VICE-CHANCELLOR'S ORATION AND UNIVERSITY'S ANNUAL REPORT 1993 Oration by the Vice-Chancellor 5 October 1993 It is, I hope, permissible in a valedictory oration to look back at the pattern of the last four years against the forty years I have spent, since graduation, in the university system. In the decade after World War Two the universities were seen as an important component of the new and better world that was being built. They were appropriate recipients of public money which had for so long been devoted to winning the war and recovering from its immediate aftermath. This attitude was reflected in the description `public money' which contrasts with that currently favoured by many politicians, `tax-payers' money'. I feel that this latter phrase is often used to suggest that the recipients have someone else's money to which they are not entitled and may well squander. Forty years ago increases in university provision were headline news and a credit to the government of the day. Now universities have lost that public esteem and world-wide are subject to harsh criticism and almost contempt. This change of attitude has been followed by a steep decline in public funding as a proportion of university income, and a concomitant but paradoxical acceleration in the rate of State intervention. Traditional `buffers' between governments and institutions, such as the UGC and the research councils, have disappeared or have been so transformed as to become the very channels by which the government's interventions are effected. I believe that there are three causes for this trend. The first, chronologically speaking, which may have made the others possible, was the loss of public sympathy for universities following the student demonstrations. I myself saw these beginning late in 1964 at the University of California at Berkeley and they culminated in the world-wide `events' of 1968-- 70. It became not only acceptable but almost necessary for a politician to claim that the universities were sick and urgently needed reform. One response was to bring new groups, other than university teachers, into the governance of universities. This was particularly favoured in certain West European countries such as the Netherlands. In the last decade other political voices have developed a second cause for change by urging that the universities should contribute more directly to the economic health of the nation; this has been termed the `economic ideology of education'. With this has come an ever increasing pressure for quick results and frequent changes in policy if the system did not seem to be responding as required; these have led to the damage consequent upon short-termism. The third cause is the drive for `public accountability'; formally this has the admirable aim of ensuring that those entrusted with public funds account to Parliament for their use. In practice more and more detail is being demanded and this inevitably leads to more centralised control, increased bureaucracy and additional costs to the point where we are surely justified in asking, `when do such operations become subject to the law of diminishing returns?'. When will the degree of dirigisme become not merely napoleonic, but soviet in its intensity? Our relations with government have regularly been the stuff of Vice-Chancellors' Orations. In recent years reference has often been made to impending or recent national legislation affecting universities. After two major Bills in the last seven years, we might have hoped for a respite, but in the last year certain introductory clauses in a Bill primarily concerned with education at the school level were so drafted as also to give the Secretary of State for Education wide and detailed powers over universities. After concerted cross-party representations in the House of Lords, in which our Chancellor played an invaluable role, the Government moved an acceptable amendment. We are currently awaiting governmental decisions on the future role and financial support of student unions. In a democratic society it should not be a matter of grave concern that extremely small sums of public money may be used for "campaigning". Indeed in the newly emergent democracies of central and eastern Europe campaigning "non governmental organisations" are recipients of official British aid. We must not be too diffident, we must defend a degree of autonomy and a liberty which is in little danger of becoming licence. If we stand firm we will find many allies: the former Minister of Higher Education, Robert Jackson, has recently spoken out in defence of student unions and indicated that he would not support the proposed legislation in the division lobbies. Indeed freedom to manage our own affairs is essential to the maintenance of the freedoms of thought and speech, the hallmarks of true universities and these, I believe,are the justification for wearing our robes, which should be seen not as a sign of achievement but of responsibility. We must vigorously resist all attempts to impose conformity or correctness upon us, whatever their label and whoever their proponents. How should we properly address these ever-increasing demands for accountability and assessment, accompanied as they are by ever-diminishing funds? As far as the economic arguments are concerned, this University has always recognised, from the time of its Bidding Prayer, its role in the propagation of useful learning. Our science (including Social Science), engineering and medical departments have achieved, with the help of our Research Support Office, an extremely high level of funding from industry, charities, and research councils: at 73 million this year the largest for any UK university. We have taken bold steps into the marketplace, setting up our own company to develop and exploit our intellectual property---Isis Innovation---and can legitimately point to a number of high-technology spin-off companies derived from research work in this University. As for the assessment of more strictly academic qualities, Oxford's academics continue to gain international recognition, prizes and elections to foreign academies, and national recognition such as the many who have been elected to the Royal Society, the British Academy, or the Royal Academy of Engineering. At the British Academy, one of our Pro-Vice- Chancellors, Sir Keith Thomas, has succeeded another, Sir Anthony Kenny, as President. Surely these achievements, from spin-off companies to academy recognition, are the true evaluation of our research; and, of course, we have the Funding Council's own assessments thrown in for good measure! This is in my view the proper approach to the market place---not that implicit in the description of students, members of our academic community, as customers. But while the quality of our research cannot be gainsaid, demands are now being made for universities to account in detail for the expenditure of the research element of their block grant received from the funding councils. The Chief Executive of HEFCE assures us that the block grant principle remains, but if the present proposals were implemented they would be a further step in what I likened, in my last Oration, to a game of chess. As the game progresses, we watch the defence that permit universities to manage their own affairs---the quinquennium, the `buffer' of the UGC, the independence of the research councils, the freedom from regimented assessment criteria, and, now, the block grant--- being slowly and successively lost so that at the end of the game, the government, of whatever political persuasion, would find that it has in its hands the ability to exercise precise control over the operations of universities. The most recent decision, to hive-off from HEFCE to a separate agency a large part of the funds for the support of educational studies, represents another major step in the dismemberment of the block grant. Members of the University and others have suggested that the way to protect ourselves from these trends is to become a private university. I agree with Professor Fergus Millar who has called this a `counsel of despair' , universities are an essential part of a civilised state, a national responsibility. Furthermore in practical terms privatisation is not a solution, the endowment required (some 1.5 billion) simply to provide an annual income to replace the block grant is quite beyond our reach. The University would continue to depend on the State for a substantial research income and the major part of student fees. As various Ivy League universities in the United States have recently found to their cost, semi-private institutions are in no way immune from the detailed requirements of accountability. This applies here, for our colleges and permanent private halls are, as the latter's title implies, `private' and dependent on the State only for the fees of those students entitled to support from British public funds. Even so, they are firmly in the grip of government policies, both in relation to the adoption of model statutes and the setting of the college fee level. It would be neither helpful nor appropriate for me to discuss in detail the current position on college fees although it is less dire than we had feared. A problem exists because of the Department of Education's decision to apply a formula which was devised for determining the teaching costs of institutions that were, by and large, expanding their student numbers. I am, however, glad to have this opportunity to endorse in public remarks which many of us have made in private to parliamentarians, namely that these formulae (based on the assumption of growth in numbers) cannot continue to be applied as they are without jeopardising the college system as we know it and value it. The standing and success of this collegiate university depends both on the colleges and the University itself. They are inter-dependent and must be strong enough to be mutually supportive. We must also of course be collectively supportive, a lack of altruism by any component of the system threatens the whole. Alterations in the funding system continue to cause difficulties also for the funding of research. The problems arising from the transfer of substantial research funds from HEFCE to the research councils, the `DR shift', to which I referred in my last Oration, are still with us, and, in quantitative terms, are more severe. As the funding councils subtracted the money to be transferred to research councils from the grants of individual universities exactly in proportion to their research council income, universities were bound to lose unless they were able to maintain all grants at their existing levels and to recover the full `overheads' on all of them. Timing difficulties and technical problems made this impossible and as a result of this, in my view fundamentally flawed, modification of funding procedures, Oxford has lost substantial sums; the Chief Executive of HEFCE has publicly stated the figure to be 4 million. I am glad to be able to report that, as a result of representations made directly to the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, several of the technical obstacles to obtaining full costs have been eliminated. But the position remains grave, notwithstanding the assurances of the research councils, departments are not getting back in research grants the money that has been deducted from the University's grant from HEFCE and which, since it does not have it, the General Board cannot pass on to departments. Oxford is particularly disadvantaged for, as I have said, the DR money was removed exactly in proportion to the level of research council grants; having a greater volume of research money than any other British university (excluding London as a whole) we will have had the largest reduction in our grant, over 12 million. However when it came to the additions to the QR part of the HEFCE grant, following excellent quality gradings in the research assessment exercise, these were capped so that last year alone we received 2.8 million less than we were entitled to on the strict application of the formula as applied to other universities. Thus we have suffered what it is fashionable to call a `double whammy'. No other university has `lost' so much in total and thus we are placed in a further danger, that of being unable to respond as positively as we would wish to joint funding proposals from charities and others. We had been led to hope that HEFCE had recognised the inequity of the position where we suffer withdrawal of funds proportional to our research excellence under the DR shift, but our reward under the QR component of their grant is capped. Surely both should be treated in the same way. However our hopes have been dashed for at the beginning of last month HEFCE announced that the cap on research funds for the `old' universities was the one deviation from their standard formula that they would keep in place. I am most grateful to many of my colleagues for their strong support in making forceful representations in Whitehall and at the research councils. Whilst seeking to retrieve as much of the lost DR money as possible through the new grant system we must continue to strive for some alleviation. The position is critical and I trust that those who promoted and pushed through this system, but continue to turn a deaf ear to our entreaties, appreciate the heavy responsibility that they bear. What is at stake is the vital infrastructure of what, on all criteria are, some of the leading research laboratories in the world. The quality of the research in this university is something we must sustain. Given persons with high research potential, there are, I believe, three essential factors to which we should curently give particular attention: appropriate facilities, adequate training of postgraduates and the protection of academic research time. Firstly facilities; two years ago I expressed the view that libraries and museums are to the scholar in arts and social sciences as laboratories are to the scientist, and that we needed to further develop the concept of faculty centres first proposed in the Franks Report. A `three-site-strategy' to achieve this was endorsed in principle in the Congregation debate of November 1991, and the feasibility report of the resulting working party was approved by Council and the General Board last July. Outline plans have been developed for the site around the Ashmolean, and a start is being made on those for the St Cross area currently occupied by the Territorial Army. We have some funds towards the implementation of these initial objectives and must strive to raise more in the near future. There is, of course, little opportunity for building on the most central site around the Bodleian; the working party has identified some opportunities for the redeployment of space, but this is woefully inadequate for the needs of two of our major faculties, Modern History and English. In the coming years some hard decisions will have to be made to ensure that space in this area is allocated only to those functions that are critically dependent on the use of books and manuscripts in the Library and not to others, which for historical reasons, grew there. Just as the Clarendon Press moved from its original building to Walton Street, so will some other activities need to move in the future. The most dramatic progress is being made by an outlying satellite of the `three-site-strategy': the conversion of the Clarendon Press Institute to house two new bodies, the Institute for Chinese Studies and the Centre for Linguistics and Philology. The latter is a clear example of a field of study where Oxford's full strength is currently masked by the geographical scattering of its resources. Another such field is `American Studies'; plans are well advanced and significant benefactors have already come forward, to develop an Institute of American Studies to be situated in the area between Rhodes House and Mansfield College, partly on college land. The completion of all these projects will bring about a much needed strengthening of the facilities for research in the arts and social sciences. The training of research students is the second aspect we must consider. Both the British Academy and the ESRC stress the need for one-year research training degrees, and there is general recognition that changes in the schools, international standards, and expectations of the Doctor of Philosophy degree require a period of around seven years from school to doctorate. In some subjects, particularly the sciences, we have achieved this by spending four years on the first degree and three on research. However, government policy is strongly against lengthening the first degree course, and the funding councils have been instructed to discourage universities from introducing further four-year first degree courses. A pattern which this University has supported from the time of its response to the Higginson Report has been 3+1+3. The one-year research training degree not only serves that purpose, but provides a further opportunity to assess potential and aptitude for research. Some faculties in the arts and social sciences are developing such degrees, and I hope that the opportunity will be taken to explore the many possibilities for inter-faculty co-operation and innovation. There is scope for a sharing of teaching in certain core areas, such as computing or numerical methods, across faculties, thereby reducing the total time spent in formal teaching. Adequate research time is vital for a vigorous research programme: this is the third factor to which I think we must give attention. The worsening of the student/staff ratio threatens to make this an increasingly scarce commodity. For most members of Congregation it is the teaching of undergraduates that is the other prime call on their time, this has its college component of tutorial teaching and university component of lectures and classes. I believe that there are still opportunities to rationalise and streamline further the giving of lectures in some honour schools: firstly to provide a coherent programme compatible with the tutorial provision in colleges, and secondly to ensure that time is not occupied with the preparation and delivery of unnecessary `statutory lectures'. On the science side, there is (to some extent de jure and to a larger extent de facto) considerable `team' flexibility in the mix of duties between individuals, and all faculties should now avail themselves of these benefits under the General Board's trade-off arrangements for University duties. The proposals have been developed over the last two years precisely so that time so freed may be allocated to other duties, such as the supervision of research students or faculty or departmental duties which have tended to crowd out personal research time. For non- departmentally organised faculties this will pose an organisational burden, the General Board has recognised this by seeking bids for support of such activities. The General Board proposals for `trade-offs' between college and university duties were also strongly endorsed by Council. Some resources are available to support this reorganisation and its implementation awaits individual decisions by faculty boards and colleges. These decisions will reflect attitudes to the role of the tutorial. No part of our academic structure is more distinctive and more to be defended than the tutorial system, which lies at the very heart of an `Oxford education'. Yet we should not regard it as so sacred that we cannot question its details, and many colleges and individual tutors are doing just that. The optimum number and style of tutorials is a key consideration also in the current consultation paper on promotions policy issued by Council and the General Board. We hope that this issue, the form of the academic career in Oxford, will be debated in Congregation on Tuesday of 4th Week. It is one of extreme complexity, but two desirable aims can be identified immediately. Firstly, that collectively the teaching staff available within the University should provide the optimum quantity and balance of lectures, tutorials, graduate supervision and classes required. Secondly, that the form and opportunities of a career in the University are such as to enable us to recruit, retain, and motivate the best available staff. I suggest that these objectives are unexceptionable: it is, however, the case that we have never before sought to define our structures in terms of such commonly agreed specifications. How many tutorials are needed? What structure would serve best to recruit, retain, and motivate? There will be nearly as many answers as members of Congregation---quot homines tot sententiae! In introducing such issues, one has to start from general assumptions. The pattern of tutorials is very variable, but let us assume one of two scenarios with a whole range of intermediates that will not affect the numerical outcome: either that every undergraduate has one tutorial per week and that in two weeks out of three, these tutorials are paired or that every undergraduate has two tutorials per week, 4 in a fortnight, of which one is alone and the other three with two or three other students. These produce a requirement for about 6,000 actual tutorials per week and, as there are just over 1,000 University, CUF or Faculty lecturers, the