for the Lester B Pearson Chair in International Relations The Southern Trust, for the Fund for Students with Disabilities, and for the OPTIMA project Sun Micro Systems, for the Computing Laboratory The Dowager Marchioness of Winchester, for International Relations DONORS GIVING 50,000 -- 99,999 Gross An anonymous donor, for the Libraries Board British Airways plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships British Telecom plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Cable and Wireless plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships The Estate of the Late Professor Samuel Rhodes Dunlap, for the Bodleian Library and St Edmund Hall Mrs Herbert Gilman, for the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology Guinness plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships The Revd Carolyn T Irish, for Linacre College The Korea Foundation, for Korean Studies Mitsukoshi Ltd, for Merton College and Balliol College The Hon John L Moore Jr, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Reuters Holdings, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Rolls Royce plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships The Telegraph plc, and Hollinger Inc, on the initiative of Mr Conrad Black, for the Lester B Pearson Chair of International Relations Sir John Templeton, for Templeton College Mr Damon Wells Jr, for Pembroke College DONORS GIVING 5,000 -- 49,999 Gross Professor Engi Fernando Abecassis, for the Chair in Portuguese Studies The Annenberg Fund, Inc, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mrs Brooke Astor, for American Studies The Astor Foundation, for the Institute for American Studies The BBC, for the Maurice Latey Award Fund Balliol College, for Nursery Facilities The Baring Foundation, for the Institute for American Studies The Batchworth Trust, for the Bodleian Library Ms K Bellinger, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Dr Frederick Benenson, for the University Parks Dr John R Bockstoce, for the Oxford University Boat Club Mr and Mrs A Warne Boyce, for St Edmund Hall Dr Lee C Bradley III, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge and New College British Gas plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Mrs M F Brouwer-Rueb, for the Bodleian Library Oriental Collections Dr Thomas A Brown, for Balliol College Dr Don D Cadle, for Balliol College The Capital Group, for the Europaeum Mr Peter A Carfagna, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Citibank, for Overseas Scholarships, and for Hertford College Clifford Chance, for Student Bursaries The Albert J Colton Foundation, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Commercial Union Assurance plc, for the Visiting Professor, Oxford-- Paris Link The Confederation of British Industry, for the Japan New Century Scholarships The Ernest Cook Trust, for support for scholars on the M.Sc. course in Forestry and its relation to Land Use The Daiwa Anglo Japanese Foundation, for the Refugee Studies Programme Mr J J Dillon, for New College Elsevier Science Ltd, for the Europaeum Professor Murray B Emeneau, for Balliol College EsmAe Fairbairn Trust Fund, for the Bodleian Library Exhibition Room Mr James O Fairfax AO, for the Bodleian Library, Chinese Collection The Lord Faringdon Charitable Trust, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Mr Charles W Filson, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge and Merton College Mr Eric O Fornell, for the Foundation Fund and for Magdalen College Forte plc, for the Bodleian Library Forte Charitable Trust, for Music and Opera Studies Mr Keith Fox, for Exeter College The Louis and Sidney Frank Foundation, for the Bodleian Library, American Law Collection Mr William A Franta, for Jesus College Mr J E Garrod, for the Student Support Fund The Gilder Foundation, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Glaxo Holdings plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Mr Phillip Gordon, for Socio-legal Studies and Balliol College Mr Peter B Grose, for Pembroke College Mr Vinod Gupta, for Mansfield College Mr J R C Guy, for the Oxford Foundation Fund and Balliol College Hanover Acceptances