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On this day in 1940, scientists working under Professor Howard Florey carried out the first tests, which showed that penicillin could be used to protect mice from an otherwise lethal infection. Further trials at the Radcliffe Infirmary confirmed this work. Florey held the chair of pathology at Oxford and was elected Provost of Queens in 1962. Other distinctions included a Nobel Prize in 1945, election to President of the Royal Society in 1960, and being awarded the Order of Merit. Credit: ODNB