average load comes to 6 tutorials per week, which happens to be the permitted load of a professor (ad hominem or statutory). This calculation (of 6/week) assumes that holders of statutory posts (professors and readers appointed by electoral boards) do not give any tutorials and makes no allowance for the role of college lecturers, postdoctoral research workers, and others in tutorial work. Nor, on the other hand, does it allow for special supervision of graduate students. I know that at present many tutors, more particularly CUF lecturers, give far more than six tutorials per week, which must mean that either students receive more tutorials---or more single tutorials---than I have assumed (though I have tested these assumptions on a number of active tutors who have not found them unreasonable) or that, notwithstanding all the efforts of the Joint Committee for the Regulation of University and College Appointments, the distribution of teachers does not match the distribution of the load. This simple calculation does however show that none of the promotion options necessarily leads to an absolute shortage of tutorial provision. Turning to the issue of university lectures I am aware that the demand for specialisms is uneven, but even so the greater freedom the faculty boards will now have in the allocation of university duties should facilitate a more rational distribution in that area. What of the duties of individual scholars and the matter of the career structure? Our present system, which links specific duties to types of post (less so in departmentally-organised faculties) was introduced by a statutory provision more than a century ago when the University was suffering grievously from neglect by absentee postholders. Today the situation is quite different. A rational arrangement would follow the adage, `horses for courses'. Some individuals may be brilliant lecturers but poor supervisors of graduates, others great researchers but poor lecturers. It also seems to me to be fundamentally unsound to expect a person's optimal mix of duties to remain constant throughout a forty-year career. I know that it has changed in my own case: my utility as a lecturer on general aspects of my subject has, I believe, increased, while my value as a research supervisor across a range of fields has fallen. I would hope that the portfolio of duties for both university and college could be agreed, for I see no reason why the two components should not take account of each other's needs. For example, there are major academic offices in colleges which must be filled; the health of the colleges and the University is indivisible, and I therefore urge heads of departments and chairmen of boards to take these factors into account in proposing the allocation of faculty and departmental duties. Likewise colleges should consider the University side of the coin. In relation to the recruitment, retention, and motivation of individuals, there is a fundamental dichotomy between the traditional Oxford view which values the equality of `a republic of letters' and those better satisfied with a career structure which gives opportunities for promotion. Surely it can be said that within each college equality prevails: within the governing body all are Fellows with only a shading based on seniority. Many, and I count myself among them, value this. Will the introduction of a promotional system for the university element of a post bring an unwelcome divisiveness in colleges ? Could promotions be organised so that teaching and other contributions could be recognised, as well as research? The answer surely must be "yes", some may question "how far should it be so arranged?" It should certainly be arranged so that it did not add to the chores of those left behind in the promotion stakes? With these dangers what can be said from the individual viewpoint in favour of a system? The possession of a senior academic title certainly assists the recognition of an individual's academic `weight' nationally and internationally, `weight' that may be of advantage to the particular subject or used for the benefit of former students and of the individual concerned. It would also provide some internal equality of opportunity. Otherwise, as we will presumably continue to have only some 150 statutory senior posts, the chances of promotion to a readership or professorship at Oxford will depend on being in the right field and within the right age range at the right time, that is when a statutory post happens to becomes vacant. I have noted that most people offered a readership or professorship accept. This cannot be due to the increase in salary, this is likely to be at most marginal; it must reflect their own perception that this recognition has an inherent value. If so, promotion should be sufficiently likely to maintain the motivation of senior members throughout their careers. The system could for example offer an 80 per cent chance of promotion to a readership at average age 49 and a 40 per cent chance of promotion to a professorship at average age 55. Then, including our existing statutory posts, we would have in round terms 240 professors, 220 readers, and 630 lecturers. In view of the number of our colleagues admitted as Fellows of the British Academy and of the Royal Society, this is not an unreasonable expectation of promotion, but within a College the proportion holding senior posts at any one time would normally remain a minority. There is one further aspect we should take into consideration, particularly in relation to our competitive position for recruitment: every other British university, including Cambridge, has some form of regular promotion. Is being the exception an advantage or not? No doubt these, and many other, arguments will be developed and deployed in the debate in Congregation, but I would urge all members of Congregation to consider the matter carefully and certainly not judge any option on the practice of the last decade. Quite frankly, we have not had a consistent policy: with ad hominem exercises held at irregular intervals and involving very different numbers of promotions, we have had, in my view, the very worst of all options. Hitherto, I have spoken largely about the University's teaching and research role at home. But Oxford has a major international influence and it is one of the pleasures and privileges of the Vice-Chancellorship to foster these links overseas by visits and personal contacts. The Campaign for Oxford should not be seen just as fund-raising, but also as friend- raising and friend-maintaining. The Campaign, whose total currently stands at 280 million, will formally draw to a close at this time next year, but Council has already decided that some development activity must be continued. We will, I hope and believe, be giving particular attention to maintaining our world-wide network of alumni and other `Friends of Oxford'. In this respect, it is particularly helpful when members of Congregation who are travelling abroad and willing to give a lecture, or participate in alumni meetings or social occasions, notify the External Relations Office which will then, if there is time, make the necessary contacts. This scheme, appropriately known as OATS (Oxford Academic Travel Scheme) is essential for the nourishment of our world-wide links and involves the whole University, not simply those holding particular offices. When abroad a Vice-Chancellor also has an opportunity to visit other parts of the university---the branches of the Oxford University Press. Although the scale and achievements of the Press may not be familiar to all members of Congregation, it is an important part of our academic and educational activities world-wide and ultimately falls squarely to the responsibility of the Vice-Chancellor as Chairman of the Delegates. The Press is the largest academic press in the world; last year its turnover was 180 million and it published 3178 new titles. It has a total of 50 branches and offices in 31 different countries; the US branch alone is larger than the academic press of any American university. The activities of the Press are very diverse: in English language teaching it has a particularly important and dominant world-wide role, whilst in electronic publishing, yet to come truly into its own, the Press is in the vanguard. Besides the broad field covered by its academic works and textbooks, the Press is enlarging its collection of works of reference. The Oxford English Dictionary, the third edition of which is in preparation, is of course the flagship, but the range is great. It extends from other English language dictionaries, such as the Australian National Dictionary, compiled by the Australian National University and published by our Australian branch, through bilingual dictionaries for 19 languages to great multi- volume works such as The Birds of the Western Palaearctic. The US branch is developing a broad spectrum of such works : the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, the Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States---many of these have gained prizes as outstanding publications. Here in Oxford a complete revision of the Dictionary of National Biography is being undertaken by a research team led by Professor Colin Matthew, and supported by a grant from the British Academy. This is, incidentally, probably the first (but not, I am sure, the last) `mega' grant for research support in the arts. A decade ago the financial position of the Press was cause for concern, but now it is able to meet its own development needs and provide some appropriate help to the University. All concerned are to be warmly congratulated: Professor Sir Roger Elliot has been much involved, initially as Chairman of the Finance Committee and for the last five years as Chief Executive- --a position from which he retired at the beginning of last month, I wish to record the University's gratitude to him. The Press is really the first technological spin-off from the University; both its own activities and those of other publishers attracted here by its presence do much to contribute to the economic health of the City. Town and gown rivalries have had a long history. Undoubtedly 1355 was not the first bloody incident, nor, sadly, the last. But today any idea that our interests diverge is thoroughly outdated. For not only are most of us citizens of Oxford, and many civic leaders, including the present Lord Mayor, members of the University, but in so many aspects of our activities there is a great gain to be had by working together. In the last few years much has been achieved and I am personally most grateful to successive Lord Mayors, Council Leaders, Committee Chairmen and Chief Officers of the City, as well as to those of the County Council, for their willingness to give full consideration to the University's needs in their deliberations. It has been a great pleasure to work with them. During the past year several who have held major academic posts with distinction have retired; Professor D.H.Perkins from the chair of Elementary Particle Physics, Proessor Sir Phillip Randle from the professorship of Clinical Biochemistry, Professor T.K. Raychaudhuri from his personal chair in Indian History, Professor J.S. Rowlinson from Dr.Lee's chair of Chemistry and Professor L.Weiskrantz from the chair of Psychology; Dr D.M.Brink, Miss B.F.Harvey, Mr M.C.Kaser and Dr.B.R.Wilson from their Readerships and Mr D.R.Harris from the Directorship of the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies. Mr D.W. Bending who has been reponsible for the care of all our buildings and the construction of many of them, retires from his position as Surveyor to the University. Many others have also entered well deserved retirement after serving the University,and often their college with distinction: Mr E.E.Coker, Mr J.Cowan, Mr I.P.Foote, Mr K.Ford, Miss S.Hirst, Mr D.Hogg, Mr A.E.W.Ingham, Mr P.G.Lund, Mr D.K.McMiken, Dr F.H.C.Marriot, Rev R.A.Mason, Mr N.G.Maxwell, Mr Z.A.Pelczynski, Mrs E.G.Taylor, Mr L.L.Tuke, Mr J.H.Warrack, Mr P.J.R.Warren, Mr G.T.Warner and Rev. W.L.R.Watson. I would also like to refer to the retirement from the Directorship of the Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies of Dr D.Patterson who has done so much to strengthen the ties between the University and the Centre to our mutual benefit. In the colleges there have been several changes of headship. Sir Claus Moser, who has served as a Pro-Vice-Chancellor, has retired from Wadham and Mr J Flemming has suceeded to the Wardenship; the Mastership of Pembroke passes from Sir Roger Bannister to Professor Robert Stevens; Dr J.Moffatt has been succeeded as Provost of Queens by Dr G.Marshall; Sir Raymond Hoffenberg leaves Wolfson, to the Presidency of which Sir David Smith will return to Oxford to take up next April; Dr E B Smith, a former Chairman of the General Board and long-time member of Council, leaves the Mastership of St Catherine's to take up the Principalship of University College Cardiff; he will be succeeded next year by Professor Lord Plant; Dr Maurice Sheehan has vacated the Wardenship of Greyfriars and the Revd. Dr T.G. Weinandy has been appointed in his place. We thank all those who are leaving for their many and varied contributions to the University and welcome their successors. During the year Sir Richard Norman (Rector of Exeter), Mrs C.M. Grifin, Mr. P. Hoy, Dr R. Johnson, Dr B. Styles and Mrs. E.M.S.Wolfram have died in office, and Dr A. Keymer at a young age very shortly after retiring through ill health. We salute their memory. Having now reached the last minutes of my Vice- Chancellorship, I have the happiest of tasks, thanking all those who have worked with me and helped me in so many ways. Fortunately for me I have had help from an enormous number of people; were I to mention even half of them by name, the length of this Oration would be doubled! I will therefore with considerable reluctance confine myself to only two, Richard Smethurst and Jeffrey Hackney, the two Chairmen of the General Board with whom I have served. I pointed out in my Oration last year that during my term of office the Vice-Chancellor has been formally designated in response to requests from the funding council the CEO of the University and, later, its Accounting Officer. These designations emphasise the ultimate overall responsibility of the Vice-Chancellor, even in this democratic University with its unique additional position in academic management, the Chairmanship of the General Board. Although we may not be able to answer the old enquiry as to where the power rests in the University, we now know where the responsibility is! Thus it is essential that the Vice-Chancellor and Chairman work in harmony in their interpretation of the University's policy and that the Vice-Chancellor should be welcome and free to participate in meetings of the General Board and its committees. I am deeply indebted to Richard Smethurst and Jeffrey Hackney for making all this so easy and for their energy and wisdom and the good humour with which they have sustained me. Others to whom I am no less grateful will, I hope, understand if they are referred to by office rather than by name. To the Chancellor, I am deeply grateful for much wise guidance and for undertaking so many duties, he and the Pro-Vice-Chancellors have greatly reduced the erosion of time by our numerous ceremonial occasions. I am also indebted to the Pro-Vice-Chancellors for chairing various Boards and Working Parties in my place. The Registrar and all the staff in Wellington Square, Oxenford House and the Malthouse, have given me continuous and unstinted support; whilst my colleagues on Council and on many committees and working parties have done much to lighten the burden of chairmanship. Successive Proctors and Assessors have thrown themselves into the tasks that beset them with vigour, yet they have willingly found time to help me in the discussion of wider issues. It has been a particular pleasure to take part in the common table at all the colleges and permanent private halls, and I am especially grateful to those who have received me so willingly at lunch---permitting informal exchanges of view that have been most helpful. A Vice-Chancellor who is not a Head of House makes exceptional demands for reception and dining-rooms. The Warden and Fellows of my own college, Merton, have been extraordinarily accommodating, as have those of other colleges on many occasions: I am most grateful, and glad to understand that the same degree of tolerance will be shown to me next year as I continue as President of the Campaign. In the last two years I have had much support and ready help from my successor, the Principal of Jesus, Dr Peter North, CBE, QC, FBA. I have benefitted greatly from the clarity with which he analyses issues and the breadth of his understanding of this collegiate University, which he has further strengthened by an unprecedented programme of visits to its many parts. We are indeed fortunate in our 270th Vice-Chancellor and I wish him well in what I know will be a distinguished period of office. A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 3 Contents General Teaching and research Students Buildings Staff Matters Appendices A. Degrees by Diploma and Honorary Degrees B. Appointments to Professorships, Readerships, and Comparable Posts C1. Applications and Acceptances of Students Recently at School C2. Student Numbers D1. General Benefactions D2. Benefactions to the University Made in Response to the Campaign for Oxford E. List of Research Grants 1992-3 General Introduction 1. The year has been marked by further changes in the structure of the funding of higher education in this country, and by further development of the external scrutiny of the internal operations of the universities. Notable in the former category were, first, formal establishment in March 1993 of the Higher Education Funding Council for England, with equivalent bodies for Scotland and Wales, replacing the former Universities Funding Council and embracing within its scope the former Polytechnics, and secondly the transfer by the Department for Education of substantial sums from the Funding Councils to the research councils, a move which has had the effect, in line with current trends, of reducing the proportion of their resources from public funds over which universities have full control. The transfer has also caused a major perturbation, to which reference is made below, in the funding of the University's science departments, causing difficulties which have somewhat overshadowed the results of the 1992 research assessment exercise, which were published shortly before Christmas and which in terms of resultant funding were overall very satisfactory. A further substantial increase in the funding reaching the University through research grants and contracts is evidence of the continuing confidence of the research councils, industry and charitable funding agencies in Oxford's research. The orderly absorption within the University of massive support for developments in biomedical sciences, in particular, has proved a challenge, but also represents a major opportunity and is testimony to the outstanding success of the University in this field. 2. Meanwhile the Quality Audit Division of the Higher Education Quality Council has published the report on its first `quality audit' of the University, which has been issued in the form of a Gazette supplement (... [ref] ...). While there are matters of fact which required correction the report is broadly favourable and raises points of interest which will be the subject of a widespread consultation process within the University. [Section to be drafted for insertion here in the light of Council's initial consideration of the report, at its meeting on 20 September.] 3. Internally the University has continued actively to pursue both plans for further developments and also its customary scrutiny of its own workings and procedures. Discussion of these matters is covered in more detail below. Noteworthy have been, first, discussion of the changing teaching needs of the University, as graduates continue to grow as a proportion of the student population, with the consequent need, which underlies the continuing consideration of the General Board's proposals for `trade-offs', for greater flexibility on the part of the University in the arrangements it makes through staff contracts affecting the deployment of academic staff time; and secondly the precipitation, through discussion of ad hominem promotions, of a major and continuing debate within the University about staffing patterns and the desirability or otherwise of a structure within which `promotion' - from lecturer to reader to professor - is seen as the normal progression of a successful academic career. Within the structure of the collegiate University there have been further developments as the plans of Manchester College, Mansfield College and Templeton College have been carried forward. Within Oxford more widely, relationships with Westminster College (in relation to work in the field of educational studies), and with Oxford Brookes University (in particular in relation to a joint venture in the form of the Oxford Institute of Legal Practice) have continued to develop. Academic developments within the University itself are covered in more detail below; of particular note have been the establishment of two new undergraduate courses, the honour schools in Economics and Management (starting in 1994) and in Computation (starting in 1994). The four-year undergraduate course in Engineering, which is now recognized by the European professional bodies in the field, has been entitled `M.Eng.' to bring it into line with practice elsewhere. 