Ltd, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Professor Jerry A Hausman, for the Foundation Fund Harper Collins, for the Bodleian Library The Havenhope Trust, for the Bodleian Library, Conservation, and for the Ashmolean Humanities Centre The Inchcape Foundation, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Mr L V Ingrams OBE, for the Bodleian Library The Right Hon Lord Joicey, for Portuguese Studies Mr Jonathan H Kagan, for the Ashmolean Museum Numismatics and Corpus Christi College Dr Martin D Kamen, for Green College Mr Brad Kapnick, for the Foundation Fund, Socio-Legal Studies and Wadham College Mr John Keegan, for Balliol College Mr J B Kenrick, for the Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum Mr S Kerzner, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Mr Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski, for Exeter College Mr Eddie Kulukundis OBE, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Laings Charitable Trust, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Mrs Barbara Latey, for the Maurice Latey Award Fund HSH The Prince of Liechtenstein, for the Europaeum Litton Industries, for the Foundation Fund Mr N R Lovett, for the Bodleian Library Sir Bruce MacPhail, for Balliol College and for Templeton College Sir William McAlpine Bt, for the Ashmolean Endowment Fund Mr Michael G McCaffery, for the Swimming Pool and the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mr and Mrs H Harrison McCain, for the Lester B Pearson Chair of International Relations Dr Anna M McCann, for the Institute of Archaeology Professor J A Mirrlees FBA, for the Botanic Gardens The Rt Hon Lord Molson PC, for the Foundation Fund Mr Robert P Moncreiff, for Balliol College and the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge The Peter Moores Foundation, for the Bodleian Library Catalogue Dr Robert S Munford III, for Balliol College Mr George B Munroe, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mr M T Myers, for the Ashmolean Endowment Fund National Westminster Bank plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Mr Randolph M Nelson, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Ocean Group plc (P H Holt Trust), for the Ashmolean Humanities Centre The Hon Sir Angus Ogilvy, for the Europaeum Mrs D Oldridge, for the OPTIMA project Oxford Cryosystems Ltd, for the Department of Physics Oxford Instruments plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships Mr Michael Palin, and the Oxford Playhouse Trust, proceeds of a performance, for the Pitt Rivers Museum Mr John Misha Petkevich, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mr Peter Placito, for laboratory refurbishment, Department of Plant Sciences Mr John R Price, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge, with a matching contribution from Chemical Bank Mr Kent Price, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mr A R G Raeburn CBE, for Balliol College and Templeton College The Rayne Foundation, for the Refugee Studies Programme, the Institute for American Studies, the support of students from overseas and for laboratory refurbishment, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mr Eric Redman, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge and Magdalen College The Reed Foundation Inc, for Merton College Mr David K Richards, for Wadham College Riche Monde (Bangkok) Ltd, for the Environmental Change Unit The Helen Roll Charity, for the Bodleian Library and for the Ashmolean Museum, Hierakanopolis Project Mr Lief D Rosenblatt, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge The Rust International Corporation, for Corpus Christi College Mr D H Ruttenberg, for the Europaeum Mr H M Salaam, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund The Scientific Instrument Research Fund, for the Museum of the History of Science The proceeds of the gala premiAre of the film Shadowlands, for the Oxford Recording Centre for the Blind, Bodleian Library Mr and Mrs James Sherwood, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Mr Jeremy W Sillem, for Brasenose College and the Foundation Fund Ms Suzelle Smith, for St Catherine's College Mr Karl H Spaeth, for Socio-Legal Studies and