4. The University has been honoured in 1993 by visits from three Heads of State. The Sultan of Brunei and the President of Portugal visited Oxford, as part of the programme of their State Visits, where they received the Degree of Civil Law by Diploma; and the Degree of DCL by Diploma was also bestowed on the President of Ireland. Individual members of the University received many honours in the course of the year, including the election of 2 Fellows of the Royal Society, 8 Fellows of the British Academy and many international prize winners, including Professor William Hamilton, the winner of the Kyoto Prize in Japan. 5. The long-term plans for university development envisaged in the `three- site strategy' which the University adopted in 1992 have been taken several steps forward through feasibility studies; Campaign successes are now needed for their implementation. Generous benefactions through the Campaign have already enabled the University to go ahead with plans for the Chinese Studies Institute (to be housed with Linguistics in the Clarendon Press Institute); good progress is being made in securing funding for the American Studies Institute; and Korean Studies have been established through the generosity of the Korea Foundation and Korea Research Foundation. The first Peter Moores Professor has been appointed in Management Studies. The Institute for European Studies has organised the first Europaeum Conference, in collaboration with colleagues from institutions throughout Europe, and the network of European universities which will make up the Europaeum is coming into being, with a first association established with the University of Leiden. The University Development Campaign and other Grants and Benefactions 1992- 3 6. In the Campaign for Oxford progress picked up well during the year, following a difficult period during the worst of the recession. At the end of the year the Campaign total had reached 280,453,982. 7. There were particularly encouraging developments in the new projects added to the portfolio mid-way through the Campaign. The Ashmolean Humanities Centre received an inaugural gift of 3.5 million from an anonymous donor, and innovative architectural plans have now been drawn up. The proposed American Studies Institute also attracted strong support in the form of major pledges for the Library and for a visiting professorship in American Literature. The Rhodes Trust has continued its support for the Campaign by pledging to match donations to the Institute from American Rhodes Scholars, up to an amount of 1 million. Further support from the Trust was also promised to fund two lecturerships in Management Studies, and for a new University swimming pool, following a significant gift from the Foundation for Sport and the Arts towards this long-awaited part of the portfolio. 8. The Centre for Information Engineering, now nearing completion on the Keble Road site, received substantial support of 2 million from another of the University's long-standing benefactors, the Wolfson Foundation. 9. Each of the important projects mentioned above involves new building in some degree, and a change to the fabric of the University. It is gratifying to be able to report progress in attracting benefactors in this area, which had in the early part of the Campaign proved to be less attractive than other opportunities for giving. 10. Support from the alumni has been maintained, in particular for the Bodleian Library, by those invited to match a special grant of 400,000 by the University towards the conversion of the catalogue. Over 325,000 has so far been raised, and there is every expectation that the particular target will be achieved by the end of 1993. 11. In the United States collaborative activity between the University and colleges developed further, with the third and largest North American Reunion weekend held in New York and attended by the Chancellor and Vice- Chancellor. A reception for over 900 was hosted at the United Nations by the UK Permanent Representative Sir David Hannay (New College, '56) and a series of seminars on a wide variety of subjects was conducted on the following day. Many colleges took the opportunity to organise separate receptions for their alumni during the reunion. 12. Some 18 million was raised in new donations and pledges. The full details of benefactors to the University through the Campaign in the period are given in Appendix D2. 13. Grants from research councils and other government agencies totalled 39,574,085, a 9m increase on the sum achieved last year. Total grants for research projects received during the year are listed in Appendix E. They amounted to 73.3m compared with 62.7m in 1991-2. Honours 14. Honours were conferred upon the Warden of St. Antony's (Life Peerage), Professor Henry Harris (Knight Bachelor), Dr Alan Tayler, Professor Ian Brownlie, Professor George Radda, Professor David Grahame-Smith (Commanders of the Order of the British Empire) and Dr Arthur Peacocke (Member of the Order of the British Empire). Headships of Houses 15. Professor Robert Stevens succeeds Sir Roger Bannister as Master of Pembroke; Dr Geoffrey Marshall succeeds Dr John Moffatt as Provost of Queen's; Mr John Flemming succeeds Sir Claus Moser as Warden of Wadham. In January 1994, Sir David Smith will succeed Sir Raymond Hoffenberg as President of Wolfson, and Lord Plant will succeed Dr Brian Smith as Master of St. Catherine's in October 1994. Dr Colin Lucas has been pre-elected as Master of Balliol in succession to Professor Blumberg; Dr Eric Anderson has been pre-elected to succeed Sir Maurice Shock as Rector of Lincoln; Professor Anthony Atkinson has been pre-elected to succeed Sir David Cox as Warden of Nuffield. There is a vacancy in the Rectorship of Exeter following the death of Sir Richard Norman. Degrees by Diploma and Honorary Degrees 16. Those conferred during the year, including those conferred at the Encaenia, are listed in Appendix A. Congregation 17. Under the new procedures instituted last year, the annual debate on a general resolution `inviting approval of important new policies' was held in the fourth week of Michaelmas Full Term, on the occasion of the presentation of the Annual Report for the preceding year. This year, the resolution, which was approved unopposed, instructed Council (i) to continue its consideration of the likely impact on the University of national policies in respect of the separation of funding for teaching from funding for research, the assessment of teaching quality, the utilisation of accommodation, the structure of the academic year, and performance-related pay; (ii) noting any views expressed in Congregation, to prepare plans for accommodating those national policies, or as might be appropriate to make representations with a view to securing their modification; and (iii) not later than Hilary Term 1993 to report to Congregation on any developments relating to these matters. The report of the debate on the resolution was subsequently published as Supplement (1) to Gazette No. 4271, 30 November 1992 (Vol. 123, p. 421). Council set up a joint working party with the General Board to consider these matters, and an interim report on progress was published in Gazette No. 4285, 25 March 1993 (ibid., p. 880). 18. Congregation also approved unopposed (and without a meeting) a general resolution submitted by Council seeking agreement in principle, on certain understandings, to the University's joining with Mansfield College in a petition for the college's incorporation as a full college of the University. 19. Two general resolutions were submitted by members of Congregation during the year. The first, which was accepted by Council and approved unopposed, instructed Council and the General Board not to proceed further with the development of a database of research publications until the functions of such a database had been clarified with the CVCP, and a general resolution authorising its development had been laid before Congregation. Council and the Board subsequently reported to Congregation in Gazette No. 4291, 27 May 1993 (ibid., p. 1103), that they had decided not to seek Congregation's approval of the collection of information for the CVCP return of 1992 research publications, but that, through the Board's steering committee on the database, they would be engaging in discussion with the CVCP and other universities in order to try to develop a common future approach on this matter; they had also asked the steering committee to continue its consideration of how information might be collected for research assessment exercises and other internal purposes, with a view to seeking approval from Congregation on this in due course. 20. The second general resolution submitted by members of Congregation expressed regret at the General Board's decisions on the use of the discretionary funds included in the non-clinical academic salary settlement for 1992-3, in particular its decision to hold an ad hominem professorship promotions exercise in 1993, and instructed Council and the Board to reverse this decision and to use the available funds for promotions to readerships only. An amendment proposed by Council and the Board was rejected; the resolution was then carried by a substantial majority of those present, and Council and the Board decided not to call a postal vote on the issue. The report of the debate on the amendment and resolution was subsequently published as Supplement (1) to Gazette No. 4293 (ibid., p. 1187). Teaching and research 21. The General Board was able to make some relatively small recurrent and non-recurrent additions to departmental and faculty board grants in 1992-3. In certain areas, larger non-recurrent additions were made, the policy being to do this where such expenditure would be beneficial to the University as a whole. The most notable of these allocations was 432K to the Bodleian for the computerisation of the interim card catalogue (covering the period between the closure of the old manual catalogue and the establishment of the new computerised catalogue) and for the computerisation of the union list of science periodicals. 22. Such increases in allocation were, however, more than outweighed by the increasing problems caused by the transfer of funds to the research councils, to which extensive reference was made last year (paras. 22 and 40-42). In 1992-3 the University's grant from UFC/HEFCE was reduced by 6.762m. It was decided that some 5m of this might be recoverable in the form of indirect cost additions to research council grants and that the remaining 1.762m might in turn be recovered as new direct cost additions to such grants. The grants to departments and other bodies capable of securing the direct cost additions were therefore reduced by the latter amount. As is well known, the operation of the new system has been extremely difficult. Both universities and research councils have had to learn how to operate it: consistency between research councils or between committees within research councils may not have been found easy to achieve. The extent to which the University as a whole will recover the funds remains unclear. Moreover, further deductions from the block grant are taking place in 1993-4 (3.859m) and 1994-5 (between 1m and 2m). Meetings have been held with representatives of departments to explain the University's approach and the General Board has spent much time discussing the way in which the 1993-4 deductions should be made. It has been agreed that from 1 August 1993 departments should be able to keep part of the indirect cost additions to their research council grants. This should provide an incentive to secure such grants, but in order to allow the indirect cost income to be retained the University's grant to the relevant departments has to be reduced still further since the income from the indirect cost element will no longer flow in its entirety into the University's central funds. 23. There is no doubt that departments are suffering very serious pressure during this awkward transitional phase and that management of departmental resources has become much more difficult. In the budget for 1993-4, 500K non-recurrent has been set aside to enable the Board to alleviate some of the worst effects of the 1992-3 reductions. This will be distributed as soon as possible in 1993-4. The Board expects that a sum at least as large will have to be made available in 1994-5 to contribute towards deficits at the end of 1993-4. The Board has also allocated an additional 125K recurrent to the Research and Equipment Committee to increase the funds available for pump-priming research grants and for the bridging support scheme to cover gaps in external funding. 24. The Vice-Chancellor, together with the Vice-Chancellors of Cambridge and Warwick, the Rector of Imperial College and the Provost of UCL, made strong representations to the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster about the difficulties of recovering the transferred money, and notably about the way in which research council rules restricted the ability to secure extra direct costs at the necessary level. These representations, and a report by the British University Finance Officers Group, were successful and the research councils have now removed the thresholds on staff costs and reduced those for non-staff costs. This will significantly improve the chances of securing sufficient extra direct cost income to replace what has been withdrawn, although it will be some time before the benefits are seen and can be measured. 25. It remains the case, however, that a significant sum of money which was once in the University's block grant and relatively unearmarked now has to be applied for through a large number of grant applications and, when secured, is subject to more detailed earmarking than before. The increased time and effort spent in preparing grant applications, and the increased administrative costs, all represent a diversion of resources (both time and money) from teaching and research. 26. The appointment of academic staff of the highest quality has always been a most important activity of the University, since all else flows from it. This importance is emphasised now that so high a proportion of funding depends on success in securing research council grants and success in research assessment exercises. It is therefore essential for the University to refill as many vacant academic posts as possible. In Trinity Term 1992 the General Board agreed to release 40 posts with effect from 1 October 1993 and during Michaelmas Term 1992 a further three were added to this number. In Trinity Term 1993, the Board agreed to release 37 posts with effect from 1 October 1994 and it will consider in the coming Michaelmas Term whether this can be increased. 27. The results of the 1992 research assessment exercise were published just before Christmas 1992 and although the University did well there were a number of disappointments. Many subject areas have already reviewed the outcome and the General Board has asked for a report from each. The results undoubtedly provided further evidence of the particular pressures on academic staff in non-departmentally organised subjects. Because of a slight improvement in the financial situation for 1993-4 the General Board has been able to allocate 650K towards trade-offs for CUF lecturers (almost all of whom are in non-departmentally organised subjects). This should enable some relief to be given from college tutorial teaching in recognition of heavy loads of graduate teaching and supervision, the net result being the release of more time for research. The Board has also allocated some 400K for general purposes within, broadly speaking, the non-departmentally organised subject areas and will be seeking bids from them. Particular attention is likely to be paid to items which can improve the support available to these subject areas in the form of IT, secretarial and administrative help, funds for travel and research assistance, and the like. (As is reported below, the Research and Equipment Committee has now begun to make recurrent equipment grants to non-departmentally organised subject areas.) 28. An important element in improving facilities for research in non- departmentally organised subjects is the Three-Site Strategy which Congregation agreed in Michaelmas Term 1991 should be investigated. Council and the General Board received and endorsed a report of the steering group at the end of Trinity Term. The Buildings Committee has now been asked to pursue the details, keeping Council and the General Board closely informed. In essence the steering group has established how space might be reallocated on the central site (roughly the area from the Indian Institute to the Social Studies Faculty Centre in George Street) and the possibilities for development on the St Cross site and on the Taylorian and Ashmolean site. Much more work and consultation is needed, however, to turn suggestions and ideas into definite plans, and funding will need to be secured. The General Board has noted that as matters develop it may be desirable to use some of the 400K referred to above to enable parts of the strategy to be implemented and is therefore suggesting to those bodies invited to bid for this money that they might wish to seek non-recurrent allocations in the first place, so keeping the money free for recurrent allocation later when the implications of the Three-Site Strategy are clearer. 29. The organisation of research nationally will be greatly affected by the implementation of the proposals in the White Paper entitled `Realising our potential: A strategy for Science, Engineering and Technology'. The changes in the organisation and `missions' of the research councils (with greater emphasis on wealth creation as a justification for public expenditure on science) and the replacement of the ABRC by a council chaired by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster may well have effects on the University's ability to secure research council funding, but the precise implications cannot yet be foreseen. Perhaps more immediately, the proposals that the majority of graduate students in the sciences should undertake a Master's course before embarking on research, and the likelihood that if this happens there will be fewer research studentships for doctoral work, are already being discussed in science departments and sub-faculties. 30. These proposals should moreover be looked at together with the proposals by the British Academy for a rather similar pattern (i.e. support for a one year taught course or the equivalent, plus support for three years' research) for graduate student support in the Humanities, which have been discussed at length during 1992-3. Although the model identified both by the White Paper and in the British Academy is similar, the rationale behind the two sets of proposals is substantially different. The British Academy is in part responding to widespread concern over the number of doctoral research students who fail to complete a thesis. The proposal to move towards a situation whereby the majority of research students in the humanities undertake an initial one-year course, with a significant element of research training, before applying for a further three-year award, is intended to provide a firm foundation for doctoral research, and to promote a significant improvement in completion rates. The White Paper, on the other hand, should be seen against a record of high completion rates in the sciences, and is more concerned with the appropriateness of the total postgraduate experience, focusing especially on the adequacy of the range of skills and experiences provided within current doctoral programmes. While recognising the validity of the concerns expressed in both these issues, the University continues to remain anxious to preserve significant elements of the present system. In the Arts and Social Sciences, there must always be room for those candidates who, sometimes at considerable personal expense and sacrifice, wish to pursue a topic beyond the normal three or four years, and who often produce a thesis which, with minimal modification, is worthy of publication. Completion here may take six or seven years, but the contribution to scholarship may well be outstanding. Similarly, the University will wish to examine the proposed shift in the focus of doctoral research in the sciences, to ensure that its contribution to research of international significance remains undiminished. 31. In order to respond to the British Academy proposals, the relevant faculties have been required to examine the provision they can make for students who wish to apply for initial one-year awards, followed by three-year studentships, and so require either a taught Master's course, or what the British Academy calls a `tailor-made course', in their first year. A significant response has been the introduction by the English Faculty of the M.St. in research methods in English, which will be the standard first-year provision for research students in English, apart from those who have completed an M.Phil. Other faculties have provided for the first year by modifying their existing taught courses, or by identifying elements in their current provision which can be assessed and graded to meet the requirements of the British Academy. Further work is continuing on these issues, but faculties are, of course, aware that British Academy-supported students represent only a minority of the graduate student intake in most subject areas, and that the needs of very significant numbers of overseas students with only three-year funding have also to be taken into consideration. 32. In all these developments, the focal point of postgraduate work for research students and, to a large extent, for those undertaking taught courses, is the working relationship between graduate student and supervisor. This year the University has been monitoring its system of termly supervision report forms, which enables faculties and colleges to keep in touch with a student's academic progress, and to contribute to the early identification and resolution of any problems. The very limited use of external supervisors has also been under scrutiny to ensure that this only occurs when it is in the academic interest of the student concerned, and that there is always a joint supervisor from within the University. 33. The University has also begun to undertake the follow-up to the report of a working party on graduate provision generally, which met in 1990 under the chairmanship of the Vice-Chancellor. Concentrating on the college contribution to graduate students, the report provided a blue-print for the work of college advisers and for the role of Tutors (or Deans) of Graduates. It also suggested to the University that a review of its findings and their implementation could be undertaken with profit within two years. Such a review has therefore been undertaken by the General Board's Committee for Graduates Studies and the Committee of Tutors for Graduates in consultation with the Graduate Union, and its results will be put to Council and the General Board in Michaelmas Term. Opportunity has also been taken to re- examine some of the recommendations of the 1987 report on graduate students produced by a committee under the chairmanship of the Warden of Merton (the Roberts Report) and to ensure that these continue to influence the work of faculties and departments. 34. Areas under review have included the provision of suitable induction sessions for all graduate students, the range of college facilities for graduates, the appropriate English language qualifications for admission to graduate study, and the means by which supplementary skills or experience required in the course of research may be provided. The last of these issues has been significantly helped this year by the extension of payments for special tuition, hitherto confined to graduate students registered for taught courses, to cover the first year of Probationer Research Status. The General Board has now agreed to continue this for the foreseeable future. 35. Both the Committee for Graduate Studies and the Committee of Tutors for Graduates have also considered the issues arising out of the Hawton Report on suicide and attempted suicide, in particular the identification of the pressures on graduate students and the adequacy of the network provided to support them in times of stress and personal difficulty. (These issues are, of course, at least as serious, and have received at least as much attention in relation to undergraduate studies in a year where the University lost three young students through untimely deaths.) 36. All these discussions, and many similar, have the objective which was identified in the Roberts Report, namely that of sustaining `the national and international standing of Oxford as a source of well-trained scholars and a centre of fruitful research by providing an environment which is in every way supportive of good graduate work.' Academic audit and quality assessment 37. The University is now familiar with the assessment of the quality of its research. External assessment of the quality of teaching is more of a novelty. At present two separate procedures are in existence. The first, set up by the universities themselves, is quality audit, i.e. a review of the systems and machinery which the University uses to satisfy itself that its teaching is of high quality. Initially quality audit was carried out by the Academic Audit Unit of the CVCP; this has now become the Academic Audit Division of the Higher Education Quality Council, the latter being a semi-independent agency of the CVCP. Oxford was one of the last universities to receive a visit from the auditors which took place during four days in February 1993. Having received full information on paper in advance, the auditors met 254 people during their visit. Their report was considered by the September meeting of Hebdomadal Council and has been published in the Gazette as a first step in a wide consultation process. 38. Meanwhile, HEFCE was establishing its machinery for direct review of the quality of education in universities, as it is obliged to do under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. At present it intends to assess four subjects per year, the basis for this being self- assessment by the relevant department or faculty, followed in some cases by a visit. In Oxford's case, self- assessments were submitted in the early summer of 1993 for Chemistry, Law and Modern History and visits will take place in November 1993. Self- assessments for Computation, Social Work and Management Studies were submitted at the end of July 1993 and visits may take place early in 1994. 39. There is much concern about the additional burden imposed by both audit and quality assessment and at the overlap between them and (in certain subjects) between quality assessment by HEFCE on the one hand and on the other the reviews of these subjects by professional institutions and similar bodies. HEFCE has indicated that the outcome of quality assessment will in due course be taken into account in the calculation of the teaching element of an institution's grant, although it is not yet known how this will be done. It is clearly important for the University's procedures for maintaining the high quality of its courses to be as explicit as possible, and with this in mind the Undergraduate Studies Committee has during the year drawn the attention of faulty boards to, inter alia, the information held by the Careers Service which may be useful when boards alter courses or contemplate the introduction of new ones, as it will give some indication of the qualities employers wish to see in the graduates they employ. Examination procedures 40. Examination procedures were among the issues considered by the academic auditors and two aspects of these procedures have been reviewed by the University during the year. First, there has been consultation about the role of external examiners in the University and whether the level of remuneration appears to make recruitment difficult. A variety of opinions has been expressed, but it is clear that there is a natural move towards the CVCP guidelines on the role of such examiners (i.e. that their purpose is to adjudicate on borderline cases, and to monitor standards based on a selection of scripts from all classes, rather than to act as fully-fledged examiners). There are, however, examinations where the external examiner continues to have a full examining role and to act as an arbiter of standards, and this practice will continue if boards and committees so desire. Where recruitment is difficult it appears to be the workload, not the level of remuneration, which poses problems in many cases. 41. Second, implementation of a recommendation of a recent working party on Sexual Harassment has led to the issuing of an instruction to chairmen of examiners at both undergraduate and graduate level to ensure that scripts are anonymous at the point of assessment. This has been the practice for some time in the majority of written examinations, but candidates are now universally identified by number rather than name. Organisation of the academic year 42. During the year Council and the General Board have considered, via a working party, both the interim and final Flowers Report on the Structure of the Academic Year and consultation has taken place with colleges. Given the University's role as a major research university, major changes in the organisation of the academic year were not thought to contribute to the provision of adequate of sufficiently flexible research time. Nevertheless, attention is being given to ways in which existing practices are formalised to make explicit the fact that the academic year at Oxford is more nearly the 30 week year of other institutions and not, as commonly assumed a 24 week year. The same working party has also looked at matters related to the induction of new undergraduates, on which detailed discussions are proceeding at college level, and will be co-ordinated by a University Working Party. 43. Elsewhere, arising from concern about pressure on undergraduates and the findings of the Hawton Report on suicide and attempted suicide, the Undergraduate Studies Committee has considered the possibility of a study- skills programme as a means of reducing students' anxieties about their academic performance. Undergraduate admissions and Undergraduate Studies 44. The discussions referred to last year (para. 24 of the report for 1991-2) about the establishment of a joint Undergraduate Admissions Committee between the University and the colleges have now been completed and the new committee established. Benefits from the closer links have already been seen. 45. Turning to matters of importance at the individual subject level, the following should be noted. (a) Departmental reviews The General Board's scheme of reviews of departments or equivalent bodies is now well established. Following the reviews of the Museum of History of Science, Mathematics and QEH referred to last year (see para. 28 of the report for 1991-2) various changes have been made in the arrangements for each. In particular there is now a new structure for the History of Science, new provisions for the Mathematical Institute and a new office of Chairman of Mathematics, and a new Interfaculty Committee for QEH and new arrangements for the directorship of that department. Reports have also been received on Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, Pathology and Bacteriology, and Psychiatry and reports on the History of Art and the Transport Studies Unit are awaited. In 1993-4 reviews will be undertaken of the Ashmolean Museum, Music, Pharmacology, Human Sciences and Clinical Oncology. The Clinical Medicine Board is itself reviewing the Clinical School as a whole, against the background of the radical changes in the NHS in recent years and the hopes that the long-planned concentration of Oxford hospitals on the two Headington sites (and the withdrawal from the Radcliffe Infirmary) may be possible within the foreseeable future. (b) Biosciences research Research in all aspects of the Biomedical Sciences is in general one of the fastest developing areas of intellectual enquiry and, given Oxford's strength in the subjects concerned, there are many plans at various stages of discussion. These affect both the clinical academic departments on the hospital sites, referred to in the previous paragraph, and the relevant departments in South Parks Road. The Bioscience's Research Board has been drafting a general plan for research. Attention is being paid to the need to co-ordinate developments and in particular the approaches to potential funding bodies. A consequence of these discussions has been a review by the central bodies of the University of the procedures for dealing with the potential financial implications for the University of major new building developments funded by outside bodies. (c) Four year courses in Physics and Mathematics As foreshadowed last year, proposals to establish four-year degrees in Physics and in Mathematics to run in parallel with revised three-year courses have been considered. Legislation for the restructured Physics courses (and for the associated Physics and Philosophy joint degree) has been approved and the first students to read for the four-year single honours course will be admitted in October 1993. Approval has been granted in principle for the four-year Mathematics degree, which the DfE has confirmed will be eligible for mandatory LEA grants under present regulations. It is argued that changes in the school curriculum, the continuing growth of Mathematics as a subject (which can lead to overloading of the undergraduate course) and the need for comparability with degree qualifications from continental European universities, make the existing three-year course less and less adequate for those who wish to pursue a career in the subject. Two fresh uncertainties have recently been introduced. First, as reported above, the White Paper on Science and Technology has indicated a move to the taught Master's degree as a precursor to the doctorate. This may make it less easy (if not impossible) for graduates from four-year first degrees to be admitted directly to research degrees and so to some extend would obstruct one of the objectives of the change. Second, HEFCE intends to discourage the lengthening of first degree courses and there are fears that retrospective measures to this effect might be applied. It remains to be seen what the financial implications of such measures would be, but it is clear that such action would result in both the Physics and the Mathematics four-year courses being vulnerable to penalties for reduced throughput. The faculties concerned are now considering the extent to which these uncertainties may make them wish to change their plans for four-year courses. Many other universities are affected in the same way and it will be important to continue to be aware of the action they are taking. (d) The M.Eng. As indicated last year, it had been intended to propose to Congregation that an existing four-year degree (Engineering Science and its associated joint schools) should become a Master's degree (the M.Eng.). This proposal took account of the professional status of the degree and the fact that Oxford's recruitment of high-quality undergraduates might be jeopardised if the change were not made, since all other leading universities with courses in this subject now offered this qualification. After discussion in the relevant bodies it was agreed that `M.Eng.' should be the final qualification, subject to a provision giving undergraduates currently in residence and successful in one of the relevant honour schools the right to choose between the M.Eng. and the BA. It has subsequently been decided that the title of the degrees in Natural Science (Metallurgy and Science of Materials) and in Metallurgy, Economics, and Management should also be M.Eng., since there is a close analogy with Engineering. (e) Oxford Institute of Legal Practice Following preliminary discussions between members of the Law Faculty and representatives of Oxford Brookes University, formal consideration has been given during the year to the establishment of the Oxford Institute of Legal Practice. The Law Society has decided to permit institutions other than itself to offer (subject to validation by the Law Society) the legal practice course which all potential solicitors are required to pass. A number of institutions have already taken advantage of this. The Oxford proposal represents an important opportunity to extend academic law more fully into the area of practice and procedure and for collaboration between both universities in the city. It is hoped to start the course in October 1994 but final decisions remain to be taken in the light of a visit by the Law Society's validating panel in the autumn. (f) Management Studies Important steps towards implementing the developments in Management Studies approved by Congregation in 1990 have been taken this year. The effects of the recession have made fund-raising much slower than had been hoped, but a generous benefaction by the Rhodes Trustees for two lecturerships in the subject and an allocation of some 35K recurrent by the General Board has enabled both the quota for the existing successful EMEM degrees to be increased and a new Honour School of Economics and Management to be introduced from 1 October 1994. Further discussions about developments in Management will take place in 1993-4. (g) Honour School of Computation Discussions on the provision of the necessary resources for the new Honour School of Computation have been completed and new academic appointments are under way. (h) Chinese Studies The proposed Institute of Chinese Studies has been allocated space in the Clarendon Press Institute and, after discussion with the benefactor, the existing Professorship of Chinese has been entitled the Shaw Professorship in recognition of the use of part of the Shaw benefaction to endow the post. An appointment to one new Shaw Lecturership in the Economy of China will be made early in 1993-4 and it is intended to appoint a second Shaw Lecturer in the Modern Politics and Society of China. Library arrangements have been agreed. One important consequence of the development will be the freeing of space in the Oriental Institute which is under great pressure, given the other developments in the subjects with which that institute is concerned. (i) Educational Studies Further assessments of the role of the Department of Educational Studies, given the Government's actual and proposed changes in arrangements for teacher training, have begun in 1992-3 and will be continued in 1993-4. Since changes in government policy are likely to affect Westminster College, whose courses are now validated by the University, at least severely as the University's own department, it is likely that the University's policy and strategy in this area as a whole will require some further consideration. (j) Museums Committee For some time the General Board has considered that the University's museums may be disadvantaged by the absence of a single body at which common matters of concern can be discussed and views exchanged, and from which representations can be made both within and outside the University. After extensive consultation a Committee for the Museums and Scientific Collections has been established, with effect from 1 October 1993. This will be a consultative and co-ordinating body and will not impinge on the powers and responsibilities of the governing bodies of the individual museums. (k) Continuing Education (i) The University's work in this field is centred largely on the Department for Continuing Education, in association with the newly constituted society, Rewley House. In order to cater for a broadening range of activities and increasing student numbers, the University has allocated additional accommodation to the department. In particular, a new teaching centre has been opened at 92 Woodstock Road, which has been named W.K. Kellogg House after the generous donation from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation to the Department, and the department and the college have taken over new accommodation at 8 Wellington Square, which now houses the department's International Programmes division, college administration, and student facilities. Rewley House matriculated its first students in Michaelmas Term 1992. (ii) In line with the new, progressive structure of continuing education qualifications approved by the University in 1991-2, it has been agreed to introduce two part-time two-year foundation certificate courses (in English Language and Literature, and Social and Political Science), and a part-time Master's degree in English Local History. A new Diploma in Counselling has also been introduced and, in general, there has been a steady expansion of courses for the public, especially of programmes leading to accreditation. The University has approved a credit transfer agreement with the Open University, which will enable students of the Department to progress to a broad range of higher education qualifications. The department's Continuing Professional Development division has also broadened its provision with the introduction of a Postgraduate Diploma in Software Engineering. This has formed the basis for a successful bid to the SERC to establish an Integrated Graduate Development Scheme in partnership with IBM and a number of other industrial companies. The University has agreed to the establishment of several new posts in the department, and a University Lecturer in Law has, for example, been appointed to develop continuing legal education. The inaugural meeting of the Advisory Council on Continuing Education was held in January 1993. This will provide valuable links with a wide range of individuals in government, industry, and the professions, and will help the department to continue its mission to make the University's education and scholarship accessible to men and women in ways which complement the University's provision for its resident members. Information Technology 46. Reference has been made above (para. ^C) to the likely needs of non- departmentally organised subjects for IT support. The development of a general IT strategy for the University has made significant progress in 1992- 3. In order to maintain its standing in research, scholarship and dissemination of information, the University needs to be in the forefront in the use of Information Technology (IT) and its development into new areas. With this in mind, early in the academic year the IT Committee formulated proposals for future technical strategy which were circulated widely within the University for comment. Responses from faculties, departments and colleges were overwhelmingly in favour of the broad thrust of the strategy proposed, which is for an increasingly distributed IT environment under which computers and IT services are widely dispersed and effectively connected. 