the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mr Edson W Spencer, for Balliol College Mr Dennis C Stanfill, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge, with a matching contribution from the Weingart Foundation Mrs C F Styles, for the Forestry Institute SunLife Trust, for facilities for the Toronto Office Super Channel, for the Europaeum Mr Norton F Tennille Jr, for Balliol College Dr Jonathan Y Thomas, for the Foundation Fund and Balliol College Miss P A Thorpe, for the Bodleian Library Miss P M A R Tolkien, for the Bodleian Library Miss Melissa Ulfane, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Mr Max Ulfane, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Mr David M Veit, for the Fletcher Fund Dr F M von Clemm, for Corpus Christi College Professor Martin C Wagner, for the Foundation Fund, the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge, and Magdalen College Mr and Mrs Patrick Walker, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund S G Warburg Group plc, for the Japan New Century Scholarships R Howard Webster Foundation, for the Lester B Pearson Chair of International Relations The Rt Hon Lord Weidenfeld, for the Weidenfeld Visiting Professor of Comparative European Literature The Weingart Foundation, for the Institute for American Studies -- Rhodes Trust Challenge Mr Rivington Winant, for Balliol College Mr Neil J Wolff, for Templeton College and Lincoln College The Wolfson Family Charitable Trust, for the refurbishment of the Bodleian Exhibition Room Mr Christopher B Wright, for Corpus Christi College and Student Welfare Mr P L Wroughton, for the Ashmolean Museum Endowment Fund Mr William Zeltonga, for the Foundation Fund and for St Edmund Hall IV EXTERNALLY FUNDED RESEARCH GRANTS Grants totalling the amounts set out below were received during the year for specific research projects. Many of these are instalments of larger grants. FROM Research Councils and Other Government Agencies Agricultural & Food Research Council 1,312,512 Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council 3,511,662 Economic & Social Research Council 1,027,209 Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council 8,100,275 Medical Research Council 13,574,236 Natural Environment Research Council 2,153,469 Particle Physics & Astronomy Research Council 3,525,547 Science & Engineering Research Council 1,437,439 British Council 22,560 Central Council for Education & Training in Social Work 53,360 Defence Research Agency 742,970 Department of Employment 37,165 Department of Health 2,677,099 Department of the Environment 59,797 Department of Trade and Industry 1,176,034 Department of Transport 71,125 English Heritage 82,756 European Commission 3,652,964 Forestry Commission 11,021 Health & Safety Executive 54,765 Health Education Council 29,310 Home Office 109,228 Meteorological Office 41,248 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 200,854 National Physical Laboratory 90,153 National Radiological Protection Board 40,048 National Institute for Standard Technology 17,064 Overseas Development Administration 2,143,529 Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute 162,065 Royal Aircraft Establishment 36,462 Transport & Road Research Laboratory 13,705 Other Agencies 83,342 TOTAL 46,250,973 FROM Charities, Industrial Firms and other Institutions Action Research 364,173 AEA Technology 53,791 AGA Khan University 20,306 AH Robbins 12,328 Air Products 11,873 Allergan Pharmaceuticals 11,156 Amerada Hess 22,798 Amersham International 99,247 Amoco 54,887 Amylin (USA) 39,469 Anergen (USA) 79,555 Anglia/Oxfordshire Regional Health Authority 638,200 Ares-Serono Group 13,707 Arthritis and Rheumatism Council 736,513 Association for International Cancer Research 15,795 Astra Hessle 38,571 Astra Pharmaceuticals 23,253 Bayer UK 160,426 Beckman Instruments (USA) 75,733 Beit Memorial Fund 119,629 Biogen 56,461 Biomet 41,283 Birthright 81,537 Boehringer Mannheim 223,727 Brain Research Trust 14,563 Bristol-Myers Squibb USA 1,733,666 Britannia Pharmaceuticals 34,422 British Academy 198,979 British Bio-Technology 315,710 British Diabetic Association 214,819 British Gas 112,383 British Heart Foundation 1,282,548 British Library 83,785 British Lung