47. Underpinning the strategy is the enhancement of the university network, with the installation in 1992-3 of fibre-optic cable to link buildings and the upgrading of the Ethernet backbone to FDDI, together with the enhancement of national and international connections: the University will shortly be connected to SuperJANET. The new high bandwidth networks are crucial for many IT applications, notably networking of information on CD-ROM, transmission of images, and file access and transfer (allowing, for instance, students and staff to access stored files with equal facility from department or college). The technical basis for transition to a more distributed environment is a client-server model, with the aim of providing a wide range of information and communication services using a consistent interface. The transition will be gradual, with a long period of overlap during which existing mainframe-type services will continue to be supported. 48. The most fundamental requirements to implement the new strategy are (a) the completion and management of the university Ethernet network between and within university buildings and colleges, and (b) wider provision of IT support staff. These matters are currently being addressed. On (a), it has recently been agreed to install a fibre-optic connection between the central university site and the John Radcliffe Hospital to help integrate these major centres, and the scope for a co-ordinated programme of installing local Ethernet networks within buildings is being investigated. On (b), the numbers of additional IT support staff necessary for the increasing number of IT users, and where they should be located, are being considered. The General Board has agreed that this and other steps to implement the agreed strategy are high priorities for funding. 100K recurrent has been allocated for IT posts in 1993-4 and 200K recurrent has been set aside by the Board for other IT purposes. Detailed commitments against this will be made as the strategy develops. 49. The Computing Services are a pivotal element in the implementation of the strategy, particularly in relation to management of the network, communication facilities, site-licence management, advice, training and information exchange. A new Director has just been appointed, and new posts (funded from the 100K referred to in the preceding paragraph) are being established to help provide internal network and start-up advice for individual units. 50. The development of networked IT facilities gives much improved potential for exchange of up-to-date management information. A strategy for the development of administrative information services has been drawn up, addressing in particular the need to provide for greater interaction between the central administration and departments, to encourage closer liaison between the University's administrative systems and those of colleges and to integrate administrative computing with other IT developments in the University. Advantage is being taken of the Management and Administrative Computing (MAC) initiative, under which universities are collaborating in the development of new systems using modern relational database technology: a new finance system (Prophecy) is now being installed and has been implemented from August 1993. 51. The new network also has the potential to improve radically the availability of library information, in the form of catalogues, text and image databases etc. Major efforts continue to be devoted to retrospective conversion of the Bodleian catalogue (see para. ^C above), and expansion of access to networked CD-ROMs and other information databases. 52. In 1992 the University established a new Educational Technology Resources Centre to provide support for research and teaching, particularly through equipment loan and video recording and editing. Demand for the centre's facilities and services has been heavy in this first year of its existence. The scope for greater collaboration between the centre and other relevant departments is being explored. 53. Traditionally, arts subjects have used IT less than the sciences, but the position is rapidly changing as IT applications in arts teaching and research develop, and awareness of their potential grows. At the IT Committee's request, each of the arts faculties in 1993 prepared a strategy statement on how it expects to use IT in the future, in the light of which the budget available for IT in the arts has been increased substantially and each faculty is being allocated a recurrent sum for the purchase of IT equipment to stimulate further development (see para. ^C below). Research and Equipment Committee 54. The Research and Equipment Committee distributes a research fund provided by the General Board from its general resources, and equipment funds which are received by the University in earmarked form from HEFCE. (a) Research Funds The committee allocates pump-priming and emergency research grants to support the research interests of established members of the academic staff and bridging grants to retain long serving academic-related staff, under certain stringent rules, during gaps in external funding. During 1992-3, applications for pump-priming and emergency research grants and for bridging grants continued substantially to exceed the funds available. The committee drew to the attention of the General Board the particularly intensive demand for funds, and the General Board subsequently agreed to supplement the committee's budget by 50K in 1992-3 and by 50K per annum from 1993-4 onwards. The General Board also identified the increased need for pump-priming research grants for new or recently appointed lecturers following the transfer of funds to the research councils and the consequent reduction in departmental grants. The Board has therefore provided a recurrent sum of 75K for research grants to departments to provide for the needs of such lecturers in the sciences from 1993-4 onwards (see para. ^C above). The committee will develop guidelines for the distribution of this sum in Michaelmas Term 1993. During the year the committee made grants to 15 individuals under the bridging scheme and made 41 special research grants. The committee has reviewed its scheme for giving grants in association with the British Academy; four grants were made under this heading during the year, which represented a significant increase over previous years. Following consultation with faculty boards, the committee agreed that the scheme should be continued on the same basis, but also that it would give further consideration to the wider issue of research funding in the arts, and would consult faculty boards further about research needs and how they might be best supported, although it was recognised that some proposed developments might fall outside the remit of the committee. (b) Equipment Funds The committee received bids for funds in excess of 2m and awarded 73 non-recurrent equipment grants to provide IT equipment for individuals in 19 arts faculties/units and 46 non-recurrent grants for other types of equipment in 29 departments/units. 55. During the year there were two main changes in the provision of equipment funds. First, HEFCE decided that the allocation of the annual grant should again be by academic year rather than financial year. Second, purchases of major computer equipment formerly through the Information Systems Committee (ISC). The DfE decided that the successor body (the Joint Information Systems Committee) should not have this responsibility for local procurement; the total sum was added to equipment funds. An interim equipment award was made for the period April to August 1993 to re-establish the academic year as the period for provision. 56. In July HEFCE announced the annual equipment grant for 1993-4 and made a further allocation to complete the transfer of the former ISC funds , the total being largely in line with expectations, although delay in the announcement of the final grant delayed a number of initiatives. The grant for the academic year 1993-4 brought an increase of one per cent in equipment funds, and provision at about the expected level for computing. Projects for capital IT expenditure will be developed in consultation with departments during 1993-4. The Research and Equipment Committee has endeavoured to increase the budget for recurrent equipment grants for 1993-4 to support equipment provision in departments and other units. 57. HEFCE has also consulted the University about proposals to change the method of allocation of the equipment grant between institutions. The committee commented on the proposals on behalf of the University, expressing particular concern about the reduction in the proportion of the total grant to be allocated on the basis of research criteria under the new formula. 58. The committee has continued to work closely with the IT Committee in the review of bids for grants for IT equipment from arts units and science departments. The committee has endorsed the proposals of the IT Committee's Equipment Group for the allocation of recurrent equipment grants to arts faculties from 1993-4 onwards to allow faculties to determine and support their priorities for funding. The committee increased the budget available for IT in arts units in 1992-3, making available the sum of 315K. It has agreed in principle to a further increase in support (450K) for 1993-4. Accountability for the research element of the block grant 59. Much of what has been said so far in the Research section of this Report (para. ...) relates directly or indirectly to the support of research. The University aspires to the highest quality research and teaching and holds that the one nourishes the other. The grant from HEFCE is made up of a teaching component and a research component, each calculated by a different formula, but the grant remains a block grant, whose allocation and disposition is for the University to decide. At the same time, however, HEFCE is required to satisfy itself and hence the DfE that there is proper accountability for expenditure of the research element of the grant. The University commented during the academic year on a consultative document from the funding council on how this might best be done. In due course, the University (like all others) will have to comply with HEFCE's requirements, which are likely to involve more explicit allocation of funds for research within the University as distinct from teaching. Funding of Research, Industrial Liaison and Related Activities 60. In spite of the difficulties of having to adapt to the new system of dual support from 1 August 1992 (see para. [ 1 ]), and of increasingly fierce competition from other institutions, the University has continued to secure major grants from the research councils 61. The Science and Engineering Council (SERC), for example, in addition to awarding many standard 3 year project grants, has granted a sum of 5,741,814 over 3 years in support of the Oxford Particle Physics Programme under the direction of Professor R.J. Cashmore, a major initiative to develop current ideas and to investigate new theories in the science of particle physics. Similarly, a total of 750,373 over 4 years has been awarded by SERC in support of the Oxford Nuclear Structure Research Programme under the supervision of Dr W.D.M. Rae, also of Physics. Among other large awards granted by SERC in 1992-93 to the Department of Physics, funding of 671,824 was confirmed for Dr J.F. Ryan's research into advanced optical spectroscopy of electronic processes in low dimensional semiconductors, and of 206,610 to Dr P. L. Read for his investigations into the large-scale dynamics of the Martian atmosphere. 62. Dr D.W. Murray and Professor E.G.S. Paige of the Department of Engineering Science have been awarded SERC grants of 239,453 and 265,703 respectively, Dr Murray for studies on navigation using geometric invariance and active vision, and Professor Paige for his research into the applications of a programmable phase transformer. SERC also announced in 1992-93 an award of 213,077 to Dr P.W. Smith, also of the Department of Engineering Science, to study high voltage shock-wave and soliton generation in non-linear transmission lines. 63. Among the SERC awards to the Department of Materials is a major rolling grant of 619,714 over 4 years in support of Dr M.J. Goringe's development of high temperature superconducting wires and tapes for application in demonstrator devices. Dr G.R. Booker, also of the Department of Materials, has been granted f. 1 86,471 from SERC to undertake research into the development and application of strain, orientation and atomic number sensitive BSE SEM techniques, and the Department of Materials is collaborating, along with the Physical Chemistry Laboratory, in a SERC-funded study of the geometric and electronic structure of catalytic oxides by scanning tunnelling microscopy, for which a grant of 285,172 has been awarded to Dr R.G. Edgell of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory. 64. The Medical Research Council (MRC) continues to give much valued support to research in the University's clinical and pre-clinical departments. Professor R. Peto and colleagues at the Clinical Trial Service Unit have had their special project grant to conduct the MRC Leukaemia trials renewed for a further 5 years with an award of approximately 2 million. The MRC has also announced a major programme grant of 622,872 over 5 and a half years to Dr T. Sharp and his group in the Department of Clinical Pharmacology to undertake research into the basic neuropharmacology of 5-Hydroxytryptamine. Recipients of other substantial MRC awards over academic year 1992-93 are Dr M.J. Dallman of the Nuffield Department of Surgery, who has secured a 3 year project grant of 396,800 to support her research on the regulation of in vivo immune response to alloantigen through the cytokine network; Dr K.J. Buckler of the University's Physiology Laboratory, who has received a 3 year project grant of 197,119 in conjunction with an MRC Senior Fellowship to investigate the cellular mechanisms of hypoxic and acidic chemoreception by the carotid body; and Dr S. Murphy of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, who has been awarded 262,291 over 3 years to undertake research on mammalian RNA polymerase II and IH-dependent small nuclear RNA genes. Furthermore, the MRC announced in 1992-93 that it will continue its support of the MRC Bone Research Laboratory under the direction of Dr J.T. Triffitt in the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery with a total grant of over El million over 5 years. 65. Among the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-funded initiatives to be commenced in 1992-93 are the Department of Zoology's long-term studies of a woodland ecosystem under the direction of Professor C.M. Perrins, for which NERC has awarded a grant of 278,446 over 3 years, and a major research initiative to be undertaken by the Environmental Change Unit directed by Dr M.L. Parry on landscape dynamics and climate (NERC's support totals 245,091) in response to the ECU's application for funding under the Terrestrial Initiative in Global Environmental Research Programme TIGER). The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) both continue to provide a valued source of support to a wide range of University departments, and the ESRC has maintained its core support of both the Centre for Socio-legal Studies and the Centre for the Study of African Economies. The University has been notified that the Transport Studies Unit has been successful in its bid for ESRC Designated Research Centre status, which is anticipated to bring some 800,000 of funding to the Unit over five years. 66. An increasingly prominent source of support for research is the UK charity sector, from which many medium to large-sized grants have been received from sponsors such as British Heart Foundation, the Cancer Research Campaign and the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council. 67. Foremost amongst the University's charitable sponsors is the Wellcome Trust, which will be funding many of the most exciting developments in the medical and biosciences in the near future. Notable examples include Wellcome Principal Research Fellowships for Dr J.A. Todd, and to Dr M. Lathrop, who is transferring from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphism Humain (CEPH) in Paris. Dr Todd's grant, for a total of 1,217,212, will enable him to consolidate his research on the pathophysiology of autoimmune insulin dependent diabetes by genetic analysis, which it is intended to house in a new research institute for a human genetics facility at the University. The Wellcome Trust has agreed in principle to make a grant for the building and temporary accommodation to house this University institute, the details of which are presently being negotiated. Dr Lathrop's group is to undertake a major programme of research into the genetic susceptibility to common disease which will extend presently available techniques in molecular biology and genetics to studies of common diseases that have a major public health impact. 68. The Wellcome Trust has announced that it will continue to fund Dr A.V.S. Hill's Wellcome Senior Research Fellowship in Clinical Science, at a cost of 1,142,569, for Dr Hill's studies of genetic and acquired resistance to plasmodium falciparum. Dr Hill works in the Molecular Immunology Group in the Institute of Molecular Medicine. In addition, the Trust has confirmed a supplementary grant of 433,001 for a further 5 years' support of Dr E. Sims Wellcome Senior Lectureship in the Department of Pharmacology. 69. Among the large number of substantial research grants made by the Wellcome Trust to the University in 1992-93 are awards in the form of Wellcome Principal Research Fellowships for Drs D.M. Clark (553,560) and A. Ehlers (536,148) in the Department of Psychiatry, where both Drs Clark and Ehlers win be collaborating with Professor M.G. Gelder on a study of cognitive processes in the maintenance and treatment of anxiety disorders. The Trust has also generously agreed to provide funds for a new building for the Department of Psychiatry, subject to a satisfactory outcome to the negotiation of the details. Professor D.H. Barlow and colleagues in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology have been awarded a grant of 910,009 from the Wellcome Trust to carry out basic and applied studies of the human trophoblast; the Trust has also given a programme grant of 333,445 to Dr J.K. Heath of the Department of Biochemistry for his research on the molecular genetics of fibroblast growth factor receptors; an award of 519,789 for Dr R. Boyd's 3 year study of mammalian epithelial peptide transport in the Department of Human Anatomy; and a grant of 495,780 to Dr G.L. Smith of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology to cover 5 years' research expenses in connection with his study of poxvirus soluble cytoldne receptors. 70. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, which has been funding a number of studentships in the University, has this year awarded 2 major grants to distinguished Oxford researchers under its International Research Scholars Programme. One of these researchers is Professor A. Townsend, the 1992 recipient of the Louis Jeantet Prize for Medicine and a Fellow of the Royal Society who has been awarded a total of $500,000 for a programme of research entitled "The Biochemistry of Endogenous Antigen Presentation". Professor Townsend's research seeks understanding of the molecular basis for the recognition of viruses by specific cells of the immune system and of how tissue type influences human diseases, especially viral infections. The second Howard Hughes International Research Scholar who has been awarded prize money of $475,000 is Dr C.M. Dobson, who is based in the Oxford Centre for Molecular Medicine. Dr Dobson has been granted the award for his NMR studies of protein folding and recognition which aims to provide a description at the molecular level of the events that take place during the folding of proteins. 71. Charitable bodies whose major funding interests lie in areas outside the medical and biosciences have also given generously to research at Oxford in 1992-93. The Leverhulme Trust, for example, has elected to sponsor a wide variety of studies in different disciplines, and indeed the following topics of research give only a flavour of the type of investigation currently supported by the Trust: among awards received this year are a major grant of 140,990 to Mr N.J. Mayhew of the Ashmolean Museum to study records of debt, the money market and the English economy from 1340 to 1460; a grant of 55,984 over 3 years towards the development of the Celtic Coin Index under the direction of Professor B.W. Cunliffe of the Institute of Archaeology; research expenses of 51,288 to cover 2 years' research on the contribution of Greek literature to Macedonian cultural identity, to be directed by Dr P.A. Mackridge of the Faculty of Medieval and Modem Languages; and a sum of 86,220 over 2 years for research on the evolution of the court and its culture in north-west Europe, 1270 - 1500, to be carried out by Dr M.G.A. Vale of the Faculty of Modern History. Among other sponsors of the arts are the British Library and the British Academy, whose continued funding over a range of disciplines enables academics to attend conferences and to pursue their diverse research interests. 72. Although the University's research income from charitable sponsors has continued to flourish, the economic climate has had a deleterious effect on industrial funding, and the results of the recession on the University's ability to attract research sponsorship from companies are now becoming apparent. Many of the companies with which the University has collaborated in the past and which have previously sponsored large-scale research projects tend now to participate more in Government-subsidised schemes and to fund studentships than to invest in major basic or applied research initiatives. On account of the general reduction in industrial funding during 1992-93, the following major grants to the University from industrial sources tend to stand out: 73. In 1992-93, Rolls Royce invested significant sums in establishing new University Technology Centres (UTC's) and in supplementing grants to existing UTC's. An award of 313,494 over 2 years was made to the Computing Laboratory to establish the Rolls Royce UTC in Computational Fluid Dynamics under the direction of Dr M.B. Giles; and Professor T.V. Jones of the Department of Engineering Science was awarded a rolling grant of 904,599 over 5 years to found the Rolls Royce UTC in Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics of Turbines. Rolls Royce has dedicated a further 250,287 of funding over 3 years to Dr C. Ruiz's UTC (Department of Engineering Science) which carries out research on the development of design methods for composite structures under soft body impact, and the company has made an award of 196,869 to Dr R.W. Ainsworth, also of the Department of Engineering Science, for his research into 3D flow phenomena through analysis of Oxford rotor data. 74. The majority of significant industrial grants in 1992-93 came from the pharmaceutical sector, amongst them an award of 217,304 from F. Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland) to Professor J.E. Baldwin of the Dyson Perrins Laboratory to carry out synthesis in the field of Y-lactams as antibacterial agents or B-lactamase inhibitors. A research agreement worth 600,000 over 3 years was negotiated between the University and Boehringer Mannheim for Dr D. Tarin of the Department of Pathology and Bacteriology to pursue his development of a novel method for tumour diagnosis using CD44 gene products; and two major industrial awards of 331,097 and 75,822 were granted by Bristol-Myers Squibb to Professor A.D. Smith of the Department of Pharmacology to carry out new research projects in the area of developing and testing novel antipsychotic drugs. 75. This year saw Monsanto Company's support for Professor R.A. Dwek's research in the Glycobiology Institute change from a 5-year rolling contract covering the whole research programme to a $10m endowment and a contract amounting to $500,000 a year relating to research on anti-arthritic and anti-viral agents. 76. Government subsidies for industry under the DTI/SERC sponsored LINK scheme have made collaborative research under this programme an attractive proposition to companies which might otherwise not have invested in academic research in 1992-93. The University's participation in the LINK scheme has gone from strength to strength, and Oxford is currently involved in more LINK-sponsored projects than any other UK university. In the light of the Government's recent White Paper "Realising our Potential: a Strategy for Science, Engineering and Technology", which outlines future Government policy on scientific research and the emphasis which is to be placed on research leading to benefits for industry, it would seem that Oxford is already meeting the priorities envisaged as being of value to industry. Over the academic year 1992-93, Oxford has entered into collaborative research projects funded under the LINK scheme with, inter alia, Oxford Instruments; Pfizer; Bede Scientific Instruments, Logitech, Morgan Matroc and Pilkington Research (together with the Universities of Durham and Warwick); Octel; and ICI Bioproducts. 77. Isis Innovation Limited is now handling in excess of 60 pieces of intellectual property and continues to patent and exploit those inventions arising out of research where there are no pre-existing intellectual property rights. The Oxford Innovation Society, which was established to promote interest in the University's potential for technology transfer, continues to earn income for Isis through the subscriptions of its members. Membership currently stands at 37. 78. All EC research programmes under the Third Framework had calls for proposals during the year and researchers in the University applied for grants under twelve of the fifteen programmes. A total of 224 applications were made and ninety-seven new contracts awarded. Applications under ESPRIT and Human Capital and Mobility were particularly successful. The total value of EC grants held by the University now amounts to more than 12 million ECU (approximately 9 million). 79. The new EC programme of cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe was vastly oversubscribed with over 17,000 applications for fellowships and joint research projects. As a result, initially, only fellowships for researchers coming from Central and Eastern European countries were funded by the Commission. Thirty such fellowships were awarded to the University. Unfortunately, administrative problems at the Commission caused by the number of applications resulted in long delays in the conclusion of contracts. 80. As the EC increasingly looks beyond its own borders, new opportunities have arisen for members of the University to draw colleagues from EFTA countries, the US, and the former Soviet Union, as well as Central and Eastern Europe, into existing EC-funded collaborations. This development, which looks set to continue, has been greatly welcomed. 81. A new edition of the Directory of Scientific Research has been produced with the assistance of sponsorship fro the Oxford Science Park and the NatWest Technology Unit. Libraries General 82. The 1992 report on libraries began with a note on the Libraries Board's sponsorship of discussions to explore prospects for a closer relationship between the Bodleian and certain other libraries. The phrase `transfer to Bodleian-dependent status' no longer seems an appropriate description of the aim of these discussions. Any assumption that coming under the overall management of Bodley's Curators entails the abandonment of existing functions and procedures has been replaced by a willingness to accept the continuation of local practices governing, for example, opening hours, borrowing, invigilation arrangements and so forth. Detailed arrangements to incorporate the library of the Oriental Institute as a part of the Bodleian group were agreed during the year and draft legislation formalizing the change of status will be placed before Congregation in Michaelmas Term 1993. As a result of this reorganization the following collections will be under a single management structure: the central Bodleian Department of Oriental Books, the Indian Institute Library, the Bodleian Japanese Library at the Nissan Institute, the library of the Oriental Institute, the Eastern Art Library and the library of the new Institute for Chinese Studies, to be housed in the former Clarendon Press Institute. Negotiations have also continued between the Bodleian and the Sub-Faculty of Philosophy on the terms on which the sub-faculty's library might join the Bodleian group. These discussions have been more complex than those on the Oriental collections because the need for significant additional resources has been at issue. Although the Libraries Board submitted a bid to the General Board for additional recurrent and non- recurrent funds, most of the additional provision being sought will have to be found by redeployment from within the board's existing budget. 83. The Libraries Board continues to expand training and professional development opportunities for library staff by means of a new Training Co-ordinating Committee and has agreed that a special training and staff development post for libraries is needed, as part of the University's central Staff Development and Training Unit. The appointment of such a postholder is being explored. 84. The Libraries Board has distributed a questionnaire to staff in the thirteen libraries for which it has direct financial responsibility. This is the first stage of a review of staffing levels. It should be emphasized that the review is not concerned with the grading of individual posts, nor is it a substitute or alternative for the University Staff Committee's rolling review of gradings. The purpose of the board's review is to obtain information on the adequacy of existing staff levels (particularly in libraries with smaller staff establishments) and to consider an appropriate establishment profile for each library. The questionnaire will be followed up with library visits by the review team. 85. The Libraries Board, the Bodleian Curators and the Committee of the Heads of Science Departments have agreed on the amalgamation of the Science Libraries Advisory and Co-ordinating Committee (SLACC) and the Radcliffe Science Library Advisory Committee (RSLAC). A new Science Libraries Committee will replace the original bodies and also subsume the functions of the Hooke Library Advisory Committee as part of a general rationalization. A recent survey of college libraries indicated that provision in the sciences is generally at a lower level than is desirable, in part because of poor communication between science faculties and colleges on what the latter might provide. When it becomes possible to assess the effect of the DR shift on departmental library budgets a single committee will review the position in departmental and central libraries. Straws in the wind indicate that serious difficulties are, for instance, expected in the Mathematical Sciences and are already being experienced in Plant Sciences. Any cutbacks in departmental library budgets will result in greater pressure on the central provision in the Radcliffe Science Library. 86. During the year the University provided information for the HEFCE Library Review. HEFCE made particular enquiries concerning the University's status as a library of legal deposit and the use of the non-formula funding which the University receives in respect of that status. In its response, Oxford was able to reassure the HEFCE that the University is co-operating actively with the five other `Copyright Libraries' in developing a co-operative acquisition and retention policy, which will lead to savings in the longer term. Implementing them will, however, cost money, and a case will be made to the HEFCE for non-recurrent funding for this purpose. The central research libraries of the University serve as a national and international resource. The Bodleian, for example, estimates a current registered readership of around 40,000: on average, 60 per cent of the tickets issued each year to new readers are for non-members of the University. This highlights the degree to which University costs for storing, conserving and making available material accumulated over nearly 400 years of the legal deposit privilege remain uncovered by non-formula funding. Library automation 87. The University's IT technical strategy consultation exercise has been focussed in the libraries sector on the need for a pervasive ethernet infrastructure, for full retrospective conversion of the Bodleian catalogues, for training and other IT support in a distributed environment, and for migration of the Oxford Library and Information System (OLIS) to a more open system based on the client server model. This has enabled the Libraries Board to accelerate planned developments in these areas, but there is a serious danger that planning blight may affect the continued growth and development of OLIS in the intervening period. 88. The year has, however, seen continued vigorous growth of OLIS. The number of libraries cataloguing their new accessions into the database has risen from 52 to 60 during the year and over a million copy records referring to 750,000 bibliographic items may now be searched online. This represents an increase of over 33 per cent in the OLIS database. Twenty-seven libraries now use the system for processing orders. Eight libraries have converted sufficient of their catalogue records to allow use of the circulation module. Two libraries are operating the periodicals module. It is not proposed to extend this number until 1994-5, when further enhancements will have been introduced. 89. Meetings began in July with potential suppliers of a successor system, to establish the cost and capabilities of the new generation of systems, in particular their capacity to handle very large networks of libraries. Many systems are still undergoing rapid development and few are yet installed in institutions comparable in size and complexity. As part of the continuing consultation with the library community a series of visits to individual OLIS libraries is being carried out to assess present and future needs. The OLIS Consultative User Group similarly provides a channel to ensure that the views of library users are not overlooked. 90. The General Board has made a grant of 450K to the Libraries Board for 1993-4 to enable work to begin on the conversion of the 1920-85 Bodleian catalogue. It is intended that this should be the first of four instalments for the entire project. The strategy entails matching an estimated 1.55m unique entries in the Bodleian guard books, and in the catalogues of the Bodleian dependent libraries, against the OCLC database. Matching records will probably be found for 74 per cent of these entries and OCLC will create original records for the remainder. In order to concentrate resources on the conversion process and because of the uncertainties about the timetable for the new system the General Board has decided that records should not be loaded onto OLIS as they become available, at least for the first year. This decision may be reconsidered when the costs and benefits of loading the records have been more fully evaluated. No benefit will be experienced by readers until the records are loaded, and the cost of retrospective conversion in other Oxford libraries will be increased, as will the cost of the eventual duplicate elimination process. This must be weighed against the cost of additional disk storage and the staff involvement in loading the data and the undesirability of loading it onto the old system if the new were to be introduced relatively quickly. These issues underline the fact that conversion of the Bodleian catalogues is at the heart of the creation of a union database for the University's library collections as a whole. 91. Conversion of the union list of scientific periodicals is also well in hand. All biochemistry, astronomy and physics periodicals are now on OLIS. Progress is quickest with titles on open shelves in the Radcliffe Science Library and in departmental libraries. All periodicals have been converted in the University Museum, Physiology, Biochemistry, Experimental Psychology and Physics, and in the main library of the Zoology Department. 92. Successful moves to new versions of the OLIS software in July and December 1992 provided a much more stable base for developments. The libraries of the RSL and Nuffield College were able to start using OLIS for periodicals check-in and claiming from January 1993, and author/title searching was introduced during the year. Version 2.3, released in July, included improved message facilities, the solution to two long-standing problems and further enhancements to the periodicals module. Development of a stack request system now appears likely to become a victim of planning blight, but operation arrangements need to be analyzed to ensure that the final system is effective. The Bodleian Library 93. The most significant developments of the year have been in the direction of making the holdings of the Bodleian Library more easily and widely accessible. The conversion of the Interim Catalogue on cards (accessions of approximately 1985-1988) made excellent progress with the appointment of nine new staff, who were fully trained and active by the beginning of 1993. Over 60,000 records were processed in the first eight months of the project. The pace will inevitably slacken as the most easily converted records are dealt with, but the target of 180,000 is expected to be met well within the projected three years originally estimated. 94. Publication of the compact disk of the Pre-1920 catalogue took place in September 1993. This catalogue with 1.2m records is the culmination of over twenty-five years' effort, during which time vast changes have occurred in the technology available. It provides scholars world-wide with a unique bibliographic resource. Staff training has begun in the Library, and microcomputers with disk drives have been acquired. The conversion of the 1920-1985 catalogue will ensure the full availability of the Bodleian catalogues of books. Complementary world-wide access to the catalogues of other libraries was provided by the development of BARD (Bodleian Access to Remote Databases). 95. The `Bodleian System' has been enlarged, with the opening of the Bodleian Japanese Library at the Nissan Institute. Mention has already been made of the progress towards the addition of the libraries of the Oriental Institute and the Philosophy Sub-Faculty. New librarians have been appointed at Rhodes House and the Indian Institute. 96. A number of working parties appointed by the Librarian and Officers have reported during the year. These include Common Services, Training and Networking. The report of the Working Party on Subject Specialization is expected shortly. 97. Perhaps as a result of the recession, Campaign activities for the Bodleian have fewer achievements to record, though mention must be made of the Columbus Dinner at the London Guildhall in October 1992, which provided generous and welcome support for the Library's Hispanic and American collections. The Campaign also provided a Book Service Review by Peter Chadwick Ltd, who studied the operations of the stack in detail and made recommendations for their improvement - highly desirable in view of the increased demands made upon the Library throughout the year. The Bodleian and most of its dependents together with the library of the Taylor Institution held an Open Day for alumni on 15 May. The demand for tickets was so great that a second Open Day was held in September. Other libraries Dr Judith Palmer was appointed as Director, Health Care Libraries and Information Services. Rolling shelving installed in the basement of the Ashmolean Library will provide housing on the central site for a further ten years' accessions. One of the busiest libraries in the University, the Hooke, will be moving during the Christmas Vacation 1993 to new accommodation in the Abbot's Kitchen. The Listening Room in the Music Faculty Library has been completely re-equipped and redecorated with the help of sponsorship by Gramophone Magazine. Students Numbers 98. The total number of resident students was 14,594, comprising 10,423 (71 per cent) undergraduates and 4,171 (29 per cent) postgraduates, an increase of 1 per cent in the proportion of postgraduates. Foreign students (including those from the EC) accounted for about 19 per cent of the resident student population, a gain of 1 percent on last year. The percentage of women students overall remained 39.2, with the proportion of female postgraduates increasing slightly by 0.5 per cent. The percentage of science students fell marginally, to 42.2 (a drop of 0.4 per cent in undergraduates and 0.9 per cent in postgraduates). 99. There was an increase of 306 in the total number of resident students as compared with the previous year. The extra 97 students classified as undergraduates included 41 not registered for degrees or diplomas (Registered Visiting Students increased from 149 to 159, while the number of matriculated students not reading for any qualification rose from 43 to 74) and 18 more matriculated candidates for Special Diplomas than last year. Total resident postgraduates accounted for most of the increase (209 or 5.3 per cent more). Postgraduate admissions grew by 7.6 per cent (from 1576 last year to 1696 this) with students from other countries accounting for 41.5 per cent (a slightly smaller proportion, although a greater number than last year). 