Foundation 46,661 British Nuclear Fuels 12,441 BP 62,134 British Retinitis Pigmentosa Society 28,048 British Telecom 122,673 Building Research Institute 33,052 Cancer Research Campaign 1,354,366 Cancer Research Institute 22,892 Cantab Pharmaceuticals Research 18,086 Centre for Computing in Economics 19,506 Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust 127,552 Dako 11,174 Dow Elanco 12,234 EA Technology 58,622 East Anglian Regional Health Authority 11,105 Elf 10,553 Eli Lilly 130,661 Esmee Fairbairn Charitable Trust 21,786 Fisons 12,509 Football Trust 21,934 Ford Foundation 32,518 Foxboro 75,741 Frost Charitable Trust 15,101 Gas Research Institute 63,751 Gatsby Charitable Foundation 46,016 Glaxo Research and Development 367,392 Guggenheim Foundation 25,943 Hitachi 15,533 Hoffman-La Roche 163,186 Horserace Betting Levy Board 15,083 Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) 86,760 Howmedica International 45,552 Human Frontier Science Program Organization Strasbourg 122,937 IBM 48,682 Imperial Cancer Research Fund 239,405 ICI 54,464 Institute of Oceanographic Sciences 101,718 International Tropical Timber Organization 103,806 Jaguar Cars 50,951 James McDonnell Foundation 315,712 Jet Joint Undertaking 27,252 HRH The Prince of Jordan 37,734 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 27,761 Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust 72,605 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International (USA) 98,036 Kleinwort Benson Trustees 15,534 Kratos Analytical 10,757 Leukaemia Research Fund 436,489 Leverhulme Trust 584,571 Linbury Trust 45,938 Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine 42,206 Logitech 98,461 Macarthur Foundation USA 83,127 Mallinckrodt Medical (USA) 11,853 Marcher Enterprises 15,823 Edna McConnell Clarke Foundation 46,564 Meningitis Trust 12,061 Mental Health Foundation 29,098 Merck & Co 50,578 Merieux UK 27,613 Monsanto 510,056 Multiple Sclerosis Society 184,514 Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA) 64,561 Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 384,664 National Association for Colitis & Crohns Disease 26,268 National Eczema Society 22,137 National Foundation for Cancer Research (USA) 16,543 National Institutes of Health (USA) 342,022 National Kidney Research Fund 96,912 New Energy & Industrial Technology Development Organization 79,968 Norgine 11,493 Novo Research Institute 31,638 Nuclear Electric 16,421 Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust 29,044 Nuffield Foundation 95,344 Oravax (USA) 110,951 Oxford Instruments 20,130 Oxfordshire County Council 16,885 Oxfordshire Health Authority 540,150 Oxfordshire Health Authority Trust Fund 156,911 Parke-Davis 10,686 Parkinson's Disease Society 27,898 Paul Instrument Fund 38,396 People's Trust for Endangered Species 44,710 Pfizer 44,559 Pharmacia AB (Sweeden) 48,501 Pipe Jacking Association 55,812 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 18,536 PPP Medical Trust 22,718 Rees Jeffreys Road Fund 28,591 Renaissance Trust 51,200 Research Into Ageing 33,814 Rijkswaterstaat 17,700 Rockefeller Foundation 105,277 Rodin Remediation 10,998 Rolls-Royce 997,998 Royal Academy of Engineering 25,965 Royal Free Hospital Trust Fund 12,581 Royal Society 1,982,838 J Sainsbury 26,762 Sanofi Elf Biorecherche 15,156 Schering Health Care 23,377 Servier 334,354 Shell Exploration & Production 14,386 Shell Research 44,027 SmithKline Beecham 572,373 Southern Trust 79,175 SRI International (USA) 65,873 Sterling Winthrop 12,209 Tobacco Products Research Trust 48,834 Tuberous Sclerosis Association of Great Britain 21,886 UDAK 14,213 Unilever Research Laboratory (Netherlands) 48,348 United Distillers 10,405 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority 21,967 United Nations 238,849 United States Air Force 22,668 United States Army 10,400 United States Department of Health Education & Welfare 34,864 United States Office of Naval Research 33,386 Urenco 52,705 Wellcome Foundation 28,872 Wellcome Trust 14,226,102 Whitley Animal Protection Trust 28,109 Wolfson Foundation 57,239 World Health Organization 138,664 Zeneca 294,316 Other Bodies* 1,455,676 TOTAL 37,198,179 *Includes amount under 10,000.