100. Undergraduate applications for 1993 totalled 9,666, a decrease of 40 from 1992 figures. Of these 3,157 were admitted, 43.7 per cent from the state, maintained sector within the UK, 46.6 per cent from the Independent sector, and 9.7 per cent from other groups including mature and overseas students. Of those accepted, the male/female proportion was 57.3 to 42.7 per cent. (See Appendix C.1.) 101. HEFCE has replaced the UFC's 'funded Numbers' by 'total core places'. These still include an allowance for part-time students and are expressed in FTE units (Full Time Equivalent). With regard to home and EC students the actual total FTE for 1992-3 was 12,610 compared to the total core places agreed for 1993-4 of 12,707. 102. The University also runs a large programme of continuing-education courses for adult students. In 1992-3 some 12,000 people enrolled on a variety of public programmes, continuing professional-development activities, and international programmes organised by the Department for Continuing Education. Over 2,500 of these students took residential courses, and 1,200 attended summer schools. In addition, courses in postgraduate medical education are based at the John Radcliffe Hospital, and Templeton College put on a range of post-experience management courses. Overseas Student Scholarships 103. The Overseas Research Scholarship (ORS) Award Scheme remained an important element in the funding of many overseas students at Oxford. Out of 241 nominations, Oxford obtained 181 awards tenable from October 1992, a success rate of some 75.5 per cent. The value of the award is equivalent to the difference between the home and overseas University fees. The CVCP proposed a major revision to the Scheme which Oxford, together with Cambridge, did not support. The results of the review undertaken by the CVCP are awarded at the time of going to press. 104. The University's own scholarship scheme, partly funded by the income from the Thalmann Bequest, continued to provide bursaries to `top-up' the funding of students who secured most of their funds from other sources but still had a shortfall which would prevent them from beginning their studies at Oxford. The award of these bursaries to ORS award-holders helped the University to maintain its high take-up rate of grants under this scheme, which in 1992-3 was around 77 per cent. The bursaries are intended for new entrants; they are not available for students who during the course of their studies unexpectedly find themselves in financial difficulty, for whom the combined help of college funding and the University's Hardship Fund is available. In 1992-3, 164,492 was distributed to one hundred and seventeen bursary holders, including sixty students starting courses in October 1992. 105. The continuation of a number of generously funded scholarship schemes provided increasing support for overseas students studying at Oxford. The ICI Scholarship Scheme, jointly funded by ICI, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the University supported nine scholars, including two new scholars from Poland and one from Malaysia. The K.C. Wong Foundation supported a total of eight doctoral students from the People's Republic of China. Joint funding from the British High Commission in Delhi and the University enabled the award of Radhakrishnan Scholarships to a further five new students from India, bringing to twelve the total number of students supported by this scheme. The first Great Eastern Scholarship, funded by a donation from Mr Sudhir Mulji, was awarded to a holder of the Radhakrishnan Scholarship. Further support for students from India was provided by the Felix Scholarships which funded six graduate students in 1992-3. Funding from BTR PLC in conjunction with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office enabled the award of BTR/FCO scholarships to three graduate students from Australia. Scholarships funded by Citibank were awarded to a student from Romania and a student from Germany to enable them to take up graduate places in Oxford. 106. In 1992-3, the Soros Visiting Scholars Scheme, funded in part by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, brought to Oxford nine graduate Visiting Students from Hungary, nine from the CIS, seven from Poland, seven from Romania, five from Bulgaria, four from the Czech Republic, four from Slovakia, three from Latvia, one from Lithuania and one from Estonia. The generous benefaction from Mrs Georgescu, widow of Horia Georgescu, enabled two further Visiting Scholars from Romania to take up places in the University. 107. In 1992-3 the first European Rhodes Scholarships were awarded to eight students from EC countries for graduate study at Oxford. The scholarships are open to citizens of all EC countries except Germany (where Rhodes scholarships are advertised separately) and the UK. These awards are additional to the long-established Rhodes Scholarships which continue to bring about 85 students to Oxford annually from the USA, South Africa, Germany and a number of Commonwealth countries. 108. During the year the first scholarships were awarded to students following courses linked to the new European Studies Institute. An Artal scholarship was awarded to a student from Belgium to enable her to read for the M.Juris degree and a scholarship funded by the Capital Group was awarded to a student from Hungary reading for the M.Phil. degree in European Politics and Society. Further scholarships funded by the Thyssen Foundation, the Wolfson Foundation, Firmenich and Henry T. Kravis will be awarded in 1993-4. 109. During the course of the year the Dulverton Trust kindly agreed to provide up funding for a number of full and partial scholarships to students from countries of Eastern Europe and Russia for undergraduate or graduate studies at Oxford. The first awards will be made in 1993-4. Funds for bursaries for a number of graduate students from Hong Kong were raised by the Committee of the Hong Kong Oxford Scholarships Fund. Finally, the Karim Rida Said Foundation generously agreed to provide a number of scholarships for students from Arab League countries for graduate study at Oxford; the first of these awards will be made in 1993-4. The University continues to regard the provision of scholarships for overseas students as a matter of high priority and hopes to raise further funds for this purpose through the Campaign for Oxford. It is grateful to those donors who have already played such an important role in enabling overseas students to take up their places in the University. International Exchange Programmes 110. The University continued to play an active part in the ERASMUS Scheme which was established by the EC with the primary objective of promoting student mobility within the Community. In 1992-3 the programme was opened for the first time to the countries of EFTA. The University is a partner in some 19 programmes which involve student mobility covering a wide range of subject areas. During the year it received 48 students from other European countries under the scheme and 24 Oxford students undertook study periods in universities in other European countries. 111. In 1991 the universities of Oxford and Paris agreed to establish a programme to promote the exchange of academic staff and graduate students. In 1992-3 six students from Paris studied in Oxford and four students from Oxford studied in universities or other institutions in Paris. Two of the Oxford students were supported by Midland Bank bursaries, one was awarded an Oxford Society Diamond Jubilee Award and the other a Victor Blank Bursary. Further funding to support student exchange was raised during the year and this will enable a larger number of Oxford students to take part in the exchange in 1993-4. During the year a similar exchange agreement has been reached with the University of Leiden and attempts are currently being made through the Development Campaign to raise funds to support this programme. 112. An Oxford student spent the academic year studying at the University of Pennsylvania as the second holder of the Queen Elizabeth Scholarship. In 1993-4 a student from Pennsylvania will study at Oxford under this programme which is available in alternate years for a student from Oxford or Pennsylvania to study for one academic year at the other institution. Buildings 113. Although the level of building activity in the country generally has been low, the University has continued with a significant programme which has benefitted from low tender levels. 114. The need to make a start on eliminating the backlog of maintenance work which has accumulated in universities and other institutions during a prolonged period of financial restriction has been recognised both by the University and by the Higher Education Funding Council. The level of funding provided by the University has been considerably increased and HEFCE also will provide substantial funding in 1993-94 and 1994-95 to assist universities to deal with the most urgent backlog work and with building requirements imposed by statute. At the same time the University is continuing with substantial programmes, initiated by the Safety Committee, to upgrade buildings as regards fire precautions, fume cupboards and biological containment standards. Work is also well advanced with a three-year 9,000,000 programme to bring the University's considerable stock of biological services buildings into line with a recently introduced Code of Practice. However, the scale of all these problems is so great, particularly as many services installations are now reaching the end of their useful working lives, that the catching up process is bound to extend over a considerable period. 115. Projects completed in the year include the Nissan Institute for Japanese Studies, conversion of 92 Woodstock Road for Continuing Education, a creche at Summertown House, the University Offices extension and a large number of smaller projects. 116. Work in progress includes the nearly completed Computing Laboratory extension in Keble Road and substantial conversion and adaptation schemes to make better use of existing space in the former Pharmacology Building (for Chemistry) and Nuclear Physics Building (for other Physics activities and new developments in Materials). Smaller schemes include extensions for the Careers Service in the Banbury Road, for the TIGER project at Wytham and for the recently appointed Linacre Professor of Zoology. 117. Planning is in hand for a major conversion of the former Clarendon Press Institute in Walton Street for use by Linguistics and the Chinese Studies Institute; for a Childcare facility in Bradmore Road; for a building to house a powerful new magnet to be used by the Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences; and in connection with the proposed Gene Centre at the John Radcliffe Hospital. 118. The proposed closure of the Radcliffe Infirmary and the transfer of activity to the John Radcliffe and Churchill sites by the end of the decade raise issues about the funding of the relocation of several University departments; the matter is under urgent discussion with HEFCE and the relevant government departments. Staff Matters 119. The 1993 salary settlements for all staff groups have, in line with the Government's public sector pay policy and the threatened financial penalties, consisted of a 1.5 per cent increase, which has been applied to all salary points. This increase has done nothing to address the continuing decline of academic salaries as compared with the non-manual average earnings index. 120. Consultation and negotiation with staff representatives on the various joint committees at Oxford have continued throughout the year. Regular reports on the University's financial position have been made and the staffing implications of the transfer of funds from HEFCE to the research councils have been kept under review. In response to legal advice arising from a particular case, waiver clauses have been introduced into all new and renewed fixed-term contracts of employment issued by the University on or after 1 February 1993; following extensive consultation with staff representatives, alternative internal provisions, to replace those so waived, have been put into place. 121. As regards academic staff matters, progress has been made on the question of contractual arrangements for academic staff, involving wider- ranging consultation and culminating in proposals which will enable many of the hardest-pressed arts lecturers to reduce their college undergraduate teaching stint in recognition of time spent on graduate teaching and supervision (see para. 27). An ad hominem professorship exercise was begun, but was abandoned after a vote in Congregation instructing Council to hold an ad hominem readership exercise instead (see para. 20). The latter has now been put in hand. In addition, it had already been decided, before the Congregation debate, to hold a full consultative exercise on promotions policy and associated issues, and a consultative document has been sent to all members of the academic staff. 122. Reference has been made above to the paramount importance of making academic appointments of the highest quality. With this in mind, the General Board is undertaking a complete review of appointments procedures, to ensure that they remain fair and thorough. New guidance will be issued to all appointing bodies in due course. 103. The burdens on heads of departments have grown immeasurably in the last 20 years. Council and the General Board therefore agreed an increase in departmental allowances during the year. The Board has also undertaken consultations with faculty boards about the introduction of a general policy (subject to vested interest) under which the headship of a department would no longer be tied to a particular named post or posts, but would be assignable for periods of years to any member of academic staff (normally to a professor or reader). Such arrangements already exist in one form or another for many departments but the aim is to introduce them for all and to establish a single definition of eligibility for the headship. The objective is to make a change of head possible (so that individuals do not have to carry the burdens permanently to the detriment of their research) while not making it compulsory. Legislation will be brought forward in 1993-4. 123. As regards academic-related staff matters, a first edition of a staff handbook was also produced. In 1992-93, appraisal for clerical and library staff was introduced and the associated staff training undertaken; agreement was also reached on appraisal procedures to be introduced in 1993-94 for technical staff. The Academic Staff Development Committee (previously the Committee for the Training of University Teachers) continued to expand its programme to include well received seminars on small group teaching, leading a research team, the use of computers for teaching, and supervising D.Phil students. The central training programme for other staff groups also expanded in response to identified needs within departments, with new courses on communication skills, time management, effective leadership and supervisory skills. 124. The decision to join Opportunity 2000, taken early in the year on the recommendation of the Equal Opportunities Committee, was followed by a process of consultation to draw up objectives towards which the University would work as part of its membership activities. On the subject of student admissions, colleges are considering recommendations to increase the number of applications from women and ethnic minorities. The Equal Opportunities Committee also continued its programme of public seminars on equal opportunities, and enhanced the provision of training in equal opportunities in recruitment and selection for staff. The University's first workplace nursery was opened in Michaelmas Term 1992; a second is planned, together with the provision of childcare facilities for those with school-age children. (See paras 93 and 95.) Appendices A. DEGREES BY DIPLOMA AND HONORARY DEGREES The following degrees by diploma were conferred during the academic year: On various occasions during the year, the Chancellor presiding: DCL by Diploma His Majesty The Sultan of Brunei Darussalam, Hon. GCMG Her Excellency Mary Robinson, President of Ireland His Excellency Dr Mario A. Nobre Lopes Soares, President of the Republic of Portugal The following honorary degrees were conferred during the academic year: At the Encaenia on 23 June 1993, the Chancellor presiding: DD The Most Revd Ernest Urban Trevor Huddleston, CR, MA, Christ Church DCL The Hon. Sir Anthony Mason, AC, KBE Javier Perez de Cuellar D. Litt. Emmanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie Bridget Louise Riley, CBE, ARCA D.Sc. Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM, CH, CBE, FRS Edward Osborne Wilson On various occasions during the year: DM Peter Orchard Williams, CBE, FRCP MA John Brian Cooke Sheldon Meyer John David Rowland B. APPOINTMENTS TO PROFESSORSHIPS, READERSHIPS, AND COMPARABLE POSTS The following appointments have been made: Academic year 1992-3 Directorship of the European Studies Institute and of the Centre for European Politics, Economics, and Society: J.E.S. Hayward (B.Sc., Ph.D London), FBA, Professor of Politics, University of Hull, with effect from 1 January 1993. Academic year 1993-4 Slade Professorship of Fine Art: Juliet Wilson-Bareau George Eastman Visiting Professorship: P.W. Anderson (B.S., M.A., Ph.D Harvard), Joseph Henry Professor of Physics, Princeton University. Dr Lee's Professorship of Chemistry: J.P. Simons (BA, Ph.D, Sc.D Cambridge), FRS, Professor of Physical Chemistry, University of Nottingham, with effect from 1 October 1993. Professorship of Psychology: Susan D. Iversen, M.A., Ph.D (Cambridge), Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, and Director of Behavioural Sciences, Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp and Dohme Laboratories, Harlow, with effect from 1 October 1993. Professorship of Clinical Biochemistry: C.F. Higgins, MA (B.Sc, Ph.D Durham),Fellow of Keble College and Principal Scientist, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, with effect from 1 October 1993. Iveagh Professorship of Microbiology: D.J. Sherratt, FRS (B.Sc Manchester, Ph.D Edinburgh), Professor of Genetics, University of Glasgow, with effect from I April 1994. Peter Moores Professorship of Management Studies: C.P. Mayer, MA, M.Phil., D.Phil., Professor of Economics and Finance, Department of Economics and Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, with effect from 1 April 1994. Rank Foundation Professorship of Electro-Optic Engineering: G. Parry (B.Sc., Ph.D. London), Professor of Electronic Engineering, University College London, with effect from 1 October 1993. Professorship of Pathology: H. Waldmann (MA, MB, B.Chir, Ph.D Cambridge), FRS, Kay Kendall Professor of Therapeutic Immunology, University of Cambridge, with effect from 1 April 1994. Readership in Modern South Asian History: D.A. Washbrook (MA, Ph.D. Cambridge), Reader in History, University of Warwick, with effect from 1 January 1994. Academic year 1994-5 Slade Professorship of Fine Art: Sir Michael Levey, MA, FBA. Newton-Abraham Visiting Professorship: T. Friedmann (A.B., M.D. Pennsylvania), Professor of Paediatrics, Center for Molecular Genetics, University California, San Diego, School of Medicine. Director, Queen Elizabeth House: Frances Stewart, MA, D.Phil, Fellow of Somerville College. C1. APPLICATIONS AND ACCEPTANCES OF STUDENTS RECENTLY AT SCHOOL October 1991 October 1992 October 1993 Men Applications 5,630 5,599 5,553 Acceptances 1,820 1,887 1,810 Women Applications 4,150 4,107 4,113 Acceptances 1,369 1,297 1,347 C2. STUDENT NUMBERS (Figures for 1991-92 are given in parentheses) (i) Students in Residence Undergraduates Postgraduates Total Men 6,206 (6,143) 2,665 (2,550) 8,871 (8,693) Women 4,217 (4,183) 1,506 (1,412) 5,723 (5,595) Total 10,423* (10,326 ) 4,171 (3,962) 14,594 (14,288) * Includes 289 clinical medical students (ii) Distribution of Students by Country of Origin Home and other EC students in residence: Undergraduates Postgraduate s Total (1992) United Kingdom 9,418 2,381 11,799 (11,691) Germany 171 142 313 (243) Italy 33 41 74 (64) Ireland 18 55 73 (59) Greece 27 45 72 (64) France 43 23 66 (56) Netherlands 17 19 36 (31) Belgium 18 14 32 (21) Spain 11 21 32 (31) Portugal 9 17 26 (24) Denmark 7 17 24 (21) Luxembourg 2 3 5 (2) Total 9,774 2,778 12,552 (12,307) Students from outside the EC in residence: Undergraduat es Postgraduate s Total (1992) U.S.A. 153 413 566 (540) Canada 26 187 213 (177) Australia 19 113 132 (127) Hong Kong 63 48 111 (111) China 13 76 89 (85) India 23 58 81 (93) Japan 30 49 79 (68) Singapore 66 11 77 (71) Brazil 49 49 (42) South Africa 19 45 64 (56) States formerly comprising USSR 21 26 47 (43) Malaysia 25 22 47 (37) Other Countries 191 296 487 (533) Total 649 1,393 2,042 (1,981) (iii) Division between Arts and Sciences Undergraduates Postgraduates Total Arts 6,043 (5,938) 2,397 (2,241) 8,440 (8,179) Science 4,380 (4,388) 1,774 (1,620) 6,154 (6,109) Total 10,423 (10,326) 4,171 (3,962) 14,594 (14,288) (iv) Student Admissions Age Groups and Total Undergraduat es Postgraduat es Total Previous degree at Oxford Other Under 19 Men 1,212 1 1,213 Women 854 854 Total 2,066 2,067 Age 19 Men 516 1 515 Women 343 343 Total 857 1 858 Age 20 Men 50 8 1 59 Women 42 2 5 49 Total 92 10 6 108 Age 21-24 Men 100 230 364 694 Women 65 125 272 462 Total 165 355 636 1,156 Age 25 and over Men 88 75 294 457 Women 29 46 206 281 Total 117 121 500 738 Total Men 1,964 313 661 2,938 Women 1,333 173 483 1,989 Total 3,297 486 1,144 4,927 (v) Final Honour Schools 1992-93 Students in Residence Candidates for Final Honour School (1) Ancient and Modern History 66 21 (2) Archaeology and Anthropology 15 - (3) Biochemistry: Part I 217 66 (4) Biochemistry: Part II 80 80 (5) Biological Sciences 310 - (6) Chemistry: Part I 516 156 (7) Chemistry: Part II 166 163 (8) Classics and English 27 8 (9) Classics and Modern Languages 37 15 (10) Engineering and Materials: Part I 22 8 (11) Engineering and Materials: Part II 6 6 (12) Engineering and Computing Science: Part I 70 22 (13) Engineering and Computing Science: Part II 14 14 (14) Engineering, Economics and Management: Part I 118 46 (15) Engineering, Economics and Management: Part II 51 50 (16) Engineering Science: Part I 262 75 (17) Engineering Science: Part II 76 77 (18) English 786 261 (19) English and Modern Languages 60 14 (20) Experimental Psychology 152 59 (21) Geography 308 101 (22) Geology 86 34 (23) Human Sciences 101 27 (24) Jurisprudence 780 241 (25) Literae Humaniores 529 132 (26) Mathematics 559 194 (27) Mathematics and Computation 91 28 (28) Mathematics and Philosophy 54 15 (29) Metallurgy: Part I 66 20 (30) Metallurgy: Part II 18 18 (31) Metallurgy, Economics and Management: Part I 9 4 (32) Metallurgy, Economics and Management: Part II 5 5 (33) Modern History 897 293 (34) Modern History and Economics 24 9 (35) Modern History and English 30 - (36) Modern History and Modern Languages 54 16 (37) Modern Languages 623 223 (38) Music 154 53 (39) Oriental Studies 138 35 (40) Philosophy and Modern Languages 59 14 (41) Philosophy, Politics and Economics 899 307 (42) Philosophy and Theology 57 16 (43) Physics 501 154 (44) Physics and Philosophy 39 11 (45) Physiological Sciences 334 104 (46) Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology 114 35 (47) Theology 178 66 Sub-total, Honour Schools 9,767 3,296 (50) Bachelor of Fine Art 58 20 Total 9,825 3,316 D1. GENERAL BENEFACTIONS The University has accepted with gratitude the following benefactions: 1. For the Bodleian Library: (a) In individual gifts and regular subscriptions from the Library's Friends organisations (British, American, Canadian) a total of 41,353 (b) From the parents of the late Mr Michael Daly, 40,000 to establish a fund to enable members of staff of the University's libraries, with preference for the Bodleian, to study the languages or cultures of the Turkic- speaking world and the Caucasus (or, failing that, of the Slavonic and East European worlds). (c) Under the will of the late John Owen, of the Oxford Mail and Times, a selection of books from his library and a sum of money for the purchase of a chair for Duke Humfrey's Library. (d) Under the will of the late Professor Paul T Ellsworth of the University of Wisconsin, a final distribution of $7,720. (e) From the Maurice Lubbock Memorial Trust for the purchase of engineering books for the Radcliffe Science Library, the third of three annual payments of 1,500. (f) From General Fereydoun Djam in memorary of his son Kamran, the gift of three illuminated Persian manuscripts, and a 19th-century Persian oil painting. (g) Under the will of the late Dr Francis A Mann for use by the Bodleian Law Library, the sum of 5,000. (h) Under the will of the late Robert Halsband, former reader and American Friend, the sum of $1,000. (i) From Mrs Georgina Strauss, former member of Library staff, for the purchase of books on modern German history and German publishing and printing, the sum of 2,000. (j) Towards the purchase of the diaries of Edward Turnour, 6th Earl Winterton (1883-1962), from the MGC/V&A Purchase Grant Fund, the sum of 5,000. (k) From E P Thompson, historian, the papers of his father, the writer E J Thompson (1886-1946). (l) From Mr William H Rieckmann, American Friend of the Bodleian, for the Department of Western manuscripts, the sum of 3,500. (m) From Dr Richard Haas, towards the funding of the Conservative Party Archive, the sum of 20,000. 2. For the Ashmolean Museum: (a) From an anonymous donor, 41,000 towards the purchase of Indian works of art. (b) The purchase of the Portrait of Nawab Shuja'ud-Daula of Oudh by the Pilgrim Trust in commemoration of the Directorship of Sir David Piper. (c) A bequest from the widow of the late Sir Philip Hendy, of a terracotta bozzetto and a small bronze by Henry Moore. 3. For the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments (a) From Miss Katherine Jeans, various musical instruments for the Morley- Pegge Collection. (b) The purchase by the National Art Collection Fund, the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the Friends of the Bate Collection of the clavichord built by Hieronymous Albrecht Hass. (c) The presentation by the Friends of the Bate Collection of James Mathews's flute Barbiton, and a Mazzeo system clarinet. (d) The presentation by James Luke of an oboe by Buffet Crampon. 4. For the Pitt Rivers Museum, from a Trust Fund set up by Mr William Delafield, annually a sum of money for the care and maintenance of the collections. 5. From the New Phytologist Trust, 1,500, together with any further donations received for the same purpose, to endow the Harley Prize for excellence in Plant Sciences. 6. From the Leopold Muller Estate (through the Myasthenia Gravis Association) 100,000 towards the purchase of scientific equipment for research in the Department of Clinical Neurology under the direction of Professor J. Newsom-Davis. 7. From donations made to mark the impending retirement of Professor R.B. Duthie, 5,000 to establish a fund to endow the R.B. Duthie Prize in Orthopaedic Surgery. 8. From the late Professor Foster Watson, a bequest of approximately 4,000. 9. From BAYER, 29,510 towards the cost of HbA1c' Fructosamine, and Glucose assays in the Diabetes Research Laboratories under the direction of Dr R. Holman. 10. From the Norman Collisson Foundation, 50,000 for the support of research in the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine under the direction of Professor J.I. Bell. 11. From the Allison Foundation, 30,227 for the support of research on immunosuppression in kidney transplantation in the Nuffield Department of Surgery under the direction of Professor P.J. Morris. 12. From OHA Trust Funds, 38,389 for the support of research on endometrial function in the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology under the direction of Professor D.H. Barlow. From the E.P. Abraham Research Fund: (a) 329,374 to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology for the support of research. (b) 60,000 to the Department of Zoology for rebuilding the Aviaries. (c) 50,000 to Sobell House for the support of research into palliative care. (d) 30,000 to the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for equipment for research. (e) 24,531 to the University of Oxford to reinstate the lecturership formerly held by Dr Baralle. (f) 24,276 to the Department of Zoology for the support of a postdoctoral research assistant for one year. (g) 24,000 to the Dyson Perrins Laboratory for the support of a postdoctoral research assistant for 10 months. (h) 18,838 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of a postdoctoral research assistant for one year. (i) 17,000 to the Wildlife Conservation Unit in the Department of Zoology for the support of a computer analyst for one year. (j) 12,286 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of research. (k) 10,000 to the Department of Human Anatomy for the refurbishment of laboratories. (l) 9,300 to the Department of Biochemistry for equipment for research. (m) 8,000 to the Department of Biochemistry for the support of research. (n) 6,517 to the Molecular Sensors Unit for the support of research. (o) 5,550 to the Department of Zoology for the support of research. (p) 16,266 for grants for travel and research. From the EPA Cephalosporin Fund (a) 50,000 to Sobell House for the support of education in palliative care. (b) 20,000 to the Department of Zoology for rebuilding the Aviaries. (c) 8,000 to the Department of Human Anatomy for the support of research. (d) 5,054 for grants for research. From the Guy Newton Research Fund (a) 74,000 to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology for the support of research. D2. BENEFACTIONS TO THE UNIVERSITY MADE IN RESPONSE TO THE CAMPAIGN FOR OXFORD The University received over 00,000,000 in gifts, pledges, and covenants, through the Campaign for Oxford. A detailed list is given in Campaign News. The University is deeply grateful to all its benefactors. 5,000 - 49,000 Gross ABSA for the Bodleian Library, Collection Development Alcan Aluminium Ltd for the Lester B. Pearson Chair of International Relations The American Standard Foundation for Christ Church Mr Mahlon Apgar IV for Magdalen College Mrs Brooke Astor for the American Studies Institute Baker & Mackenzie for the Careers Service Banque Nationale de Paris plc for Overseas Scholarships The David & Frederick Barclay Foundation for the Magnetic Resonance Unit The Beit Trust for the Bodleian Library, Staff Posts An Anonymous Donor for the Bodleian Library Exhibition Room Mr F.R. Boardman for the Foundation Fund, and for the Queen's College Mr R.J. Boyd for the Classics Centre Dr F.B. Brockhues LLD for St Edmund Hall Mr R.A.C. Bronk for the Classics Centre The Capital Group for the Europaeum Mr J.C. Clement for the Queen's College (Cornell University) for the Brettschneider Bursary Mr D.J. Davies for the Ashmolean Museum Compagnie de Suez for Overseas Scholarships Mr Jarvis Doctorow for St Edmund Hall An Anonymous Donor for Green College The Estate of the late Mrs A.I.K. Douglas for the Classics Centre An Anonymous Donor for Student Support Mr John S. Eyres for Exeter College The Esmee Fairbairn Charitable Trust for the Ashmolean Museum, and the Marine Archaeology Research Unit (MARE) Mrs Madeleine Feher for the Europaeum The Estate of the late Miss Joyce Hawkins for the Foundation Fund Mr Orion L. Hoch for the Foundation Fund The Estate of the late Miss N.M.H. Hodgeson for the Foundation Fund An Anonymous Donor for Magdalen College and the Philosophy Library ICALP (Instituto de Cultura e Lingua Portuguesa) for the Portuguese Chair Mr G. Janson, MBE for the Foundation Fund Mr Jonathan H. Kagan for the Ashmolean Museum, and for Corpus Christi College Dr Martin D. Kamen for Green College Korea Research Foundation for Korean Studies Kyoichi Kai Kan Rikuhashi Hidehi for the Environmental Change Unit Miss K.M. Lea for Keble College Mr N.J.B. Lovatt for the Foundation Fund, and for Christ Church The Mackintosh Foundation for the Visiting Professorship in Modern Drama The Jack & Pat Mallabar Foundation for Bodleian Library Conservation Manufacturers' Life Insurance Co. for the Lester B. Pearson Chair of International Relations The Michael Marks Charitable Trust for the Ashmolean Museum Dr Anna M McCann for the Institute of Archaeology The Rt Hon Lord Molson PC for the Foundation Fund Ms N.T. Morishige for the Andy Derome Fund for Scientific Research The Raymond Oppenheimer Trust for the Bodleian Library Mr Horace F Pereira for Christ Church Phibro Energy for Keble College Mr Edwin L. Pomeroy for Hertford College Power Corporation of Canada for the Lester B. Pearson Chair of International Relations The Reed Foundation Inc for Merton College Mr James B. Rogers Jr for Balliol College The Helen Roll Charity for the Bodleian Library Mrs Joanna S. Rose for the Pitt Rivers Museum The Shaw Foundation Pte for Lincoln College Shearman and Sterling for the Bodleian Library, American Law Collection Mrs L. Shivdasani for the Bodleian Library Mr Dennis C. Stanfill for Exeter College SunLife Trust for Canadian Development Office costs Mr Max Ulfane for the Ashmolean Museum HSH The Prince of Liechtenstein for the Europaeum Sir Henry Warner Bt for the Bodleian Library Mr Desmond Watkins for Keble College Lord and Lady Weidenfeld for a Visiting Professorship in Comparative Literature The Weingart Foundation for Exeter College Mrs Ruth Windsor for the Bodleian Library An Anonymous Donor for Merton College Sir Martin Wood, OBE, DL, FRS for High Magnetic Field Studies Mr P.W.J. Wood for the Foundation Fund, Environmental Studies, Overseas Scholarships, and Magdalen College The Wolfson Family Charitable Trust for the Ashmolean Museum Farrar Gallery Mr R.G.A. Youard for the Foundation Fund, and for the Bodleian Library, American Law Collection 50,000 - 99,999 Gross The Ashendene Trust, The A.D. Power Will Trust and W.H. Smith Group plc, for refurbishment of the Bodleian Library Exhibition Room. The gifts were made on the initiative of Sir Simon Hornby Atlantic Richfield Oil Co for the Europaeum Conference The Baring Foundation for Refugee Studies Mr John B .Elliott for Corpus Christi College Firmenich GmbH for the Europaeum The Hattatt Estate for the Ashmolean Museum The Irish Sailors and Soldiers Land Trust Fund for Scholarships Lady Labouchere for the Sir George Labouchere Fund for Spanish Studies Mr Leon Levy for the Ashmolean Humanities Centre The Molson Family Foundation for the Lester B. Pearson Chair of International Relations Mr David K. Richards for Wadham College Dr & Mrs Dietrich von Bothmer for the Ashmolean Museum 100,000 - 499,999 Gross The EPA Cephalosporin Fund for St Peter's College Colonia Nordstern Insurance Group for the Europaeum Korea Foundation for Korean Studies Mr Henry Kravis for the Henry R. Kravis Studentship and Travel Bursary Fund The Leopold Muller Estate for Oriel College The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation for the Ashmolean Museum, for refurbishment of the Egyptian Gallery and for a Junior Research Fellowship at Worcester College The Karim Rida Said Foundation for Scholarships, and for Refugee Studies Mr Urs Schwarzenbach for the Ashmolean Museum The Foundation for Sports and the Arts for the Swimming Pool Mr N.J. Taylor for Lincoln College Sir John Templeton for Templeton College Fritz Thyssen Stiftung for the Europaeum 500,000 - 999,999 Gross SANE (Schizophrenia - A National Emergency) for Schizophrenia Research 1,000,000 and above An Anonymous Donor for the American Literature Chair An Anonymous Donor for the Ashmolean Humanities Centre The Rhodes Trust for two lecturerships in Management Studies, a "challenge" gift for the American Studies Institute, to be matched by American Rhodes Scholars, and the Swimming Pool The Rothermere Foundation for the Library of the American Studies Institute The Wolfson Foundation for the Centre for Information Engineering, and for the Ashmolean Museum Farrar Gallery E. LIST OF RESEARCH GRANTS 1992-3 1. From the research councils and other government agencies Agricultural & Food Research Council 1,783,407 Economic & Social Research Council 1,538,242 Medical Research Council 11,313,175 Natural Environment Research Council 1,336,567 Science & Engineering Research Council 14,301,458 British Council 19,865 Chemical & Biological Defence Establishment 53,337 Defence Research Agency 685,023 Department of Health 2,171,355 Department of the Environment 26,763 Department of Trade and Industry 1,200,431 Department of Transport 112,309 English Heritage 95,442 European Community 2,232,103 Forestry Commission 15,836 Health and Safety Executive 58,444 Health Education Council 67,586 Home Office 208,840 Meteorological Office 76,717 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 183,187 National Curriculum Council 14,312 National Physical Laboratory 20,275 National Radiological Protection Board 25,718 Overseas Development Administration 1,911,221 Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute 56,585 Royal Aircraft Establishment 58,303 Other Agencies 23,420 ÄÄÄÄÄÄ 39,589,921 ÍÍÍÍÍÍ 2. From charities, industrial firms and other institutions Action Research 372,282 AEA Technology 39,221 AH Robbins 33,842 Air Products 22,000 Alcan International 47,927 Amerada Hess 26,084 Amersham International 57,937 Amoco 22,100 Anergen (USA) 80,372 Anonymous 16,255 Arthritis and Rheumatism Council 497,976 Association for Science Education 20,514 Association for International Cancer Research 25,829 Astra Hassle 40,659 Australian High Commission 11,512 B & P Biotechnology 15,802 Beckman Instruments (USA) 113,214 Beit Fund 82,986 Biorad Lab USA 12,881 Birth Right 92,805 Bochringer (Germany) 15,014 Brain Research Trust 36,334 Bristol-Myers Squibb USA 3,507,793 British Academy 268,758 British Aerospace 16,233 British Bio Technology 208,707 British Coal Utilisation Research Association 24,103 British Diabetic Association 256,866 British Digestive Foundation 17,652 British Gas 40,310 British Heart Foundation 1,136,259 British Library 61,598 British Lung Foundation 39,876 B.P. 197,721 British Retinitis Pigmentosa Society 33,558 B.T. 277,457 Building Research Institute 24,778 Cancer Relief MacMillan Fund 34,430 Cancer Research Campaign 1,413,005 Cancer Research Institute 19,859 Centocor (USA) 62,478 Comett Technical (Belgium) 11,093 Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust 191,634 Du Pont-Howson 12,075 Eli Lilly 124,312 Fisons 25,492 Football Trust 20,154 Ford Foundation 17,387 Gas Research Institute 89,518 Gatsby Charitable Foundation 33,744 Glaxo Laboratories 322,437 Haemocell 11,340 Hoffman-La Roche 111,094 Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA) 47,264 Howmedica International 54,555 Human Frontier Science Program Organisation Strasbourg 131,139 I B M 77,248 IBT Dubilier 39,679 Imperial Cancer Research Fund 253,469 I C I 91,050 Institute of Oceanographic Sciences 141,665 Intensive Care Society 15,239 International Society for Bio-analoging Skeletal Implants 15,469 International Tropical Timber Organisation (USA) 25,825 Jaguar Cars 46,656 James McDonnell Foundation 199,140 Jet Joint Undertaking 28,690 H.R.H the Prince of Jordan 14,357 Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust 53,853 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International (USA) 82,069 Kodak 24,671 Kratos Analytical 14,929 Leukaemia Research Fund 351,299 Leverhulme Trust 561,147 Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine 24,595 Lloyds of London Tercentenary Foundation 27,008 Logitech Glasgow 70,154 MacArthur Foundation USA 95,440 Mallinckrodt Medical (USA) 112,626 McDonnell Douglas Corporation (USA) 23,688 Meningitis Trust 147,191 Mental Health Foundation 34,589 Merck, Sharp and Dohme USA 132,792 Merck, Sharp and Dohme 26,132 Merieux UK 48,106 Merrell Dow Research Institute 11,482 Monsanto 30,576 Monsanto Corporation USA 1,191,123 Multiple Sclerosis Society 26,118 Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA) 97,658 Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 386,104 National Association for Colitis & Crohns Disease 32,181 National Asthma Campaign 20,467 National Foundation Cancer Research (USA) 16,636 National Institutes of Health (USA) 197,483 National Kidney Research Fund 88,253 New Energy & Industrial Technology Development Organisation 43,324 Novo Research Institute 91,918 Nuclear Electric 76,567 Nuffield Foundation Medical Trust 77,954 Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust 61,922 Oravax (USA) 72,842 Oxford Instruments 24,639 Oxford Regional Health Authority 595,791 Oxfordshire County Council 17,645 Oxfordshire Health Authority 518,806 Oxfordshire Health Authority Trust Fund 133,622 Parke-Davis 31,700 Parkinsons Disease Society 18,739 Paul Instrument Fund 29,704 Pfizer 38,611 Pharmacia Ab (Sweden) 47,343 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 18,211 PPP Medical Trust 22,539 Pripps (Sweden) 17,995 Rees Jeffreys Road Fund 14,905 Renaissance Trust 36,679 Research into Ageing 26,201 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie 17,883 Rijkswaterstaat 35,690 Rockefeller Foundation 46,108 Rolls-Royce 830,637 Roussel Lab 15,079 Royal Academy of Engineering 11,580 Royal Society 1,858,219 Sainsburys 18,037 Sanofi Elf Biorecerche 18,001 Schering Health Care 13,337 Servier 329,731 Sharp (UK) 43,745 Shell Exploration & Production 10,095 Shell Research 66,295 Smithkline Beecham 594,066 Southern Trust 44,766 Spencer Foundation 37,216 Sri International (USA) 77,284 Tobacco Products Research Trust 111,223 Tuberous Sclerosis Association of Great Britain 10,247 Udak 16,867 Unilever 41,579 Unilever Research Laboratory (Netherlands) 32,162 United Distillers 12,850 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority 18,112 United Nations 186,063 United States Air Force 19,453 United States Army 35,549 United States Department of Health Education & Welfare 15,457 United States Environmental Protection Agency 72,880 United States Office of Naval Research 38,034 Urenco 128,435 Volkswagen Foundation 11,779 Wellcome Foundation 122,500 Wellcome Trust 10,121,889 Whitley Animal Protection Trust 16,505 Wolfson Foundation 162,086 World Childrens Foundation (USA) 10,789 World Health Organisation 129,334 Zeneca 181,973 Other Bodies* 754,746 ÄÄÄÄÄ 33,741,016 ÍÍÍÍÍ * includes amounts under 10,000